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1.
In vivo EMG biofeedback was found to be an effective pedagogical tool for removing unwanted left-hand tension in nine violin and viola players. Improvement occurred rapidly and persisted throughout a 5-month follow-up period. Further studies will be necessary to assess the effect of biofeedback independent of placebo effects. The brevity of the method and the magnitude of improvement warrant further investigation. 相似文献
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The ability to metabolically label proteins with 35S-methionine is critical for the analysis of protein synthesis and turnover. Despite the importance of this approach, however, efficient labeling of proteins in vivo is often limited by a low number of available methionine residues, or by deleterious side-effects associated with protein overexpression. To overcome these limitations, we have created a methionine-rich variant of the widely used HA tag, called HAM, for use with ectopically expressed proteins. Here we describe the development of a series of vectors, and corresponding antisera, for the expression and detection of HAM-tagged proteins in mammalian cells. We show that the HAM tag dramatically improves the sensitivity of 35S-methionine labeling, and permits the analysis of Myc oncoprotein turnover even when HAM-tagged Myc is expressed at levels comparable to that of the endogenous protein. Because of the improved sensitivity provided by the HAM tag, the vectors and antisera described here should be useful for the analysis of protein synthesis and destruction at physiological levels of protein expression. 相似文献
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HIF-1 expression in healing wounds: HIF-1alpha induction in primary inflammatory cells by TNF-alpha 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
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Tuberculate mycorrhizae on Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) have previously been shown to reduce acetylene, but an outstanding question has been to what degree these structures could meet the nitrogen requirements of the tree. We compared the growth, tissue nitrogen contents, and stable nitrogen isotope ratios of P. contorta growing in gravel pits to the same species growing on adjacent intact soil. Trees growing in severely nitrogen deficient gravel pits had virtually identical growth rates and tissue nitrogen contents to those growing on intact soil that had nitrogen levels typical for the area. δ15N values for trees in the gravel pits were substantially lower than δ15N values for trees on intact soil, and isotope ratios in vegetation were lower than the isotope ratios of the soil. The form of soil nitrogen in the gravel pits was almost exclusively nitrate, while ammonium predominated in the intact soil. Discrimination against 15N during plant uptake of soil nitrate in the highly N-deficient soil should be weak or nonexistent. Therefore, the low δ15N in the gravel pit trees suggests that trees growing in gravel pits were using another nitrogen source in addition to the soil. Precipitation-borne nitrogen in the study area is extremely low. In conjunction with our other work, these findings strongly suggests that P. contorta and its microbial symbionts or associates fix nitrogen in sufficient amounts to sustain vigorous tree growth on the most nitrogen-deficient soils. 相似文献
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In C4 plants phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) of the C4 cycle may betransported on a chloroplast transporter which also transports3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) and triosephosphates. In C3 plantsPEP is not considered to be effectively transported on the chloroplastphosphate translocator. The influences of certain organic phosphates,having a similar structure to either PEP or triose-phosphates,on 3-PGA dependent O2 evolution by C4 (Digitaria sanquinalisL. Scop.) and C3 (Hordeum vulgare L.) mesophyll chloroplastswere investigated. In the C4 mesophyll chloroplasts phosphoglycolatewas a competitive inhibitor (Ki = 2.1 mM) of 3-PGA dependentO2 evolution, and was as effective as previously reported forPEP. 2-Phosphoglycerate was also a competitive inhibitor (Kt= 8.6 mM) of O2 evolution in the C4 mesophyll chloroplasts with3-PGA as substrate, while phospholactate was a weak inhibitorand glyphosate had no effect. Neither PEP, phosphoglycolatenor 2-phosphoglycerate were effective inhibitors of 3- PGA dependentO2 evolution in the C3 chloroplasts. Phosphohydroxypyruvatewas a competitive inhibitor of 3-PGA dependent O22 evolutionin both chloroplast types. The selectivity in inhibition ofO2 evolution with 3-PGA as substrate suggests that the C4 mesophyllchloroplasts can recognize certain organic phosphates with thephosphate in the C-2 or C-3 position but that the C4 mesophyllchloroplasts can only effectively recognize certain organicphosphates with the phosphate in the C-3 position. The resultsalso support the view that 3-PGA and PEP are transported onthe same phosphate translocator in C4 mesophyll chloroplasts.
1 Current address: Department of Horticulture, 2001 Fyffe Court,The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1096. (Received March 24, 1987; Accepted April 16, 1987) 相似文献
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William Russell 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1985,290(6485):1914