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排序方式: 共有79条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Factors influencing the oxidation of the radioprotector WR-1065 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N-(2-Mercaptoethyl)-1,3-diaminopropane (WR-1065) is the free thiol form of the radio- and chemoprotector S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721). Interest currently exists in the clinical use of WR-2721 and WR-1065 as radio- and chemoprotectors of normal tissues. However, measurement of plasma levels of WR-1065 has proven difficult, due to rapid drug oxidation. Therefore, we studied factors influencing the oxidation of WR-1065, in Hepes-buffered saline as well as in tissue culture media containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The rate of oxygen consumption by WR-1065, as determined using the Clark oxygen electrode system, was faster in medium plus serum than in Hepes-buffered saline. That this effect is largely due to the presence of trace metal ions in tissue culture media and serum was indicated by the observation that addition of Cu2+ or Fe3+ to buffer stimulated oxygen consumption. Addition of KCN inhibited the reaction of WR-1065 with oxygen, and this effect was dependent on KCN concentration. That KCN blocked WR-1065 oxidation to the disulfide was verified using Ellman's reagent to quantitate the free thiol form. The rate of oxygen consumption was shown to be affected by temperature as well as concentration of WR-1065. Catalase reduced the rate of oxygen consumption of WR-1065, indicating that peroxide is formed in this system. Superoxide dismutase had a stimulatory effect. WR-1065 was found to stimulate the hexose monophosphate shunt in A549 cells. Since this stimulation was prevented by the presence of catalase, it appeared to be due to the response of the cells to peroxide, formed as a result of WR-1065 autooxidation. 相似文献
2.
The cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of 2-amino-N6-hydroxyadenine (AHA) were measured in strains of L5178Y differing in repair capabilities and karyotype. Strain LY-R83 is monosomic for chromosome 11 and is therefore hemizygous for the tk gene, while strains LY-R16 and LY-S1 are TK+/- heterozygotes. Both strain LY-R83 and LY-R16 are sensitive to UV light and are presumed to be deficient in the excision of pyrimidine dimers as shown for the parental strain, LY-R (Hagen et al., 1988; Szumiel et al., 1988). Strain LY-S1 is sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation and is presumed to be defective in the repair of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks, as shown for the parental strain, LY-S (Evans et al., 1987a; Wlodek and Hittelman, 1987). The sensitivities of the three strains to the cytotoxic effects of AHA were similar. After a 4-hour treatment with AHA at 37 degrees C, the D37 for all three strains was approximately 35 ng/ml. The AHA-induced mutant frequency was similar for the hemizygous TK+ strain LY-R83 and the heterozygous TK +/- strain LY-R16, but was slightly higher for strain LY-S1 than for either LY-R strain at an AHA concentration of 100 ng/ml. The proportion of AHA-induced LY-S1 TK -/- mutants forming colonies with diameters less than 0.3 mm was much lower than following treatment with X radiation (24% vs. 61% for AHA and X radiation, respectively). These results indicate that the vast majority of AHA-induced TK -/- mutants harbor single gene mutations. AHA did not result in cyanide-insensitive oxygen uptake, and treatment with this compound did not induce a significant number of DNA single-strand breaks, DNA alkali labile lesions, or DNA degradation in either strain. However, two hours after AHA removal, DNA single-strand breaks and/or alkali-labile lesions, possibly due to the occurrence of DNA repair, were apparent in the DNA of both strain LY-R16 and strain LY-S1. 相似文献
3.
We have broadly defined the DNA regions regulating esterase6 activity in
several life stages and tissue types of D. melanogaster using P-
element-mediated transformation of constructs that contain the esterase6
coding region and deletions or substitutions in 5' or 3' flanking DNA.
Hemolymph is a conserved ancestral site of EST6 activity in Drosophila and
the primary sequences regulating its activity lie between -171 and -25 bp
relative to the translation initiation site: deletion of these sequences
decrease activity approximately 20-fold. Hemolymph activity is also
modulated by four other DNA regions, three of which lie 5' and one of which
lies 3' of the coding region. Of these, two have positive and two have
negative effects, each of approximately twofold. Esterase6 activity is
present also in two male reproductive tract tissues; the ejaculatory bulb,
which is another ancestral activity site, and the ejaculatory duct, which
is a recently acquired site within the melanogaster species subgroup.
