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Salicylic acid is an important signalling molecule involved in both locally and systemically induced disease resistance responses. Recent advances in our understanding of plant defence signalling have revealed that plants employ a network of signal transduction pathways, some of which are independent of salicylic acid. Evidence is emerging that jasmonic acid and ethylene play key roles in these salicylic acid-independent pathways. Cross-talk between the salicylic acid-dependent and the salicylic acid-independent pathways provides great regulatory potential for activating multiple resistance mechanisms in varying combinations. 相似文献
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Chintamani Pranjal Kulshreshtha Anurupa Chakraborty LC Singh Ashwani K Mishra Dinesh Bhatnagar Sunita Saxena 《World journal of surgical oncology》2010,8(1):1-9
Voltage gated potassium channels have been extensively studied in relation to cancer. In this review, we will focus on the role of two potassium channels, Ether à-go-go (Eag), Human ether à-go-go related gene (HERG), in cancer and their potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of cancer. Eag and HERG are expressed in cancers of various organs and have been implicated in cell cycle progression and proliferation of cancer cells. Inhibition of these channels has been shown to reduce proliferation both in vitro and vivo studies identifying potassium channel modulators as putative inhibitors of tumour progression. Eag channels in view of their restricted expression in normal tissue may emerge as novel tumour biomarkers. 相似文献
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Bethell D Se Y Lon C Tyner S Saunders D Sriwichai S Darapiseth S Teja-Isavadharm P Khemawoot P Schaecher K Ruttvisutinunt W Lin J Kuntawungin W Gosi P Timmermans A Smith B Socheat D Fukuda MM 《PloS one》2011,6(5):e19283
Background
The emergence of artemisinin resistance has raised concerns that the most potent antimalarial drug may be under threat. The currently recommended daily dose of artesunate (AS) is 4 mg/kg, and is administered for 3 days together with a partner antimalarial drug. This study investigated the impact of different AS doses on clinical and parasitological responses in malaria patients from an area of known artemisinin resistance in western Cambodia.Methods
Adult patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were randomized into one of three 7-day AS monotherapy regimens: 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg/day (total dose 14, 28 and 42 mg/kg). Clinical, parasitological, pharmacokinetic and in vitro drug sensitivity data was collected over a 7-day inpatient period and during weekly follow-up to 42 days.Results
143 patients were enrolled (n = 75, 40 and 28 to receive AS 2, 4 and 6 mg/kg/day respectively). Cure rates were high in all treatment groups at 42 days despite almost half the patients remaining parasitemic on Day 3. There was no impact of increasing AS dose on median parasite clearance times, median parasite clearance rates or on the proportion of patients remaining parasitemic on Day 3. However at the lowest dose used (2 mg/kg/d) patients with parasitemia >10,000/µL had longer median (IQR) parasite clearance times than those with parasitemia <10,000/µL (63 (48–75) vs. 84 (66–96) hours, p<0.0001). 19% of patients in the high-dose arm developed neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <1.0×109/L) by Day 14 and resulted in the arm being halted early.Conclusion
There is no pharmacodynamic benefit of increasing the daily dose of AS (4mg/kg) currently recommended for short-course combination treatment of uncomplicated malaria, even in regions with emerging artemisinin resistance, as long as the partner drug retains high efficacy.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov . NCT00722150相似文献6.
