Thiophene Content in Normal and Transformed Root Cultures of Tagetes erecta: A Comparison with Thiophene Content in Roots of Intact Plants

Transformed roots of Tagetes erecta were obtained followinginfection of stems of sterile plantlets with Agrobacterium rhizogenesstrain TR105. The thiophenes detected were 5-(4-hydroxy-l-butenyl)-2,2'-bithienyl,5-(4-acetoxy-l-butenyl)-2,2'-bithienyl, 5-(3-buten-l-enyl)-2,2',-bithienyl and 2.2': 5', 2'-terthienyl. The thiophene patternwas the same in normal root cultures and roots of the intactplant. Transformed roots showed a higher growth rate and a higherbiomass yield than normal root cultures on a hormone-free media. Key words: Transformed roots normal roots, Tagetes erecta, thiophenes, Agrobacterium rhizogenes     

Depression treatment patterns among women veterans with cardiovascular conditions or diabetes

The study aimed to examine treatment patterns for depression among women veterans diagnosed with cardiovascular conditions or diabetes. We used longitudinal data from the 2002-2003 merged Veteran Health Administration (VHA) and Medicare files. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were performed to analyse depression treatment among veteran women with incident depressive episode and one of the following chronic conditions: diabetes or coronary artery disease or hypertension. Overall, 77% received treatment for depression, 54% with only antidepressants, 4% with only psychotherapy, and 19% with both. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that African American women were more likely to be in the no treatment group and were more likely than white women to receive psychotherapy rather than antidepressants. Older women and women with coronary artery disease only were less likely to receive treatment.     

Origin and Development of Secondary Capitula in Calendula officinalis L. in Response to Gibberellic Acid

Foliar application of gibberellic acid greatly enhanced theformation of secondary capitula. The proportion of primary capitulashowing this feature increased from 6% in the controls to 28,58, and 54% at 100, 250, and 500 parts 10^–6 GA₃, respectively.Secondary capitula were initiated either along the peripheryor in the centre of the receptacle or from both; their totalnumbers for 15 plants per treatment were 53, 215, 660, and 404in response to 0, 100, 250, and 500 parts 10^–6 GA₃, respectively.Secondary capitula were smaller and had fewer disc florets andfruits, particularly of the ‘wingless and small’type. Tertiary capitula, not observed in nature, formed on 2.72and 3.21% of the secondary capitula on plants sprayed with 250and 500 parts 10^–6 GA₃.The formation of a secondary inflorescencemeristem in treated plants in place of a floret primordium canbe detected histologically early in its development, and itspattern of development resembles that of the primary capitulum.