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1.
mtDNA diversity in rhesus monkeys reveals overestimates of divergence time and paraphyly with neighboring species 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Reconstructions of the human-African great ape phylogeny by using
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been subject to considerable debate. One
confounding factor may be the lack of data on intraspecific variation. To
test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of intraspecific mtDNA
diversity on the phylogenetic reconstruction of another Plio- Pleistocene
radiation of higher primates, the fascicularis group of macaque (Macaca)
monkey species. Fifteen endonucleases were used to identify 10 haplotypes
of 40-47 restriction sites in M. mulatta, which were compared with similar
data for the other members of this species group. Interpopulational,
intraspecific mtDNA diversity was large (0.5%- 4.5%), and estimates of
divergence time and branching order incorporating this variation were
substantially different from those based on single representatives of each
species. We conclude that intraspecific mtDNA diversity is substantial in
at least some primate species. Consequently, without prior information on
the extent of genetic diversity within a particular species, intraspecific
variation must be assessed and accounted for when reconstructing primate
phylogenies. Further, we question the reliability of hominoid mtDNA
phylogenies, based as they are on one or a few representatives of each
species, in an already depauperate superfamily of primates.
相似文献
2.
Ian P. Holmes Richard J. Blunt Olivier E. Lorthioir Stephen M. Blowers Andy Gribble Andrew H. Payne Ian G. Stansfield Martyn Wood Patrick M. Woollard Charlie Reavill Claire M. Howes Fabrizio Micheli Romano Di Fabio Daniele Donati Silvia Terreni Dieter Hamprecht Luca Arista Angela Worby Steve P. Watson 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2010,20(6):2013-2016
The identification of a highly selective D2 partial agonist, D3 antagonist tool molecule which demonstrates high levels of brain exposure and selectivity against an extensive range of dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic, histamine, and muscarinic receptors is described. 相似文献
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Muma JB Lund A Siamudaala VM Munang'andu HM Munyeme M Matope G Nielsen K DJønne B Godfroid J Tryland M Skjerve E 《Journal of wildlife diseases》2010,46(4):1063-1069
One of the diseases of veterinary and public health importance affecting the Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis) on the Kafue flats is brucellosis, for which only scant information is available. During the 2003 (October), 2004 (December), and 2008 (July-December) hunting seasons in the Kafue flats, we conducted a study to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp. in the Kafue lechwe and to evaluate serologic tests for detection of Brucella spp. antibodies in lechwe. The Rose Bengal Test (RBT), competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) were used. A total of 121 Kafue lechwe were hunted for disease investigations in 2003, 2004, and 2008 in the Kafue Flat Game Management Area. Of these, 21.6%, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.2-29.1%) had detectable antibodies to Brucella spp. The Kafue lechwe in Lochnivar National Park had higher antibody results than those in Blue Lagoon National Park (odds ratio=3.0; 95% CI: 0.94-9.4). Infection levels were similar in females (21.6%) and males (21.7%). Results were similar among RBT, FPA, cELISA tests, suggesting that these could effectively be used in diagnosing brucellosis in the Kafue lechwe. Our study demonstrates the presence of Brucella infections in the Kafue lechwe in two national parks located in the Kafue flats and further highlights the suitability of serologic assays for testing the Kafue lechwe. Because the Kafue lechwe is the most hunted wildlife species in Zambia, hunters need to be informed of the public health risk of Brucella spp. infection. 相似文献
5.
