褐藻寡糖生物法制备研究进展 *

褐藻寡糖(alginate oligosaccharides,AOS)是褐藻胶的降解产物,具有抗氧化、调节免疫、调节血脂、促进细胞生长等生理活性,应用范围广泛。现有的AOS 制备法主要分为物理法、化学法和生物法。介绍AOS的生物法制备包括酶解、微生物全细胞发酵和生物合成法,基因工程的应用在改造产褐藻胶裂解酶的菌株以提高生物法效率方面具有重要意义。此外,规模化的AOS生物法制备案例进行了科学引证,并展望了未来 AOS规模化制备的发展方向,以期为 AOS 的工业化制备和应用提供参考。     

Eutrophication of mountain lakes in Japan due to increasing deposition of anthropogenically produced dust

Atmospheric dust has wide-reaching effects, not only influencing climate conditions, but also ecosystems. The eastern region of the Asian continent is one of the largest emitters of dust in the world, and recent economic growth in the region has been accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic emissions. However, the effects of increased Asian dusts on aquatic ecosystems are not well understood. We examined fossil pigments and zooplankton remains from ²¹⁰Pb-dated sediments taken from high mountain lakes of Hourai-Numa and Hachiman-Numa, located in the Towada-Hachimantai National Park of Japan Islands, to uncover historical changes in the phyto- and zooplankton community over the past 100?years. Simultaneously, we measured the geochemical variables of TOC, TN, TP, ??¹³C, ??¹⁵N, and lead isotopes (²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁶Pb) in the sediments to identify environmental factors causing such changes. As a result, despite few anthropogenic activities in the watersheds, alpine lakes in Japan had increased algal and herbivore plankton biomasses by 3?C6 fold for recent years depending on the surrounding terrestrial vegetation and landscape conditions. Biological and biogeochemical proxies recorded from the lake sediments showed that this eutrophication occurred after the 1990s when P deposition increased as a result of atmospheric loading of dust transported from the Asian continent. The continued increase of anthropogenically produced dust may therefore impart damaging impacts on mountain ecosystems even if they are protected from direct anthropogenic disturbances.     

Paraquat-Induced Free Radical Reaction in Mouse Brain Microsomes

Paraquat has been implicated as an environmental toxin which may induce the syndrome of Parkinson's disease after exposure to this agent. However, the biochemical mechanism by which paraquat causes cell death and neurodegeneration has not been extensively studied. Paraquat was rapidly taken up by nerve terminals isolated from mouse cerebral cortices. It induced lipid peroxidation in a concentration dependent manner in the presence of NADPH and ferrous ion. The maximal stimulation effect was obtained at a paraquat concentration around 100 M and the K_mvalue for paraquat was 46.7 M. The lipid peroxidation required microsomal enzymes. Antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and promethazine significantly inhibited paraquat-induced lipid peroxidation. Due to its structural similarity to the pyridinium compound MPP⁺(N-methyl-4-phenyl pyridium ion), it may be taken up by dopamine neurons and cause lipid peroxidation and cell death resulting in the manifestation of Parkinsonian syndrome.     

不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系

以新疆天山南坡的巴音布鲁克高寒草地为对象, 研究了不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量的变化及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明: 随着海拔的升高, 高寒草原、高寒草原化草甸和高寒草甸的地下生物量逐渐增大, 二者呈极显著正相关( P<0.01 ).地下生物量从表层至底层逐渐递减,呈“T”形分布.高寒草原、高寒草原化草甸和高寒草甸0～10 cm土层的地下生物量分别占总地下生物量的68.1%、84.1%和86.7%.地下生物量与大气温度呈极显著负相关, 与相对湿度和土壤含水量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01 ), 而与有机质、速效氮和pH等无显著相关.     

