Separation of plant membranes by electromigration techniques

The review focuses on the multiple separating regimes that offers the free flow electrophoresis technique: free flow zone electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, free flow step electrophoresis. Also, the feasibility to apply either interval or continuous flow electrophoresis is evaluated. The free flow zone electrophoresis regime is generally selected for the separation of cells, organelles and membranes while the other regimes find their largest fields of applications in the purification of proteins and peptides. The latter regimes present the highest resolution efficiency. Therefore, a large part of this review is devoted to the applicabilities of these different regimes to the purification of organelles and membrane vesicles at the preparative scale. Recent developments, both in instrumentation and procedures, are described. The major achievements in plant membrane fractionation obtained with free flow electrophoresis are outlined. The related procedures are both analytical and preparative: they separate tonoplast and plasma membrane simultaneously from the same homogenate, they discriminate for one type of membrane vesicles of opposite orientation, and process large quantities of membrane material by reason of the continuous flow mode. Recent advances using electromigration techniques that permit confirmation of the dynamic state of membranes, characterisation of complex membrane-dependent functions and discovery of new membrane-localised activities are presented.     

Profiling SARS-CoV-2 HLA-I peptidome reveals T cell epitopes from out-of-frame ORFs

1. Download : Download high-res image (225KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Cross-reactions between human and animal plasma proteins

Summary The rôle of several structural and functional factors and of concentration on the cross-reactions of 28 human plasma proteins with their homologues in animal blood was investigated. The Immunological Evolution Group (IEG) system was employed for this purpose as described earlier (Bauer, 1970 a). No interaction of structural factors was detected, while an influence of serum level of the different proteins could not be ruled out with certainty.At least in the case of the 4 immunoglobulins and the 3 complement factors, included in the IEG-system, protein function and evolution show some degree of correlation, indicating the influence of function on molecular evolution in the case of these plasma proteins.     

International Research Ethics

This article provides a critical overview of the most important issues pertaining to the ongoing debate on international research ethics. It critically describes three problems of continuing concern: 1) the question of whether the distinction between therapeutic and non-therapeutic research should be upheld; 2) the questions of whether the currently demanded best proven diagnostic and therapeutic method of treatment for all research subjects is feasible both in developed and in developing countries, and whether it should be upheld; 3) the questions of who owns international research ethics guidelines and regulatory frameworks and, how decisions about changes to such international guidelines can possibly be achieved, given that it seems to be the case that genuine disagreement about issues of content is possible and likely.     

Untersuchungen über gerbstoffführende Pflanzen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Beitrag zur Phanerogamenflora der Bukowina und des angrenzenden Theiles von Siebenbürgen

Ohne Zusammenfassung