Activities in these tissues are at least in part independently regulated:
activity in the ejaculatory bulb is conferred by sequences between -273 and
-172 bp (threefold decrease when deleted), while activity in the
ejaculatory duct is conferred by more distal sequences between -844 and
-614 bp (fourfold decrease when deleted). The reproductive tract activity
is further modulated by two additional DNA regions, one in 5' DNA (-613 to
-284 bp; threefold decrease when deleted) and the other in 3' DNA (+1860 to
+2731 bp; threefold decrease when deleted) that probably overlaps the
adjacent esteraseP gene. Collating these data with previous studies
suggests that expression of EST6 in the ancestral sites is mainly regulated
by conserved proximal sequences while more variable distal sequences
regulate expression in the acquired ejaculatory duct site.
相似文献
4.
Nucleotide variation at the hypervariable esterase 6 isozyme locus of Drosophila simulans 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Esterase 6 (Est-6/EST6) is polymorphic in both Drosophila melanogaster and
D. simulans for two common allozyme forms, as well as for several other
less common variants. Parallel latitudinal clines in the frequencies of the
common EST6-F and EST6-S allozymes in these species have previously been
interpreted in terms of a shared amino acid polymorphism that distinguishes
the two variants and is subject to selection. Here we compare the sequences
of four D. simulans Est-6 isolates and show that overall estimates of
nucleotide heterozygosity in both coding and 5' flanking regions are more
than threefold higher than those obtained previously for this gene in D.
melanogaster. Nevertheless, the ratio of replacement to exon silent-site
polymorphism in D. simulans is less than the ratio of replacement to silent
divergence between D. simulans and D. melanogaster, which could be the
result of increased efficiency of selection against replacement
polymorphisms in D. simulans or to divergent selection between the two
species. We also find that the amino acid polymorphisms separating EST6- F
and EST6-S in D. simulans are not the same as those that separate these
allozymes in D. melanogaster, implying that the shared clines do not
reflect shared molecular targets for selection. All comparisons within and
between the two species reveal a remarkable paucity of variation in a
stretch of nearly 400 bp immediately 5' of the gene, indicative of strong
selective constraint to retain essential aspects of Est-6 promoter
function.
相似文献
5.
Factors influencing the oxidation of cysteamine and other thiols: implications for hyperthermic sensitization and radiation protection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J E Biaglow R W Issels L E Gerweck M E Varnes B Jacobson J B Mitchell A Russo 《Radiation research》1984,100(2):298-312
Some of the factors influencing the oxygen uptake and peroxide formation for cysteamine (MEA) and other thiols in serum-supplemented modified McCoy's 5A, a well-known medium used to cultivate a variety of cells in vitro, have been studied. The oxidation of MEA and cysteine in modified McCoy's 5A has been compared with that in Ham's F-12, MEM, and phosphate-buffered saline. All of the growth media were supplemented with 10% calf serum and 5% fetal calf serum. The rate of oxygen uptake for all of the studied thiols was greatest in McCoy's 5A. The data indicate that this medium may contain more copper than the other preparations. MEA and cysteine were found to be more effective at 0.4 mM at producing peroxide than dithiothreitol (DTT). N-acetylcysteine was the least reactive. The ability to produce peroxide is dependent upon the temperature, the concentration of thiol, the presence of copper ions, and pH of the medium. MEA and other thiol oxidation is inhibited by the copper chelator diethyldithiocarbamate. Catalase also reduces the oxygen uptake for all thiols. This inhibition involves the recycling of peroxide to oxygen. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was found to stimulate the oxygen uptake in the case of MEA and cysteine, but had little or no effect with DTT and glutathione. The combined presence of SOD and catalase resulted in less inhibition of oxygen uptake than that obtained by catalase alone. Alkaline pH was found to enhance the oxidation of cysteine and MEA. An important observation was the inhibition of MEA oxidation at 0 degrees C and the stimulation at 42 degrees C. The results indicate that many problems may arise when thiols are added to various media. A major consideration is concerned with the production of peroxide, superoxide, and reduced trace metal intermediates. The presence of these intermediates may result in the production of hydroxyl radical intermediates as well as the eventual oxygen depletion from the medium. Oxygen depletion may alter the results of radiation sterilization and carcinogen activation. Radical production will cause cell damage that is temperature dependent. Therefore, careful consideration must be given to changes in oxygen tension when thiols are added to cells growing in complicated growth medium to protect against either chemical or radiation damage. 相似文献
6.
7.
