In-situ localization of chalcone synthase mRNA in pea root nodule development

In this paper studies on the role of flavonoids in pea root nodule development are reported. Flavonoid synthesis was followed by localizing chalcone synthase (CHS) mRNA in infected pea roots and in root nodules. In a nodule primordium, CHS mRNA is present in all cells of the primordium. Therefore it is hypothesized that the Rhizobium Nod factor induces cell division in the root cortex by stimulating the production of flavonoids that function as auxin transport inhibitors. In nodules CHS mRNA is predominantly present in a region at the apex of the nodule consisting of meristematic and cortical cells. These cells are not infected by Rhizobium. Therefore it is postulated that CHS plays a role in nodule development rather than in a defence response. In roots CHS mRNA is located at a similar position as in nodules, suggesting that CHS has the same function in both root and nodule development. When nodules are formed by mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae that are unable to secrete β(1-2) glucan and to synthesize the O-antigen containing LPS I, CHS genes are also expressed in regions of the nodule that are infected by Rhizobium. It is postulated that the impaired development of nodules formed by these mutants is due to an induction of a plant defence response.     

可产酸快生小菌的分离鉴定

目的：鉴定在实验过程中分离到的一株生长快速,并且可以将L-山梨糖转化为2-酮基-L-古龙酸的菌株。方法：将快生小菌传代,并进行产酸、抗菌谱、山梨糖脱氢酶活性等分析,通过PCR方法扩增并分析16S rDNA。结果：在传代过程中还分离得到了不产酸菌株;从快生小菌中扩增得到了普通酮古龙酸菌16S rDNA;从产酸菌中能够扩增得到包含酮古龙酸菌和乙酸钙不动杆菌的16S rDNA序列;在不产酸菌中只检测到乙酸钙不动杆菌的16S rDNA序列。结论：产酸的快生小菌可能是普通酮古龙酸菌和乙酸钙不动杆菌形成的融合细胞,这种融合细胞基因组表现为很不稳定,普通酮古龙酸菌基因组容易丢失,且丢失后也失去了产酸能力。     

稀土-落叶松单宁配合物的合成及抗真菌活性研究

以稀土(Re~(3+))和落叶松单宁(LT)为原料,采用液相合成法合成了5种廉价的稀土-落叶松单宁(Re~(3+)-LT)配合物,并通过红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、紫外光谱以及配位数测定确定了配合物的结构.采用牛津杯法、琼脂稀释法测定配合物对黑曲霉、红曲霉、白腐菌、毛霉4种真菌的抑制作用.在抑菌方面,5种配合物对上述4种真菌均具有较强的抑制作用,其抑菌活性大小顺序为Ce~(3+)-LTGd~(3+)-LTLa~(3+)-LTNd~(3+)-LTYb~(3+)-LT,其中Ce~(3+)-LT对4种真菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为:1.6、1.6、0.8和1.6 g·L~(-1);Yb~(3+)-LT对4种真菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为:3.2、1.6、3.2和3.2 g·L~(-1).在杀菌方面,Yb~(3+)-LT的杀菌活性最强,其对4种真菌的最小杀菌浓度分别为:6.4、3.2、3.2和6.4 g·L~(-1).此外,尽管Nd~(3+)-LT和Gd~(3+)-LT具有较强的抑菌活性,但对黑曲霉和毛霉的杀菌作用较弱.     

突触小体相关蛋白SNAP25的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

目的:克隆突触小体相关蛋白(SNAP25)基因,原核表达、纯化并鉴定SNAP25蛋白。方法:PCR扩增SNAP25基因,克隆至表达质粒pTIG-Trx,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,Ni2+-NTA亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析肉毒神经毒素BoNT/A轻链对该蛋白的裂解情况。结果:构建了pTIG-SNAP25表达质粒,经IPTG诱导表达,目的蛋白占全菌蛋白的26.2%,表达形式为可溶性表达,表达量达115.4mg/L,纯化后蛋白纯度达95%以上;经SDS-PAGE及Western印迹分析,SNAP25蛋白可被BoNT/A轻链特异降解。结论:克隆了SNAP25基因,在原核系统中表达、纯化并鉴定了重组SNAP25蛋白。     

山梨醇脱氢酶的克隆、表达及活性检测

目的:从氧化葡糖杆菌H24中克隆山梨醇脱氢酶基因进行表达并检测其活性。方法:以氧化葡糖杆菌H24基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增包括启动子、结构基因及其后的终止序列在内的山梨醇脱氢酶基因;将PCR产物插入pMD18T载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α;通过活性电泳检测山梨醇脱氢酶在大肠杆菌中的表达及活性。结果:从氧化葡糖杆菌H24中扩增得到山梨醇脱氢酶基因并在大肠杆菌中实现表达,重组菌株经活性电泳检测具有醇糖转化活性。结论:原核表达的山梨醇脱氢酶具有很强的醇糖转化活性。     

