Cryopreservation is a valuable tool that could potentially create an alternate plant preservation strategy for species at risk such as Hill’s thistle. The present study is focused on a successful paradigm involving conservation, propagation and redistribution (CPR), emaphasizing the usefulness of cryopreservation techniques for plant conservation using Hill’s thistle (Cirsium hillii. (Canby) Fernald). A cryopreservation protocol was established using the droplet-vitrification method for 5-week-old shoot tips of in vitro grown cultures. More than 90% of shoot tips showed regrowth and nearly all regenerated plants were able to survive in the greenhouse. The survival, growth, and development of plants from cryopreserved shoot buds and their performance in field conditions were all comparable or better than the plants from non-cryopreserved buds. Reintroduced plants flowered following overwintering and the magnitude of flowering was site dependent with ca. 80% flowering observed in one site. The site dependent flowering patterns were assessed using phytohormone profiling and compared to herbivory, a common biotic stressor of these plants. Lower tryptophan concentrations led to higher flowering except in alvars, where the limestone resisted root penetration resulting in poor flowering. The presence of tryptamine in the greenhouse acclimatized or alvar field leaves suggested the preparedness of the plants for herbivory/grazing. Serotonin and melatonin concentrations were lower in flowering plants and in sites where the biotic/abiotic stress was minimal. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of the CPR model in species recovery programs for endangered species. Physiological characterization of plants developed from cryopreserved tissues can be useful for fundamental and applied research in stress adaptation and reproductive biology of plants.
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute an important multifunctional enzyme family that plays vital roles in cellular detoxification and protecting organisms against oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we isolated a GST-like gene from Apis cerana cerana (AccGSTL) and investigated its antioxidant functions under stress conditions. We found that AccGSTL belongs to the Sigma class of GSTs. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses showed that the mRNA and protein levels of AccGSTL were altered in response to oxidative stress caused by various external stimuli. In addition, a heterologous expression analysis showed that AccGSTL overexpression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells enhanced resistance to oxidative stress. After AccGSTL silencing with RNA interference (RNAi) technology, the expression of some antioxidant genes was inhibited, and the enzymatic activities of POD, CAT, and SOD were decreased. In conclusion, these data suggest that AccGSTL may be involved in antioxidant defense under adverse conditions in A. cerana cerana.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12192-022-01255-3. 相似文献
Pathogenic bacteria produce a wide variety of virulence factors that are considered to be potential antibiotic targets. In this study, we report the crystal structure of a novel S. pneumoniae virulence factor, GHIP, which is a streptococcus-specific glycosyl hydrolase. This novel structure exhibits an α/β-barrel fold that slightly differs from other characterized hydrolases. The GHIP active site, located at the negatively charged groove in the barrel, is very similar to the active site in known peptidoglycan hydrolases. Functionally, GHIP exhibited weak enzymatic activity to hydrolyze the PNP-(GlcNAc)5 peptidoglycan by the general acid/base catalytic mechanism. Animal experiments demonstrated a marked attenuation of S. pneumoniae-mediated virulence in mice infected by ΔGHIP-deficient strains, suggesting that GHIP functions as a novel S. pneumoniae virulence factor. Furthermore, GHIP participates in allowing S. pneumoniae to colonize the nasopharynx and invade host epithelial cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that GHIP can potentially serve as an antibiotic target to effectively treat streptococcus-mediated infection. 相似文献
Mycopathologia - To observe clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of fungal keratitis caused by Verticillium dahliae. Clinical data of 7 patients diagnosed as fungal keratitis... 相似文献