Varnes JG Gardner DS Santella JB Duncia JV Estrella M Watson PS Clark CM Ko SS Welch P Covington M Stowell N Wadman E Davies P Solomon K Newton RC Trainor GL Decicco CP Wacker DA 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2004,14(7):1645-1649
The discovery of novel and selective small molecule antagonists of the CC Chemokine Receptor-3 (CCR3) is presented. Simple conversion from a 4- to 3-benzylpiperidine gave improved selectivity for CCR3 over the serotonin 5HT(2A) receptor. Chiral resolution and exploration of mono- and disubstitution of the N-propylurea resulted in several 3-benzylpiperidine N-propylureas with CCR3 binding IC(50)s under 5 nM. Data from in vitro calcium mobilization and chemotaxis assays for these compounds ranged from high picomolar to low nanomolar EC(50)s and correlated well with antagonist binding IC(50)s. 相似文献
8.
Wacker DA Santella JB Gardner DS Varnes JG Estrella M DeLucca GV Ko SS Tanabe K Watson PS Welch PK Covington M Stowell NC Wadman EA Davies P Solomon KA Newton RC Trainor GL Friedman SM Decicco CP Duncia JV 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2002,12(13):1785-1789
CCR3 antagonist leads with IC(50) values in the microM range were converted into low nM binding compounds that displayed in vitro inhibition of human eosinophil chemotaxis induced by human eotaxin. In particular, 4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl-n-propylureas and erythro-3-(4-benzyl-2-(alpha-hydroxyalkyl)piperidin-1-yl)-n-propylureas (obtained via Beak reaction of N-BOC-4-benzylpiperidine) exhibited single digit nanomolar IC(50) values for CCR3. 相似文献
9.
NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase activity is the principal determinant of beta-lapachone cytotoxicity 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Pink JJ Planchon SM Tagliarino C Varnes ME Siegel D Boothman DA 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2000,275(8):5416-5424
beta-Lapachone activates a novel apoptotic response in a number of cell lines. We demonstrate that the enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) substantially enhances the toxicity of beta-lapachone. NQO1 expression directly correlated with sensitivity to a 4-h pulse of beta-lapachone in a panel of breast cancer cell lines, and the NQO1 inhibitor, dicoumarol, significantly protected NQO1-expressing cells from all aspects of beta-lapachone toxicity. Stable transfection of the NQO1-deficient cell line, MDA-MB-468, with an NQO1 expression plasmid increased apoptotic responses and lethality after beta-lapachone exposure. Dicoumarol blocked both the apoptotic responses and lethality. Biochemical studies suggest that reduction of beta-lapachone by NQO1 leads to a futile cycling between the quinone and hydroquinone forms, with a concomitant loss of reduced NAD(P)H. In addition, the activation of a cysteine protease, which has characteristics consistent with the neutral calcium-dependent protease, calpain, is observed after beta-lapachone treatment. This is the first definitive elucidation of an intracellular target for beta-lapachone in tumor cells. NQO1 could be exploited for gene therapy, radiotherapy, and/or chemopreventive interventions, since the enzyme is elevated in a number of tumor types (i.e. breast and lung) and during neoplastic transformation. 相似文献
10.
Rod and cone photoreceptors project from the outer retinal surface into a
carbohydrate-rich interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Unique IPM
glycoconjugates are distributed around rods and cones. Wheat germ
agglutinin (WGA) strongly decorates the rod matrix domains and weakly
decorates the cone matrix domains. This study characterizes the major
WGA-binding glycoprotein in the human IPM, which we refer to as SPACR
(sialoprotein associated with cones and rods). SPACR, which has a molecular
weight of 147 kDa, was isolated and purified from the IPM by lectin
affinity chromatography. A polyclonal antibody to SPACR was prepared that
colocalizes in tissue preparations with WGA-binding domains in the IPM.
Sequential digestion of SPACR with N- and O- glycosidases results in a
systematic increase in electrophorectic mobility, indicating the presence
of both N- and O-linked glycoconjugates. Complete deglycosylation results
in a reduction in the relative molecular mass of SPACR by about 30%.
Analysis of lectin binding allowed us to identify some of the structural
characteristics of SPACR glycoconjugates. Treatment with neuraminidase
exposes Galbeta1- 3GalNAc disaccharide as indicated by positive peanut
agglutinin (PNA) staining, accompanied by the loss of WGA staining. Maackia
amurensis agglutinins (MAA-1 and MAA-2), specific for sialic acid in
alpha2-3 linkage to Gal, bind SPACR, while Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA),
specific for alpha2-6 linked sialic acid, does not, indicating that the
dominant glycoconjugate determinant on SPACR is the O-linked carbohydrate,
NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-3GalNAc. The abundance of sialic acid in SPACR
suggests that this glycoprotein may contribute substantially to the
polyanionic nature of the IPM. The carbohydrate chains present on SPACR
could also provide sites for extensive crosslinking and participate in the
formation of the ordered IPM lattice that surrounds the elongate
photoreceptors projecting from the outer retinal surface.
相似文献