一种免受乙醇干扰的GOD的酶电极

将酶电极应用于发酵糖的测定时。与糖共存的乙醇常常会影响测糖的准确性,通过对葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)电极的研究,探讨了乙醇对测糖酶电极测定影响,进而研制出抗干扰的GOD酶电极,若是GOD电极的酶膜通过夹心法制备．在乙醇含量为0．1％(V／V)时·即产生显著的影响,使测定结果偏大4．3%,且乙醇的影响随浓度的升高而增大,若用尼龙网固定GOD膜,GOD电极在测定20mmol／L和5mm01／L左右的葡萄糖溶液时,含量高达9％的乙醇仍未对测定产生显著的影响．表现出良好的不受乙醇干扰的特性,并且,该尼龙网GOD电极具有良好的重复性、稳定的响应活性及较长的保存期．     

城市化区域生态风险驱动力及管控策略——以北京市为例

快速城市化导致城市及周边区域生态风险不断增加,认知城市化区域生态风险,探究其变化的驱动因素,提出行之有效的风险管控策略,对城市化区域生态环境与社会经济协调发展具有重要意义。以北京市为例,基于生态系统服务对生态风险进行了定量表征,分析了城市化因素对生态风险的驱动作用,探究了生态风险管控策略。研究结果表明：不透水地表扩张、经济增长、人口增长均对生态风险有显著的驱动作用,其中不透水地表扩张的驱动作用占主导地位。经济增长和人口增长通过影响不透水地表率间接作用于生态风险,在2005年时,人口密度对生态风险的驱动作用大于GDP强度,在2010年及之后,GDP强度对生态风险的驱动作用则变得比人口密度的驱动作用更大。北京市的生态风险管控策略为：在不透水地表率介于40%—70%的区域降低不透水地表率和实施土地利用及景观格局优化;不透水地表率大于70%的区域应防止不透水地表进一步扩张;不透水地表率低于40%的区域需通过提升生态系统质量、强化风险防范、降低风险暴露等途径来管控风险。此外,应通过提高海淀、昌平、通州、顺义等辖区的人口和经济城市化集约水平来降低生态风险。本研究阐明了城市化对区域生态风险的驱动作用...     

Proline Metabolism in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Proline plays a multifaceted role in protein synthesis, redox balance, cell fate regulation, brain development, and other cellular and physiological processes. Here, we focus our review on proline metabolism in neurons, highlighting the role of dysregulated proline metabolism in neuronal dysfunction and consequently neurological and psychiatric disorders. We will discuss the association between genetic and protein function of enzymes in the proline pathway and the development of neurological and psychiatric disorders. We will conclude with a potential mechanism of proline metabolism in neuronal function and mental health.     

土壤水分和氮添加对华北平原高产农田有机碳矿化的影响

通过105 d的恒温(25℃)控湿室内培养方法,探讨了华北平原高产粮田土壤有机碳矿化特征以及水分和有机、无机氮输入对其影响。试验设4个肥料添加水平和4个水分梯度,分别为对照(S0)、仅添加无机氮(尿素)(S1)、无机氮和有机氮(鸡粪)配施(S2)以及仅添加有机氮(S3)和25%(田间持水量;M0)、50%(M1)、75%(M2)和100%(M3)共16个处理,每处理3次重复。结果表明,各处理有机碳矿化速率均在培养后1 d达第1高峰,之后直线下降,培养7 d时下降幅度达57.2%—75.0%,培养20—30 d时出现第2高峰。有机碳累积矿化量有208.8—1161 mg/kg,主要集中在前30 d,可占整个培养期的59.1%—69.9%,105 d的净矿化率为0.07%—2.01%。根据双指数方程模拟结果,研究了土壤潜在矿化碳库(C1+C2),其中活性碳库(C1)和惰性碳库(C2)分别为53.0—135.1 mg/kg和156.9—1069 mg/kg,潜在矿化率为1.75%—9.66%。土壤含水量显著影响有机碳矿化,且与潜在矿化碳库呈二次函数关系(P0.05)。田间持水量25%—100%范围内,随着土壤含水量的升高,有机碳矿化速率呈增加趋势,但增幅降低,其中M2(田间持水量75%)的有机碳净矿化率最高。有机碳矿化量与土壤微生物碳和矿质氮含量呈线性正相关(P0.05),保持氮水平(200 kg N/hm2)相同,有机氮(鸡粪)和无机氮(尿素)均显著促进土壤有机碳矿化,但两者间差异不显著(P0.05),且有机氮和无机氮对有机碳矿化的影响均与土壤含水量有显著交互作用(P0.05)。     

MiR‐616‐3p modulates cell proliferation and migration through targeting tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 in preeclampsia

Objectives

Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, preeclampsia (PE) continues to pose a significant risk of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality if not addressed promptly. An increasing number of studies have suggested that tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) acts as a suppressor gene, possibly inhibiting multiple serine proteases affecting cell proliferation and migration. It plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of PE, but the pathogenesis remains unclear.

Materials and methods

In our research, we performed western blotting, immunohistochemistry and qPCR assays to investigate TFPI2 and miR‐616‐3p expression in preeclamptic placental tissues. Cell assays were performed in HTR‐8/SVneo and JEG3 cell lines. Cell proliferation and migration events were investigated by MTT, EdU and transwell assays. In conjunction with bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays were performed to elucidate the mechanism by which miR‐616‐3p binds to TFPI2 mRNA.