Orchard S Salwinski L Kerrien S Montecchi-Palazzi L Oesterheld M Stümpflen V Ceol A Chatr-aryamontri A Armstrong J Woollard P Salama JJ Moore S Wojcik J Bader GD Vidal M Cusick ME Gerstein M Gavin AC Superti-Furga G Greenblatt J Bader J Uetz P Tyers M Legrain P Fields S Mulder N Gilson M Niepmann M Burgoon L De Las Rivas J Prieto C Perreau VM Hogue C Mewes HW Apweiler R Xenarios I Eisenberg D Cesareni G Hermjakob H 《Nature biotechnology》2007,25(8):894-898
A wealth of molecular interaction data is available in the literature, ranging from large-scale datasets to a single interaction confirmed by several different techniques. These data are all too often reported either as free text or in tables of variable format, and are often missing key pieces of information essential for a full understanding of the experiment. Here we propose MIMIx, the minimum information required for reporting a molecular interaction experiment. Adherence to these reporting guidelines will result in publications of increased clarity and usefulness to the scientific community and will support the rapid, systematic capture of molecular interaction data in public databases, thereby improving access to valuable interaction data. 相似文献
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Susan DJ Chapple Anna M Crofts S Paul Shadbolt John McCafferty Michael R Dyson 《BMC biotechnology》2006,6(1):49-15
Background
A variety of approaches to understanding protein structure and function require production of recombinant protein. Mammalian based expression systems have advantages over bacterial systems for certain classes of protein but can be slower and more laborious. Thus the availability of a simple system for production and rapid screening of constructs or conditions for mammalian expression would be of great benefit. To this end we have coupled an efficient recombinant protein production system based on transient transfection in HEK-293 EBNA1 (HEK-293E) suspension cells with a dot blot method allowing pre-screening of proteins expressed in cells in a high throughput manner. 相似文献8.
Study design
A prospective treatment study with a new brace was conducted Objective. To evaluate radiological and subjective clinical results after one year conservative brace treatment with pressure onto lordosis at the thoracolumbar joint in children with scoliosis and kyphosis.Summary of background data
Conservative brace treatment of adolescent scoliosis is not proven to be effective in terms of lasting correction. Conservative treatment in kyphotic deformities may lead to satisfactory correction. None of the brace or casting techniques is based on sagittal forces only applied at the thoracolumbar spine (TLI= thoracolumbar lordotic intervention). Previously we showed in patients with scoliosis after forced lordosis at the thoracolumbar spine a radiological instantaneous reduction in both coronal curves of double major scoliosis.Methods
A consecutive series of 91 children with adolescent scoliosis and kyphosis were treated with a modified symmetric 30 degrees Boston brace to ensure only forced lordosis at the thoracolumbar spine. Scoliosis was defined with a Cobb angle of at least one of the curves [greater than or equal to] 25 degrees and kyphosis with or without a curve <25 degrees in the coronal plane. Standing radiographs were made i) at start, ii) in brace at beginning and iii) after one year treatment without brace.Results
Before treatment start ??in brace?? radiographs showed a strong reduction of the Cobb angles in different curves in kyphosis and scoliosis groups (sagittal n = 5 all p < 0.001, pelvic obliquity p < 0.001). After one year of brace treatment in scoliosis and kyphosis group the measurements on radiographs made without brace revealed an improvement in 3 Cobb angles each.Conclusion
Conservative treatment using thoracolumbar lordotic intervention in scoliotic and kyphotic deformities in adolescence demonstrates a marked improvement after one year also in clinical and postural criteria. An effect not obtained with current brace techniques. 相似文献9.
GB virus B (GBV-B) is a hepatotropic virus that is closely related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). GBV-B causes acute hepatitis in infected marmosets and tamarins and is therefore a useful small-animal model for the study of HCV. We investigated virus-specific T-cell responses in marmosets infected with GBV-B. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay responses in the peripheral blood of two marmosets were assessed throughout the course of GBV-B infection. These T-cell responses were directed against the GBV-B nonstructural proteins 3 (NS3), 4A (NS4A), and 5B (NS5B), and their appearance was temporally associated with clearance of viremia. These marmosets were then rechallenged with GBV-B at least 3 months after clearance of the primary infection to determine if the animals were protected from reinfection. There was no detectable viremia following reinfection, although a sharp increase in T-cell responses against GBV-B proteins was observed. Epitope mapping of T-cell responses to GBV-B was performed with liver and blood samples from both marmosets after rechallenge with GBV-B. Three shared, immunodominant T-cell epitopes within NS3 were identified in animals with multiple common major histocompatibility complex class I alleles. IFN-gamma ELISPOT responses were also detected in the livers of two marmosets that had resolved a primary GBV-B infection. These responses were high in frequency and were directed against epitopes within GBV-B NS3, NS4A, and NS5B proteins. These results indicate that virus-specific T-cell responses are detectable in the liver and blood of GBV-B-infected marmosets and that the clearance of GBV-B is associated with the appearance of these responses. 相似文献
10.