Genetic structure of the population of Ashkhabad City of the Turkmen SSR]

Some genetical demographic characteristics of population of Ashkhabad city were studied by direct interviewing of women aged over 18 years. The influence of urbanization on the basic genetical-demographic indices was found, the indices being essentially different from those of rural population studied elsewhere. Analysis of intensity and the structure of marriage migrations showed considerable ethnic subdivision in Ashkhabad population and stability of marriage policy in an every ethnic group. The level and structure of inbreeding as well as positive marriage assortativity are of the same order as in the Turkmen rural population.     

Role of LIM Kinase 1 in Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Neurons in Genome Stability,Learning and Memory during Stress Response to Weakening of Earth’s Magnetic Field in Drosophila

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology - The paper continues the cycle of studies on the evolutionary link between the mechanisms of stress response formation and cognitive functions...     

Medical genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. III. Hereditary pathology in Turkmen Nokhurlis

Medical-genetic investigations were carried out in isolated population of Nokhurlis inhabiting some villages of Ashkhabad and Krasnovodsk provinces. A high coefficient of inbreeding, high endogamy, and low coefficients of migration were found for this population. Two hereditary disorders are relatively frequent among the Nokhurlis and lacking in neighboring populations. The frequency of the autosomal dominant gene for congenital cataract is 0.26% and that of the autosomal recessive gene for a peculiar form of obesity is 2.47%. In both cases, the main factor affecting gene accumulation appears to be the result of genetical drift effect. The total load of hereditary diseases of higher in Nokhurlis than in other Turkmen populations. The connection between the population structure of Nokhurlis and the accumulation of hereditary disorders is discussed.     

Medico-genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. V. A population and demographic description of the Nokhur isolate

The paper deals with demographic, genealogical and genetic characterization of one Turkmenian isolate--"Nochur". The data on its load of hereditary diseases were published previously. The Turkmenian "Nochurly" tribe consists of 19 large and small clanes. 600 nuclear families live in a small mountain valley of the same name. The share of prereproductive age class is 60%, of reproductive class--29%, this value for postreproductive class being 11%. The average number of children per family, when the families have completed their reproductive period, is 6.84. The average duration of generation (the mean parental age to the birth time of a mean newborn) is 37.7 and 31 years for a man and woman, respectively. Immigration into Nochur is practically absent, there is a flow of emigrants to the capital of the Republic, Ashkhabad. A very high level of assortative mating has been noted, the minimal estimation of inbreeding coefficient being 0.033 (the pedigree) and the maximal--0.0529 (isonimy). Diminishing of the number of lethal equivalents between 1940-1965 and 1966-1980 was discovered. This can be explained by a decrease in natural selection pressure. The data on distribution of genetic markers of the ABO, MN, Rh, Hp and Pp systems within this isolated population are presented.     

Medico-genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. IV. The population geography of hemoglobinopathies

Large-scale screening for hereditary haemoglobinopathies in five districts and among main Turkmen tribes was carried out. The frequencies of ABO and HP pheno- and genotypes were determined in the same populations. The different kinds of haemoglobinopathies genes were discovered (beta +, beta 0-thalassemia, alpha beta-thalassemia, alpha-thalassemia, HPFH, haemoglobins D and E). The geographic and ethnic differentiation of Turkmen population for beta-thalassemia géne was discovered. The FST values were found to be the same for ABO, Hp and beta-thal gene systems. The role of genetic drift in differentiation of Turkmen population is discussed.     

Medical genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. II. Study of the distribution of hereditary pathology in 5 regions of Tashauz Province

The large-scale screening for hereditary diseases in five regions of the Tashauz province was carried out. More than 50 families represented by persons with different nosological forms of hereditary diseases, were found. The role of drift in rare mutant gene dynamics was shown. The load of hereditary diseases was mainly connected with autosomal recessive forms and shown to vary between the regions from 0,34 to 1,29 pro mille.     

Burden of monogenic hereditary pathologies of the residents of Ashkhabad in the Turkmen SSR]

The results of medico-genetic investigation of population of Ashkhabad city are presented involving 229 thousand individuals (118230 Turkomans, 94050 Russians and 16720 subjects of other nationalities). Aggravation values the ethnic groups studied are as follows: Turkomen--AD (autosome-dominant = 0.86 per 1000 subjects, AR (autosome-recessive) = 2.31 per 1000 subjects, attached X chromosomes = 0.52 per 1000 males; Russians--AD = 0.93 per 1000 subjects, AR = 0.84, attached X chromosomes = 0.17 per 1000 males; other nationalities AD = 0.81, AR = 1.43, attached X chromosomes = 0.27. Aggravation of the urban Turkomen population is more valid than that of rural people. Relationship between non-accidental inbreeding rate and aggravation with autosome-recessive pathology is shown for several ethnic subdivisions of the population studied.     

Influence of urbanization level on the lethal load and on the intensity of natural selection in the Turkmen population]

Dynamics of genetic load in aboriginal population of the Turkmen SSR was studied using two approaches to calculate "lethal" equivalents. Intensity and structure of natural selection were measured using the Crow's index and its components. All statistics indicated were determined using the data obtained in Ashkhabad city and in two rural populations of Ashkhabad region (Yasman and Nokhur) within the time interval prior to 60s and after 70s. The results obtained made it possible to subdivide the populations under study into three different groups according to different stages of demographic process: 1) urbanized population; 2) rural (transient) population; 3) "relict" rural population.     

Thermoadsorptive separation of DNA by size using a polymeric sorbent

The article describes theoretical aspects of isolation and separation of DNA fragments by size using a polymeric sorbent. On this basis we presented a theoretical model of thermal desorption of DNA fragments of different length. Assuming that, under certain pH, interaction of DNA with the polymer sorbent is of an ion-dipole character and moving dipoles interact with the sorbent according to the Boltzmann distribution with the total charge of the DNA fragment in its pore, the expression for the interaction energy as a function of temperature is obtained. Equating the thermal energy to the interaction energy of the ion-dipole character, we have found the critical temperature of DNA separation from the sorbent. Account of the conformation of single-stranded DNA in the coil form leads to the dependence of DNA separation temperature, i.e., desorption, on the length of the DNA chain. The temperature for desorption increases symbatically to the contour length of DNA.