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排序方式: 共有142条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
P F Woodall R I Mackie 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology》1987,87(2):311-314
1. The relative size of the digestive organs and the function of the caeca of an insectivorous elephant shrew Elephantulus myurus (Macroscelididae) and of a herbivorous rodent Aethomys namaquensis (Muridae) were compared. 2. Both species had similar body mass but A. namaquensis had a significantly heavier total digestive tract, full stomach, and caecum and a longer large intestine and caecum than E. myurus. 3. Both species had similar total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and VFA % composition although A. namaquensis had a significantly higher % of n-butyric acid. Both had a similar caecal NH3-N concentration. 4. The presence of a functional caecum in E. myurus supports the view that Macroscelididae have evolved from ancestral herbivores and not from insectivores. 相似文献
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The penis of elephant shrews (Mammalia: Macroscelididae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. F. Woodall 《Journal of Zoology》1995,237(3):399-410
The penis of elephant shrews is very long, extending cranially to near the sternum where it emerges from a small caudally-pointing prepuce. The distal half of the penis lies free in a sheath and is termed the glans. In most species the corpus cavernosum is the main vascular body and extends to the tip of the penis while the corpus spongiosum around the urethra becomes much reduced distally, but in Rhynchocyon all vascular bodies are small and most of the penis consists of connective tissue. The distal tip of the penis is elaborated into various shapes, characteristic for each genus as currently defined. These penile features have more similarities with soricids and paenungulates than with archontans and lagomorphs but they are likely to be primitive characters and so should be interpreted cautiously. 相似文献
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6.
The effect of the frequency of subcutaneous insulin-like growth factor-1 administration on weight gain in growth hormone deficient mice. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To ascertain the frequency of subcutaneous IGF-1 administration necessary to promote growth we examined the weight gain of male homozygous lit/lit mice in response to either sc. IGF-1 or bovine GH administration. Lit/lit mice showed a dose dependent response to treatment with GH. Bovine GH induced a response in body weight gain within 3 days of the start of treatment. Following a single subcutaneous injection of IGF-1, plasma IGF-1 levels were elevated for 4-6 hours. Three treatment schedules for IGF-1 were used (once daily, twice daily and four times daily), each employing the same total daily dose of IGF-1 (30 micrograms). With IGF-1 treatment, a significant effect on body weight gain was obtained when administered four times daily. The growth rate with IGF-1 treatment 6 hourly was similar to that observed following treatment with bGH (10 micrograms sc daily). Twelve hourly IGF-1 administration only had a significant effect on body weight gain when weight was measured in the evening. Lit/lit mice treated once daily with 30 micrograms IGF-1 had no weight gain response and became severely hypoglycaemic. Frequent subcutaneous IGF-1 administration is one approach to growth enhancement in GH deficiency; higher doses administered less frequently do not promote growth and may cause hypoglycaemia. 相似文献
7.
Don B. Destephano U. Eugene Brady Leesa B. Woodall 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1976,11(2):261-273
An active prostaglandin (PG) synthetase was found in the 12100 g pellet of reproductive tract homogenates of the male house cricket, . Comparatively, the 12100 g supernatant and the microsomal fractions were inactive. The PG synthetase in the pellet fraction was characterized in terms of cofactor, temperature, pH, and incubation time requirements. Indomethacin, a known inhibitor of mammalian PG synthetase, was not inhibitory to the cricket synthetase. The procedure and findings are relevant to PG synthetase studies of any organism or tissue. 相似文献
8.
