Teaching life cycle assessment in higher education

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment - Scientific Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) literature provides some examples of LCA teaching in higher education, but not a structured overview of...     

The EcoSpold 2 format—why a new format?

Purpose

This paper introduces the new EcoSpold data format for life cycle inventory (LCI).

Methods

A short historical retrospect on data formats in the life cycle assessment (LCA) field is given. The guiding principles for the revision and implementation are explained. Some technical basics of the data format are described, and changes to the previous data format are explained.

Results

The EcoSpold 2 data format caters for new requirements that have arisen in the LCA field in recent years.

Conclusions

The new data format is the basis for the Ecoinvent v3 database, but since it is an open data format, it is expected to be adopted by other LCI databases. Several new concepts used in the new EcoSpold 2 data format open the way for new possibilities for the LCA practitioners and to expand the application of the datasets in other fields beyond LCA (e.g., Material Flow Analysis, Energy Balancing).

     

Immobilization of 5‐Fluorouridine on Chitosan

The 2′,3′‐O‐levulinic acid derivative 2b of the cancerostatic 5‐fluorouridine as well as its N(3)‐farnesylated nucleolipid 2d were synthesized and coupled to H₂O‐soluble chitosanes of different molecular weight and at various pH values (3.5–5.5) leading to 6 and 7 . In addition, the coumarine fluorophore ATTO‐488 N(9)‐butanoate was bound to the biopolymer by a sequential‐coupling technique to afford 9 and 10 . Moreover, chitosan foils were prepared, to which 2b was coupled. Their degradation by chitosanase (from Streptomyces sp. N174) was studied UV‐spectrophotometrically in a Franz diffusion cell.