Interaction between the oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein and the F0 sector of the mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase complex: cooperative effect of the F1 sector

Beef heart mitchondrial oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) labeled with [14C]-N-ethylmaleimide ([14C]OSCP) at the only cysteine residue, Cys-118, present in the sequence [Ovchinnikov, Y. A., Modyanov, N. N., Grinkevich, V. A., Aldanova, N. A., Trubetskaya, O. E., Nazimov, I.V., Hundal, T., & Ernster, L. (1984) FEBS Lett. 166, 19-22] exhibits full biological activity in a reconstituted F0-F1 system [Dupuis, A., Issartel, J. P., Lunardi, J., Satre, M., & Vignais, P. V. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 728-733]. The binding parameters of [14C]OSCP with respect to the F0 sector of submitochondrial particles largely depleted of F1 and OSCP (AUA particles) have been explored. In the absence of added F1, a limited number of high-affinity OSCP binding sites were detected in the AUA particles (20-40 pmol/mg of particles); under these conditions, the low-affinity binding sites for OSCP were essentially not saturable. Addition of F1 to the particles promoted high-affinity binding for OSCP, with an apparent Kd of 5 nM, a value 16 times lower than the Kd relative to the binding of OSCP to F1 in the absence of particles. Saturation of the F1 and OSCP binding sites of AUA particles was attained with about 200 pmol of both F1 and OSCP added per milligram of particles. The oligomycin-dependent inhibition of F1-ATPase bound to AUA particles was assayed as a function of bound OSCP. At subsaturating concentrations of F1, the dose-effect curves were rectilinear until inhibition of ATPase activity by oligomycin was virtually complete, and maximal inhibition was obtained for an OSCP to F1 ratio of 1 (mol/mol).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Purification and characterization of an isoform of protein kinase C from bovine neutrophils

Protein kinase C (PKC) from bovine neutrophils was purified 1420-fold. Subcellular fractionation analysis of bovine neutrophil homogenate in the presence of EGTA indicated that more than 95% of the PKC activity was present in the soluble fraction. The purification procedure from cytosol involved sequential chromatographic steps on DE-52 cellulose, Mono Q, and phenyl-Sepharose. Whereas bovine brain PKC could be resolved into four isoenzymatic forms by chromatography on a hydroxylapatite column, bovine neutrophil PKC was eluted in a single peak, suggesting that it corresponded to a single isoform. The apparent molecular weight of bovine neutrophil PKC was 82,000, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By filtration on Sephadex G-150, a molecular weight of 85,000 was calculated, indicating that bovine neutrophil PKC in solution is monomeric. Its isoelectric point was 5.9 +/- 0.1. Bovine neutrophil PKC was autophosphorylated in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP, provided that the medium was supplemented with Mg2+, Ca2+, phosphatidylserine, and diacylglycerol; phorbol myristate acetate could substitute for diacylglycerol. Autophosphorylated PKC could be cleaved by trypsin to generate two radiolabeled peptides of Mr 48,000 and 39,000. The labeled amino acids were serine and threonine. During the course of the purification procedure of bovine neutrophil PKC, a protein of Mr 23,000, which was abundant in the cytosolic fraction of the homogenate, was found to exhibit a strong propensity to PKC-dependent phosphorylation in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP, Mg2+, Ca2+, phosphatidylserine, and diacylglycerol. This protein was recovered together with PKC in one of the two active peaks eluted from the Mono Q column at the second step of PKC purification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Synthesis and properties of azidonitrophenyl pyrophosphate, a photoaffinity probe of the nucleotide binding sites of mitochondrial F1-ATPase

4-Azido-2-nitrophenyl pyrophosphate (azido-PPi) labeled with 32P in the alpha position was prepared and used to photolabel beef heart mitochondrial F1. Azido-PPi was hydrolyzed by yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase, but not by mitochondrial F1-ATPase. Incubation of F1 with [alpha-32P]azido-PPi in the dark under conditions of saturation resulted in the binding of the photoprobe to three sites, two of which exhibited a high affinity (Kd = 2 microM), the third one having a lower affinity (Kd = 300 microM). Mg2+ was required for binding. As with PPi [Issartel et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 13538-13544], the binding of 3 mol of azido-PPi/mol of F1 resulted in the release of one tightly bound nucleotide. ADP, AMP-PNP, and PPi competed with azido-PPi for binding to F1, but Pi and the phosphate analogue azidonitrophenyl phosphate did not. The binding of [32P]Pi to F1 was enhanced at low concentrations of azido-PPi, as it was in the presence of low concentrations of PPi. Sulfite, which is thought to bind to an anion-binding site on F1, inhibited competitively the binding of both ADP and azido-PPi, suggesting that the postulated anion-binding site of F1 is related to the exchangeable nucleotide-binding sites. Upon photoirradiation of F1 in the presence of [alpha-32P]azido-PPi, the photoprobe became covalently bound with concomitant inactivation of F1. The plots relating the inactivation of F1 to the covalent binding of the probe were rectilinear up to 50% inactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding the large and the small subunits of the H2 uptake hydrogenase (hup) of Rhodobacter capsulatus