贵州织金寒武系戈仲伍组钉形类骨片化石研究*

钉形类(nail-shaped)骨片化石是华南寒武纪早期地层中常见的一类具矿化骨骼的小壳化石。本文系统研究了贵州织金戈仲伍剖面寒武系戈仲伍组的钉形类骨片化石, 发现织金地区钉形类化石主要以织金钉类和疑似的寒武钉类为主, 共4属9种。相较于前人研究, 本文新发现了织金钉类: Zhijinites tumourifomis、Z. lubricus、Z. clavus, 和疑似的寒武钉类: ?Deiradoclavus sp.、?Cambroclavus sp.。排除埋藏学假象后, 分析了钉形类不同化石属种保存方式及形态结构, 发现Zhijinites的多数种都存在盘体顶面凹陷结构, 并且Zhijinites部分种的锥体内壁有收缩现象或具有十字交错纤维结构, 这些发现能较好地揭示出Zhijinites各形态种间的相似性和差异性。分析钉形化石时空分布特点发现, 目前钉形类骨片化石最早在织金地区有化石记录, 之后在扬子地台内部辐射扩散, 并几乎同时辐射扩散至邻近陆块。此外, 本文讨论的疑似寒武钉类化石时代可下延至寒武纪幸运期, 可能是目前该类化石在全球的最早记录, 为探索寒武钉类化石的系统演化和地层学意义提供了新信息。     

松辽盆地白垩纪微体生物群分布特征与富烃源岩层的形成

松辽盆地是我国白垩纪最大的陆相含油气盆地,晚白垩世两次大的湖侵事件导致了微体生物群的繁盛和富烃源岩层的形成。在论述松辽盆地白垩纪微体古生物群分布特征的基础上,着重阐述了以微体生物为核心的松花江生物群的发育与富烃源岩层形成的关系。认为大型富营养湖泊的发育为松花江生物群的繁盛创造了良好的外部条件,而湖盆内繁盛的微体生物群则为富烃源岩层的形成提供了丰厚的物质基础,与此同时,长期继承性深水构造凹陷和非补偿沉积则是富烃源岩层形成的有利场所。     

向日葵和马铃薯间作的生育期模拟模型

向日葵和马铃薯间作是我国北方农牧交错带的一种重要种植方式,准确模拟其间套作的发育时期对评价和优化间套作种植具有重要意义,以生理发育时间为基础建立了向日葵和马铃薯单作、间作的生育期模拟模型,并利用2010-2011年的大田试验数据对模型进行检验.结果表明:生育期模拟值与观测值的符合度较好,播种—出苗期、出苗—开花期、开花—成熟期和全生育期的均方差根(RMSE)分别为1.2、2.9、2.4和2.6d,误差＜5％.模型既有较强的机理性,又有较好的适用性,为探索间套作条件下作物的生长发育规律提供了良好工具.     

艾纳香油中抗炎成分的筛选及其对炎性因子的影响

为了寻找艾纳香油中的抗炎物质,并研究其对巨噬细胞炎性因子的影响,本文采用动物炎症模型筛选艾纳香油中具有抗炎活性的部分化合物,再检测目标化合物对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞中相关炎性因子的影响.发现艾纳香油中(-)-芳樟醇、反式-石竹烯抗炎活性最佳,且不同剂量的(-)-芳樟醇、反式-石竹烯均能抑制LTB4、PGE2、N...     

利用肠膜明串珠菌诱变株生产潘糖的研究

利用肠膜明串珠菌葡萄糖基转移酶 ,以蔗糖和麦芽糖作底物 ,将蔗糖的葡萄糖基转到麦芽糖上 ,生产低聚寡糖———潘糖。利用硫酸二乙酯作为诱变剂 ,对肠膜明串珠菌进行诱变 ,以提高其葡萄糖基转移酶的产酶活力。经诱变后 ,其产酶活力提高 4 8倍。     

底栖铜藻和漂浮铜藻生长与光合生理的比较

铜藻是构成"金潮"的关键种.为了探索"金潮"的爆发原因,采集同一位点的底栖和漂浮铜藻,在温度15℃、光照强度5000 lx条件下,经过7天培养后,比较了两类铜藻生长速率和各组织部位(新生叶、老叶、气囊、枝干)生长以及光合生理的差异.结果表明:漂浮铜藻的生长速率(RGR)为8.25％? d-1,而底栖铜藻的RGR仅为5....