甲基营养菌MP688萄糖脱氢酶基因分离鉴定及性质研究

目的：鉴定甲基营养菌MP688中的葡萄糖脱氢酶基因。方法：对甲基营养菌MP688基因组序列进行比对和分析,找到与已知细菌葡萄糖脱氢酶同源性最高的基因序列mpq_2164,且该基因所编码蛋白经分析具有跨膜结构域。设计51物扩增mpq_2164和缺失跨膜区域序列的s-mpq_2164,将PCR产物克隆到表达载雄pET-15b上,在大肠杆菌BL21中完成异源重组表达,然后通过组氨酸标签镍柱亲和层析纯化,采用DCIP法测定葡萄糖脱氢酶的活力。结果：分离了甲基营养菌MP688中的葡糖糖脱氢酶基因,并实现了s-mpq_2164的高效异源重组表达;MPQ2164的氯基酸序列与已知的葡萄糖脱氢酶相似性很低,但酶活测定结果表明S-MPQ-2164具有很高的葡糖糖脱氢酶活性。结论：MPQ_2164是-个依赖于吡咯喹啉醌的葡萄糖脱氢酶,去掉跨膜结构域有利于该蛋白的异源嘉{大,     

TICKET attracts pollen tubes and mediates reproductive isolation between relative species in Brassicaceae

In flowering plants, pollen tubes are attracted to the ovule by secreted peptides to release the sperm cells for double fertilization.This process is species-specific and acts as an important stage of reproductive isolation between species. Here we identified a cysteine-rich peptide TICKET2 in Arabidopsis thaliana and its orthologs in Arabidopsis lyrata and Capsella rebella that can attract the conspecific pollen tubes, but not the pollen tubes of relative species in Brassicaceae. Genetic knockout of the AtTICKET subclade compromised the pollen tube attraction efficiency. This study identified a new pollen tube attracting signal and shed light on the molecular basis of reproductive isolation.     

Long noncoding RNA MALAT-1 inhibits apoptosis and matrix metabolism disorder in interleukin-1β-induced inflammation in articular chondrocytes via the JNK signaling pathway

Proinflammatory cytokine such as interleukin (IL)-1β causes inflammation of articular cartilage. In this current study, we explored the chondroprotective effects of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT-1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and matrix metabolism in IL-1β-induced inflammation in articular chondrocytes. Articular chondrocytes from knee joints of normal rats were isolated and cultured, followed by identification through observation of toluidine blue and COL II immunocytochemical stainings. The proliferation of chondrocytes at passage 2 was detected by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The inflammatory chondrocytes induced by 10 ng/mL IL-1β were observed and identified by toluidine blue and COL II immunocytochemical stainings. pcDNA 3.1 and pcDNA-MALAT-1 were transfected in the chondrocytes. Ultrastructure of chondrocytes was observed by using a transmission electron microscope. The MTT assay was carried out to evaluate chondrocyte viability. Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry were adopted to assess chondrocyte apoptosis. The chondrocytes at passage 2 with the biological characteristics of chondrocytes were used for subsequent experiments. In IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, the growth rate of chondrocytes slowed down, the cells became narrow and long, the vacuoles were seen in the cells, and the morphology of the chondrocytes was irregular. The toluidine blue staining and the immunohistochemical staining of COL II became weaker. In response to IL-1β induction, articular chondrocytes showed reduced MALAT-1 expression; moreover, obvious cartilage injury was observed with decreased chondrocyte viability and Col II expression and elevated chondrocyte apoptosis, MMP-13 expression, and p-JNK expression. With the treatment of pcDNA-MALAT-1, the cartilage injury was alleviated with increased chondrocyte viability and type II collagen (Col II) expression and reduced chondrocyte apoptosis, MMP-13 expression and p-JNK expression. Taken together these results, lncRNA MALAT-1 blocked the activation of the JNK signaling pathway; thereby, IL-1β-induced inflammation in articular chondrocytes was reduced with enhanced chondrocyte proliferation and suppressed chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation.     

我国荔枝上的一种新害虫

本文简要记述了在广东省廉江市荔枝上发现的一种新害虫——榕树粉蚧Pseudococcus baliteus Lit的形态特征、寄主和分布.这是榕树粉蚧在中国的首次纪录.