The increased population of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) in Europe

In this paper the recent population changes of the Wild Boar in different European countries is analysed through the study of hunting statistics. A simultaneous increase in numbers is observed throughout the whole area during the period 1965–1975. From 1975 onwards the population stabilizes itself apart from in peripheral areas like Finland. Potentially favourable factors which play a part in this process are discussed and certain reproductive and dispersive characteristics which favour its invasive behaviour are discussed.     

Novel group I intron in the tRNA(Leu)(UAA) gene of a gamma-proteobacterium isolated from a deep subsurface environment

A group I intron has been found to interrupt the anticodon loop of the tRNA(Leu)(UAA) gene in a bacterium belonging to the gamma-subdivision of Proteobacteria and isolated from a deep subsurface environment. The subsurface isolate SMCC D0715 was identified as belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. The group I intron from this isolate is the first to be reported for gamma-proteobacteria, and the first instance of a tRNA(Leu)(UAA) group I intron to be found in a group of bacteria other than cyanobacteria. The 231-nucleotide (nt) intron's sequence has group I conserved elements and folds into a bona fide group I secondary structure with canonical base-paired segments P1 to P9 and a paired region, P10. The D0715 intron possesses the 11-nt motif CCUACG. UAUGG in its P8 region, a feature not common in bacterial introns. To date, phylogenetic analysis has shown that bacterial introns form two distinct families, and their complex distribution suggests that both lateral transfer and common ancestry have taken part in the evolutionary history of these elements.     

Chromosome numbers in Brazilian species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) and their taxonomic significance

Chromosome numbers were counted for 23 species of Crotalaria native to Brazil. Among these data there were new counts for 15 taxa, and some confirmed previous reports or represented numbers that were different from those cited previously. The chromosome numbers most frequently found were 2 n  = 16 and 2 n  = 32. Only C. incana L. had 2 n  = 14 and C. tweediana Benth. had 2 n  = 54. The counts 2 n  = 32 and 54 were found in species of section Calycinae and 2 n  = 16 and 14 in species of section Chrysocalycinae . The data revealed the importance of chromosomal parameters in the characterization of sections Calycinae and Chrysocalycinae in Brazil. We discuss the systematic significance and evolutionary aspects for the genus, comparing the results with the two sections that are native in Brazil.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 151 , 271–277.     

Chromosome numbers and meiotic analysis in the pre-breeding of <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (Poaceae)

A total of 44 accessions of Brachiaria decumbens were analysed for chromosome count and meiotic behaviour in order to identify potential progenitors for crosses. Among them, 15 accessions presented 2n = 18; 27 accessions, 2n = 36; and 2 accessions, 2n = 45 chromosomes. Among the diploid accessions, the rate of meiotic abnormalities was low, ranging from 0.82% to 7.93%. In the 27 tetraploid accessions, the rate of meiotic abnormalities ranged from 18.41% to 65.83%. The most common meiotic abnormalities were related to irregular chromosome segregation, but chromosome stickiness and abnormal cytokinesis were observed in low frequency. All abnormalities can compromise pollen viability by generating unbalanced gametes. Based on the chromosome number and meiotic stability, the present study indicates the apomictic tetraploid accessions that can act as male genitor to produce interspecific hybrids with B. ruziziensis or intraspecific hybrids with recently artificially tetraploidized accessions.     

The protein-proteinase complex of the barley grown on a different agronomic background using regulatory preparations

An integrated effect of agronomic background (the degree of soil fertility and the dose of applied fertilizers) and the regulatory preparations of phenolic and terpene natures on the protein-proteinase complex of brewer’s barley grown under conditions of the nonchernozem zone was studied. Gel chromatography methods were used to demonstrate that the treatment with preparations of regulatory substances increased the degree and depth of storage protein hydrolysis during malting and provided the necessary degree of hydrolysis of the endosperm proteins, an important characteristic of the ready malt. Neutral proteinases hydrolyzed proteins forming intermediate products with various molecular weights, thereby indicating their sufficiently narrow specificity. Acid proteinases generated a large amount of low-molecular-weight products, confirming a wide specificity of their action and their ability to hydrolyze the peptide bonds formed by various amino acid residues.     

Patterns of genetic variability at individual minisatellite loci in minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata populations from three different oceans

The genetic variability at six cloned minisatellite loci was analyzed in minke whale populations from the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Antarctic Oceans. Three loci displayed only a few different alleles in each of the three populations, with heterozygosity ranging from 0.00 to 0.47, and three loci revealed many different alleles in at least two fo the three populations, with heterozygosity ranging up to 0.98. Using small sample sizes, samples from two adjacent Antarctic Management Areas were not found to differ significantly in allele frequencies at any of the six loci. The use of principal coordinate analysis to detect multilocus disequilibria was explored. No significant evidence was found of intrapopulation heterogeneity within the pooled Antarctic sample. Pronounced interoceanic differences were observed at every locus, confirming the existence of genetic isolation found earlier using more conventional marker systems. The populations from the three oceans appear to have diverged to such a degree that the hypervariable loci have had time to evolve independently and arrive at different evolutionary stages in different populations. The frequency of undetected "null" alleles is remarkably high in minke whale populations compared to human populations and is probably a result of the cloning protocol used. Minisatellite loci are shown to provide a powerful population genetic tool, supplying levels of resolution appropriate to different degrees of evolutionary divergence.