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排序方式: 共有259条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Gabi Wegmann Regula Huber Else Zanolla Hans M. Eppenberger Theo Wallimann 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1991,46(2):77-87
The expression and the cellular- as well as subcellular-distribution of brain-type B-CK and mitochondrial Mi-CK during development of the chicken retina was studied by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and immunogold methods. B-CK expression and accumulation in retina was high from early stages of embryonic development on, decreased slightly around hatching and remained high again during adulthood. At early stages of development (days 2-5), B-CK was more or less evenly distributed over the entire retina with the exception of ganglion cells, which were stained more strongly for B-CK than other retinal precursor cells. Then, at around day 10, the beginning of stratified immunostaining by anti-B-CK antibody was noted concomitant with progressing differentiation. Finally, a dramatic increase in staining of the differentiating photoreceptor cells was seen before hatching (day 18) with weaker staining of other cell types. At hatching, as in the adult state, most of the B-CK was localized within rods and cones. Thus, during retinal development marked changes in the immunostaining pattern for B-CK were evident. By contrast, Mi-CK expression was low during development in ovo and rose just before hatching with a predominant accumulation of this isoenzyme within the ellipsoid portion of the inner photoreceptor cell segments. Mi-CK accumulation in the retina coincided with functional maturation of photoreceptors and therefore represents a good marker for terminal differentiation of these cells. B-CK, present from early stages of retina development, seems to be relevant for the energetics of retinal cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, whereas the simultaneous expression of both B- and Mi-CK around the time of hatching indicates a coordinated function of the two CK isoforms as constituents of a PCr-circuit involved in the energetics of vision, which, in autophagous birds, has to be operational at this point in time. 相似文献
3.
Distinct tissue specific mitochondrial creatine kinases from chicken brain and striated muscle with a conserved CK framework 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
4.
Characterization of murine decidual natural killer (NK) cells and their relevance to the success of pregnancy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The identification of lytic cells in 6.5-day to 9.5-day murine decidua as NK cells has been extended. The cells with natural killer (NK) activity in early decidua were nonphagocytic and heterogeneous in size as assessed by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. The numbers of lytic cells were reduced by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 in vivo and they were absent from the decidua of bg/bg mice. Thus, decidual NK cells were not distinct from NK cells in other tissues. The decline in the levels of decidual NK activity as pregnancy progressed was attributed to their regulation by other cells present in decidua by midgestation. The development of NK activity in decidua was dependent upon the presence of an embryo, however, decidual NK cells were not essential for successful pregnancy because viable offspring were obtained from mice lacking decidual NK activity. It was shown that NK cells from either spleen or decidua were unlikely to cause damage to embryos during the first half of pregnancy as freshly dissociated 9.5- and 11.5-day embryonic cells resisted NK lysis. Furthermore, blastocysts were not damaged by coincubation with splenic or decidual NK cells and were viable upon subsequent embryo transfer. These studies indicate that decidual NK cells are not essential for successful pregnancy and are not necessarily detrimental to early embryos. It is suggested that decidual NK cells may play other nonimmunological roles during embryonic development. 相似文献
5.
The human alpha-fetoprotein gene. Sequence organization and the 5' flanking region 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
M Sakai T Morinaga Y Urano K Watanabe T G Wegmann T Tamaoki 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1985,260(8):5055-5060
The human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene was isolated into three overlapping clones in bacteriophage lambda vectors and its sequence organization analyzed by restriction endonuclease mapping and nucleotide sequencing. The human AFP gene is about 20 kilobase pairs long and contains 15 exons and 14 introns. The overall organization of the human AFP gene is similar to that of the mouse AFP gene, with all but two exons showing identical sizes. Nucleotide sequences at all exon/intron junctions display similarity to the consensus boundary sequence (Breathnach, R., and Chambon, P. (1981) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50, 349-383), with the GT-AG rule applied to the splicing point. The cap site maps 44 nucleotides upstream from the translation initiation site. The "TATA box" is located 27 nucleotides upstream from the putative cap site and is flanked by sequences with dyad symmetry. The TATA box can thus be placed in the loop portion of a possible stem-loop structure formed by intrastrand base-pairing. Other characteristic nucleotide sequences in the 5' flanking region include a CCAAC pentamer, a 14-base pair (bp) enhancer-like sequence, and a 9-bp sequence homologous to the glucocorticoid responsive element. A long (90 bp) direct repeat and several alternating purine/pyrimidine sequences are also present in the 5' flanking region. A 736-bp sequence of the 5' flanking region adjacent to the cap site of the human AFP gene shows a 61% similarity with the corresponding region of the mouse AFP gene. There are two Alu family sequences and two poly(dT-dG) repeats in the human AFP gene that show different distribution patterns from those in the mouse AFP gene. 相似文献
6.