With cellulosic energy production from biomass becoming popular in renewable energy research, agricultural producers may be called upon to plant and collect corn stover or harvest switchgrass to supply feedstocks to nearby facilities. Determining the production and transportation cost to the producer of corn stover or switchgrass and the amount available within a given distance from the plant will result in a per metric ton cost the plant will need to pay producers in order to receive sufficient quantities of biomass. This research computes up-to-date biomass production costs using recent prices for all important cost components including seed, fertilizer, herbicide, mowing/shredding, raking, baling, storage, handling, and transportation. The cost estimates also include nutrient replacement for corn stover. The total per metric ton cost is a combination of these cost components depending on whether equipment is owned or custom hired, what baling options are used, the size of the farm, and the transport distance. Total costs per dry metric ton for biomass with a transportation distance of 60 km ranges between $63 and $75 for corn stover and $80 and $96 for switchgrass. Using the county quantity data and this cost information, we then estimate biomass supply curves for three Indiana coal-fired electric utilities. This supply framework can be applied to plants of any size, location, and type, such as future cellulosic ethanol plants. Finally, greenhouse gas emissions reductions are estimated from using biomass instead of coal for part of the utility energy and also the carbon tax required to make the biomass and coal costs equivalent. Depending on the assumed CO2 price, the use of biomass instead of coal is found to decrease overall costs in most cases. 相似文献
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AB Chang NC Cox J Purcell JM Marchant PJ Lewindon GJ Cleghorn LC Ee GD Withers MK Patrick J Faoagali 《Respiratory research》2005,6(1):1-5
Background and methods
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory virus associated with bronchiolitis, pneumonia, croup and exacerbations of asthma. Since respiratory viruses are frequently detected in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (AE-COPD) it was our aim to investigate the frequency of hMPV detection in a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with AE-COPD compared to patients with stable COPD and to smokers without by means of quantitative real-time RT-PCR.Results
We analysed nasal lavage and induced sputum of 130 patients with AE-COPD, 65 patients with stable COPD and 34 smokers without COPD. HMPV was detected in 3/130 (2.3%) AE-COPD patients with a mean of 6.5 × 105 viral copies/ml in nasal lavage and 1.88 × 105 viral copies/ml in induced sputum. It was not found in patients with stable COPD or smokers without COPD.Conclusion
HMPV is only found in a very small number of patients with AE-COPD. However it should be considered as a further possible viral trigger of AE-COPD because asymptomatic carriage is unlikely. 相似文献8.
Hitoshi?YoshidaEmail author Masayasu?Nagata Koji?Saito Kevin?LC?Wang Joseph?R?Ecker 《BMC plant biology》2005,5(1):14
Background
In Arabidopsis, ETO1 (ETHYLENE-OVERPRODUCER1) is a negative regulator of ethylene evolution by interacting with AtACS5, an isoform of the rate-limiting enzyme, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthases (ACC synthase or ACS), in ethylene biosynthetic pathway. ETO1 directly inhibits the enzymatic activity of AtACS5. In addition, a specific interaction between ETO1 and AtCUL3, a constituent of a new type of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, suggests the molecular mechanism in promoting AtACS5 degradation by the proteasome-dependent pathway. Because orthologous sequences to ETO1 are found in many plant species including tomato, we transformed tomato with Arabidopsis ETO1 to evaluate its ability to suppress ethylene production in tomato fruits. 相似文献9.
Protein tyrosine kinase 6 negatively regulates growth and promotes enterocyte differentiation in the small intestine 下载免费PDF全文
Haegebarth A Bie W Yang R Crawford SE Vasioukhin V Fuchs E Tyner AL 《Molecular and cellular biology》2006,26(13):4949-4957
Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) (also called Brk or Sik) is an intracellular tyrosine kinase that is expressed in breast cancer and normal epithelial linings. In adult mice, PTK6 expression is high in villus epithelial cells of the small intestine. To explore functions of PTK6, we disrupted the mouse Ptk6 gene. We detected longer villi, an expanded zone of PCNA expression, and increased bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in the PTK6-deficient small intestine. Although differentiation of major epithelial cell types occurred, there was a marked delay in expression of intestinal fatty acid binding protein, suggesting a role for PTK6 in enterocyte differentiation. However, fat absorption was comparable in wild-type and Ptk6-/- mice. It was previously shown that the serine threonine kinase Akt is a substrate of PTK6 and that PTK6-mediated phosphorylation of Akt on tyrosine resulted in inhibition of Akt activity. Consistent with these findings, we detected increased Akt activity and nuclear beta-catenin in intestines of PTK6-deficient mice and decreased nuclear localization of the Akt substrate FoxO1 in villus epithelial cells. PTK6 contributes to maintenance of tissue homeostasis through negative regulation of Akt in the small intestine and is associated with cell cycle exit and differentiation in normal intestinal epithelial cells. 相似文献
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Nadine?AME?van der BeekEmail author Juna?M?de Vries Marloes?LC?Hagemans Wim?CJ?Hop Marian?A?Kroos John?HJ?Wokke Marianne?de Visser Baziel?GM?van Engelen Jan?BM?Kuks Anneke?J?van der Kooi Nicolette?C?Notermans Karin?G?Faber Jan?JGM?Verschuuren Arnold?JJ?Reuser Ans?T?van der Ploeg Pieter?A?van Doorn 《Orphanet journal of rare diseases》2012,7(1):88