Summary The structural genes (hup) of the H₂ uptake hydrogenase of Rhodobacter capsulatus were isolated from a cosmid gene library of R. capsulatus DNA by hybridization with the structural genes of the H₂ uptake hydrogenase of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The R. capsulatus genes were localized on a 3.5 kb HindIII fragment. The fragment, cloned onto plasmid pAC76, restored hydrogenase activity and autotrophic growth of the R. capsulatus mutant JP91, deficient in hydrogenase activity (Hup^-). The nucleotide sequence, determined by the dideoxy chain termination method, revealed the presence of two open reading frames. The gene encoding the large subunit of hydrogenase (hupL) was identified from the size of its protein product (68108 dalton) and by alignment with the NH₂ amino acid protein sequence determined by Edman degradation. Upstream and separated from the large subunit by only three nucleotides was a gene encoding a 34 256 dalton polypeptide. Its amino acid sequence showed 80% identity with the small subunit of the hydrogenase of B. japonicum. The gene was identified as the structural gene of the small subunit of R. capsulatus hydrogenase (hupS). The R. capsulatus hydrogenase also showed homology, but to a lesser extent, with the hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio baculatus and D. gigas. In the R. capsulatus hydrogenase the Cys residues, (13 in the small subunit and 12 in the large subunit) were not arranged in the typical configuration found in [4Fe–4S] ferredoxins.     

Immunological properties of O2.- generating oxidase from bovine neutrophils

Two antisera have been prepared against the O2.- generating oxidase purified from bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The first antiserum was directed against the enzymatically active fraction obtained after isoelectric focusing (pI oxidase), which consisted of a major protein of Mr 65,000 [(1985) Biochemistry 24, 7231-7239]. The second antiserum was directed against the 65 kDa band excised from an SDS-polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis of the pI oxidase preparation. The pI oxidase antiserum inhibited O2.- generation by PMN cells, PMN membranes and detergent-solubilized membranes. The 65 kDa band antiserum was virtually non-inhibitory against PMN cells; in contrast, it was nearly as potent as the pI oxidase antiserum on PMN membranes and detergent-solubilized membranes. Inhibition of O2.- generation by the pI oxidase antiserum was correlated with the immunoreactivity of four membrane-bound proteins of 65, 54, 18 and 16 kDa; the 65 kDa band antiserum reacted only with the two proteins of 65 and 54 kDa. It is concluded that the 18 and 16 kDa proteins, present in trace amounts in the pI oxidase preparation, are probably potent catalysts of the respiratory burst.     

Incorporation of fatty acids into the outer and inner membranes of isolated rat liver mitochondria

Acyl-CoA: phospholipid acyl-transferase activity as well as phospholipase A activity were detected in inner and outer membrane preparations from rat liver mitochondria. Both enzyme systems have an optimum pH around 8 and act preferentially on phosphatidylethanolamine. While phospholipase A activity is much lower in the inner membrane than in the outer membrane of mitochondria the reverse is true for the incorporation of (14C)-oleic acid into endogenous phosphatidylethanolamine. These results bring an indirect evidence that the inner membrane per se possesses a phospholipase A activity.     

Cloning and sequencing the genes encoding uptake-hydrogenase subunits of Rhodocyclus gelatinosus

Summary Rhodocyclus gelatinosus grew photosynthetically in the light and consumed H₂ at a rate of about 665 nmol/min per mg protein. The uptake-hydrogenase (H₂ase) was found to be membrane bound and insensitive to inhibition by CO. The structural genes of R. gelatinosus uptake-H₂ase were isolated from a 40 kb cosmid gene library of R. gelatinosus DNA by hybridization with the structural genes of uptake-H₂ase of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Rhodobacter capsulatus. The R. gelatinosus genes were localized on two overlapping DNA restriction fragments subcloned into pUC18. Two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) were observed. ORF1 contained 1080 nucleotides and encoded a 39.4 kDa protein. ORF2 had 1854 nucleotides and encoded a 68.5 kDa protein. Amino acid sequence analysis suggested that ORF1 and ORF2 corresponded to the small (HupS) and large (HupL) subunits, respectively, of R. gelatinosus uptake-H₂ase. ORF1 was approximately 80% homologous with the small, and ORF2 was maximally 68% homologous with the large subunit of typical membrane-bound uptake-H₂ases.     

Organization of the genes necessary for hydrogenase expression in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Sequence analysis and identification of two hyp regulatory mutants

A 25kbp DNA fragment from the chromosome of Rhodobacter capsulatus B10 carrying hydrogenase (hup) determinants was completely sequenced. Coding regions corresponding to 20 open reading frames were identified. The R. capsulatus hydrogenase-specific gene (hup and hyp) products bear significant structural identity to hydrogenase gene products from Escherichia coli (13), from Rhizobium liguminosarum (16), from Azotobacter vinelandii (10) and from Alcaligenes eutrophus (11). The sequential arrangement of the R. capsulatus genes is: hupR2-hupU-hypF -hupS-hupL-hupM-hupD -hupF -hupG -hupH -huoJ -hupK -hypA-hypB-hupR1-hypC -hypD -hypE -ORF19 -ORF20 , all contiguous and transcribed from the same DNA strand. The last two potential genes do not encode products that are related to identified hydrogenase-specific gene products in other species. The sequence of the 12 R. capsulatus genes underlined above is presented. The mutation site in two of the Hup^? mutants used in this study, RS13 and RCC12, was identified in the hypF gene (deletion of one G) and in the hypD qene (deletion of 54 bp), respectively. The hypF gene product shares 45% identity with the product of hydA from E. coli and the product of hypF from R. leguminosarum. Those products present at their N-terminus a Cys arrangement typical of zinc-finger proteins. The G deletion in the C-terminal region of hypF in the RS13 mutant