Mark Clendenning Joanne P. Young Michael D. Walsh Sonja Woodall Julie Arnold Mark Jenkins Aung Ko Win John L. Hopper Kevin Sweet Steven Gallinger Christophe Rosty Susan Parry Daniel D. Buchanan 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Background
Recent reports have observed that individuals with serrated polyps, some of whom meet the clinical diagnostic criteria for Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS), are among those who carry germline mutations in genes associated with polyposis syndromes including; (1) genes known to underlie hamartomatous polyposes (SMAD4, BMPR1A, and PTEN), (2) MUTYH-associated polyposis and (3) GREM1 in Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome (HMPS). The aim of this study was to characterise individuals fulfilling the current WHO criteria for SPS for germline mutations in these polyposis-associated genes.Methods
A total of 65 individuals with SPS (fulfilling WHO criteria 1 or 3), were recruited to the Genetics of Serrated Neoplasia study between 2000 and 2012, through multiple Genetics or Family Cancer Clinics within Australia, or from the New Zealand Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Service. Individuals with SPS were tested for coding mutations and large deletions in the PTEN, SMAD4, and BMPR1A genes, for the MUTYH variants in exons 7 (Y179C) and 13 (G396D), and for the duplication upstream of GREM1.Results
We found no variants that were likely to be deleterious germline mutations in the SPS cases in the PTEN, SMAD4, and BMPR1A genes. A novel variant in intron 2 (c.164+223T>C) of PTEN was identified in one individual and was predicted by in silico analysis to have no functional consequences. One further individual with SPS was found to be mono-allelic for the MUTYH G396D mutation. No individuals carried the recently reported duplication within GREM1.Conclusions
Genes involved in the gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis, Hereditary Mixed Polyposis Syndrome and MUTYH-associated polyposis syndromes are not commonly altered in individuals with SPS. 相似文献9.
Che-Ying Kuo Mariya Shevchuk Justin Opfermann Ting Guo Marco Santoro John P. Fisher Peter CW Kim 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2019,116(1):181-192
Trophoblast invasion and remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries are required for pregnancy success. Aberrant endothelium–trophoblast crosstalk may lead to preeclampsia, a pregnancy complication that has serious effects on both the mother and the baby. However, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in this pathology remains elementary because the current in vitro models cannot describe trophoblast–endothelium interactions under dynamic culture. In this study, we developed a dynamic three-dimensional (3D) placenta model by bioprinting trophoblasts and an endothelialized lumen in a perfusion bioreactor. We found the 3D printed perfusion bioreactor system significantly augmented responses of endothelial cells by encouraging network formations and expressions of angiogenic markers, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Bioprinting favored colocalization of trophoblasts with endothelial cells, similar to in vivo observations. Additional analysis revealed that trophoblasts reduced the angiogenic responses by reducing network formation and motility rates while inducing apoptosis of endothelial cells. Moreover, the presence of endothelial cells appeared to inhibit trophoblast invasion rates. These results clearly demonstrated the utility and potential of bioprinting and perfusion bioreactor system to model trophoblast–endothelium interactions in vitro. Our bioprinted placenta model represents a crucial step to develop advanced research approach that will expand our understanding and treatment options of preeclampsia and other pregnancy-related pathologies. 相似文献
10.
Photoinhibition, as measured by the dark-adapted chlorophyll
a fluorescence ratio
Fv/Fm, was assessed in
Syzygium moorei, a species with dark green juvenile
leaves, Syzygium corynanthum, which has light green
juvenile leaves, and two species with pink-red juvenile leaves
(Syzygium wilsonii and Syzygium
luehmannii). All plants were glasshouse-grown (maximum
PPFD 1500 mol
m-2 s-1) under optimum
nutrition and water.When measured at midday, dark-adapted
Fv/Fm ratios of juvenile leaves
gradually increased in all species as percentage of full leaf expansion (%
FLE) increased. Fluorescence measurement 3h after
sunset or pre-dawn also showed a developmental effect on
Fv/Fm, with juvenile leaves of
S. luehmannii and S. wilsonii
showing much lower Fv/Fm at all
stages of development. Dark-adapted
Fv/Fm, values in both juvenile
and mature leaves generally never exceeded 0.8 at any stage in any of the
species.Courses of Fv/Fm on sunny
days showed greater diurnal photoinhibition in green juvenile
(c. 50% FLE) leaves of
S. moorei (24%) and S.
corynanthum (36%) than in mature leaves of the previous flush in
these species (<10%). Diurnal photoinhibition was statistically
similar (18-24%) in pink-red juvenile and green mature leaves of
S. luehmannii and S. wilsonii.
Re-positioning juvenile leaves of S. wilsonii
horizontally increased diurnal photoinhibition.Exposure of leaves to a
standard mild photoinhibitory light treatment (30 min at 1000 mol
m-2s-1) showed that juvenile
leaves of all species had a lower percentage of high energy state quenching
(qE) and a higher percentage of photoinhibitory
quenching (qI) than mature
leaves. 相似文献