Results

We established that TFPI2 protein levels were significantly upregulated in PE placental tissues. In addition, we found that miR‐616‐3p binds specifically to the 3′‐UTR region of TFPI2 mRNA. Furthermore, miR‐616‐3p knockdown or TFPI2 overexpression substantially impaired cell growth and migration, whereas miR‐616‐3p upregulation or TFPI2 knockdown stimulated cell proliferation and migration. This miR‐616‐3p / TFPI2 axis was also found to affect the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process in PE.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated that TFPI2 plays a vital role in the progression of PE and might provide a prospective therapeutic strategy to mitigate the severity of the disorder.

     

蛋白质组学及其在农业上的应用

论述了蛋白质组学与基因组学的关系,蛋白质组学的定义、功能、分类及其三大主要技术.详细评述了蛋白质组学技术在农业科学研究中的应用,如叶绿体蛋白质组,农作物与细菌的共生现象、植物叶绿体蛋白质组,作物抗旱性和雄性不育性等.最后展望了蛋白质组学这一生命科学中最新方法在农业科学中的应用前景.     

异丙甲草胺及其高效体对潮土微生物的影响Ⅱ.土壤呼吸

研究了0、5、20和100 mg·kg^-1浓度的异丙甲草胺及其高效体金都尔对土壤微生物呼吸的影响.结果表明,5 mg·kg^-1异丙甲草胺对土壤呼吸的激活程度大于同浓度的金都尔,后期异丙甲草胺起抑制作用,而金都尔则一直处于激发和恢复状态;20 mg·kg^-1金都尔对土壤呼吸的影响不大,而异丙甲草胺具有激发作用;100 mg·kg^-1异丙甲草胺对土壤呼吸的激活程度大于同浓度的金都尔,后期二者的抑制程度大致相同;异丙甲草胺或金都尔的浓度越大,对土壤呼吸强度的激活越显著.DMRT法检验表明,在初期各处理与对照间的呼吸强度都存在显著差异,后期则差异不显著.20和100 mg·kg^-1异丙甲草胺对土壤微生物的危害大于同浓度的金都尔.异丙甲草胺和金都尔为低毒或无实际危害的农药,对土壤微生物的危害较小.     

Enhanced antitumor effects of tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cells by their transfection with GM-CSF gene

To investigate the biological characterization and antitumor activitites of GM-CSF gene-transfected dendritic cells, the splenic dendritic cells were infected with GM-CSF recombinant replication-deficient adenoviruses in vitro . Their enhanced expression of B7 was demonstrated by FACS analysis, and more potent stimulatory activity was confirmed by allogeneic MLR. Immunization of dendritic cells pulsed with irradiated B16 melanoma cells induced sig-nificant CTL and enabled host to resist the challenge of wild-type B16 cells. When they were transfected with GM-CSF gene subsequently, the induced CTL activity was higher, and the produced protection against B16 cell challenge and therapeutic effect on the mice with preestablished pulmonary melastases more effective. These data suggest that the dendritic cells pulsed with tumor antigen then transfected with GM-CSF gene can be used as an effective vaccine in tumor immunotherapy.     

Isolation and antioxidant property of the extracellular polysaccharide from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhodella reticulata</Emphasis>

The extracellular polysaccharide from Rhodella reticulata was separated from the culture medium followed by concentration and ethanol precipitation, and purified by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow. This study compared the free radical-scavenging property and antioxidant activity with various treatments of crude extracellular polysaccharides of R. reticulata. The results showed that both the crude extracellular polysaccharide and deproteinized crude extracellular polysaccharide gave evidence of the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. The crude extracellular polysaccharide exhibited higher free radical scavenging capacity and better antioxidant activity than the various treatments of crude extracellular polysaccharide samples. The superoxide anion radical scavenging ability of various samples was significantly higher compared to standard antioxidant (α-tocopherol). These results indicate that the extracellular polysaccharide of R. reticulata is a potent natural antioxidant.     

Diagnostic Evaluation of Des-Gamma-Carboxy Prothrombin versus α-Fetoprotein for Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in China: A Large-Scale,Multicentre Study

An efficient serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently lacking and requires intensive exploration. We aimed to evaluate the performance of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for identifying hepatitis B virus-related HCC in a large, multicentre study in China. A total of 1034 subjects in three cohorts (A, B, and C) including HCC and various non-HCC controls were enrolled from 4 academic medical centers in China from January 2011 to February 2014. Blind parallel detections were conducted for DCP and AFP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies. In cohort A, which comprised 521 subjects, including patients with HCC, liver metastasis, liver cirrhosis (LC), and liver hemangiomas as well as healthy controls (HCs), the accuracy of DCP for distinguishing HCC from various controls was 6.2–9.7% higher than that of AFP. In cohort B, which comprised 447 subjects, including patients with HCC, LC, and chronic hepatitis B as well as HC, the accuracy of DCP was further elevated (12.3–20.67% higher than that of AFP). The superiority of DCP to AFP was more profound in the surveillance of early HCC [AUC 0.837 (95% CI: 0.771–0.903) vs. 0.650 (0.555–0.745)] and AFP-negative HCC [AUC: 0.856 (0.798–0.914)] and in discriminating HCC from LC (accuracy: 92.9% vs.64.71%). Higher DCP levels were associated with worse clinical behaviors and shorter disease-free survival. DCP not only is complementary to AFP in identifying AFP-negative HCC and in excluding AFP-positive non-HCC (liver cirrhosis), but also demonstrates improved performance in HCC surveillance, early diagnosis, treatment response and recurrence monitoring in the HBV-related population.