Subcellular localization of creatine kinase in Torpedo electrocytes: association with acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
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T Wallimann D Walzth?ny G Wegmann H Moser H M Eppenberger F J Barrantes 《The Journal of cell biology》1985,100(4):1063-1072
Creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) has recently been identified as the intermediate isoelectric point species (pl 6.5-6.8) of the Mr 40,000-43,000 nonreceptor, peripheral v-proteins in Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes (Barrantes, F. J., G. Mieskes, and T. Wallimann, 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80: 5440-5444). In the present study, this finding is substantiated at the cellular and subcellular level of the T. marmorata electric organ by immunofluorescence and by protein A-gold labeling of either ultrathin cryosections of electrocytes or purified receptor-membrane vesicles that use subunit-specific anti-chicken creatine kinase antibodies. The muscle form of the kinase, on the one hand, is present throughout the entire T. marmorata electrocyte except in the nuclei. The brain form of the kinase, on the other hand, is predominantly located on the ventral, innervated face of the electrocyte, where it is closely associated with both surfaces of the postsynaptic membrane, and secondarily in the synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic terminal. Labeling of the noninnervated dorsal membrane is observed at the invaginated sac system. In the case of purified acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes, antibodies specific for chicken B-CK label only one face of the isolated vesicles. No immunoreaction is observed with anti-chicken M-CK antibodies. A discussion follows on the possible implications of these localizations of creatine kinase in connection with the function of the acetylcholine receptor at the postsynaptic membrane, the Na/K ATPase at the dorsal electrocyte membrane, and the ATP-dependent transmitter release at the nerve ending. 相似文献
7.
The use of C14-labelled substrate in histochemical demonstration of different forms of phosphorylase
Active and total phosphorylase activity, using labelled C14-glucose-1-phosphate as the substrate, is demonstrated by histoautoradiographic method. This method can demonstrate the polysaccharide
synthesizedin vitro by phosphorylase without intervention from the unlabelled pre-existing glycogen.
C14-glucose can not replace C14-glucose-1-phosphate as substrate.
The distribution of phosphorylase in tissue sections, except in cases of very low activity, is similar to that obtained by
customary dilute Lugol's iodine staining method. The relative difference of intensity between active and total phosphorylase,
as revealed by iodine staining, is also reflected by histoautoradiographic method.
Histoautoradiographic method has several advantages over the iodine staining method. This method is more sensitive for demonstration
of very low phosphorylase activity which may escape detection by iodine staining. Branching enzyme activity, especially when
it favors synthesis of glycogen type of polysaccharide instead of amylopectin type, can be better detected by this method.
Active phosphorylase substrate medium can be used to demonstrate this activity in plant tissues, where the presence of pre-existing
starch often prohibits the use of iodine staining method.
Stripping film method for autoradiography is recommended for the study of this enzyme activity. 相似文献
8.
9.
A novel experimental method was developed which allows the determination of the threshold concentration of sucrose by use of a linear sucrose gradient in water. With this method a continuous tasting of the test-liquid is possible. A panel of 15 persons experienced in taste-testing was used. Three gradients of different steepness were applied: 0 to 1.5% (w/w) sucrose in 2 min (I), 3 min (II) and 4 min (III). The results of the new method were compared with those of the standard method (DIN). With gradients I and II we found values which were significantly higher than those of the standard method (I: 0.49% (w/w); II: 0.46% (w/w); DIN: 0.31% (w/w)), whereas with gradient III the same threshold value was found as with the DIN-Method (III: 0.32% (w/w)). 相似文献
10.
Jörg Müller Oliver Mitesser Marc W. Cadotte Fons van der Plas Akira S. Mori Christian Ammer Anne Chao Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Petr Baldrian Claus Bässler Peter Biedermann Simone Cesarz Alice Claßen Benjamin M. Delory Heike Feldhaar Andreas Fichtner Torsten Hothorn Claudia Kuenzer Marcell K. Peters Kerstin Pierick Thomas Schmitt Bernhard Schuldt Dominik Seidel Diana Six Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter Simon Thorn Goddert von Oheimb Martin Wegmann Wolfgang W. Weisser Nico Eisenhauer 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(6):1437-1450
Intensification of land use by humans has led to a homogenization of landscapes and decreasing resilience of ecosystems globally due to a loss of biodiversity, including the majority of forests. Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided compelling evidence for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem functions and services at the local (α-diversity) scale, but we largely lack empirical evidence on how the loss of between-patch β-diversity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality at the landscape scale (γ-diversity). Here, we present a novel concept and experimental framework for elucidating BEF patterns at α-, β-, and γ-scales in real landscapes at a forest management-relevant scale. We examine this framework using 22 temperate broadleaf production forests, dominated by Fagus sylvatica. In 11 of these forests, we manipulated the structure between forest patches by increasing variation in canopy cover and deadwood. We hypothesized that an increase in landscape heterogeneity would enhance the β-diversity of different trophic levels, as well as the β-functionality of various ecosystem functions. We will develop a new statistical framework for BEF studies extending across scales and incorporating biodiversity measures from taxonomic to functional to phylogenetic diversity using Hill numbers. We will further expand the Hill number concept to multifunctionality allowing the decomposition of γ-multifunctionality into α- and β-components. Combining this analytic framework with our experimental data will allow us to test how an increase in between patch heterogeneity affects biodiversity and multifunctionality across spatial scales and trophic levels to help inform and improve forest resilience under climate change. Such an integrative concept for biodiversity and functionality, including spatial scales and multiple aspects of diversity and multifunctionality as well as physical and environmental structure in forests, will go far beyond the current widely applied approach in forestry to increase resilience of future forests through the manipulation of tree species composition. 相似文献