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1.
Vladimir Elisashvili Eva Kachlishvili Nino Tsiklauri Eka Metreveli Tamar Khardziani Spiros N. Agathos 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2009,25(2):331-339
The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by eleven basidiomycetes species isolated from two ecosystems of Georgia was investigated
for the first time under submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lignocellulosic by-products. Notable intergeneric
and intrageneric differences were revealed with regard to the extent of hydrolase and oxidase activity. Several fungi produced
laccase along with hydrolases in parallel with growth during the trophophase, showing that the synthesis of this enzyme is
not connected with secondary metabolism. The lignocellulosic substrate type had the greatest impact on enzyme secretion. Some
of the substrates significantly stimulated lignocellulolytic enzyme synthesis without supplementation of the culture medium
with specific inducers. Exceptionally high carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase, 122 U ml−1) and xylanase (195 U ml−1) activities were revealed in SF of mandarin peelings by Pseudotremella gibbosa IBB 22 and of residue after ethanol production (REP) by Fomes fomentarius IBB 38, respectively. The SSF of REP by T. pubescens IBB 11 ensured the highest level of laccase activity (24,690 U l−1), whereas the SSF of wheat bran and SF of mandarin peels provided the highest manganese peroxidase activity (570–620 U l−1) of Trichaptum biforme IBB 117. Moreover, the variation of lignocellulosic growth substrate provides an opportunity to obtain enzyme preparations
containing different ratios of individual enzymes. 相似文献
2.
Our recent investigations demonstrated that microinjections of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Analgin,
ketorolac, or xefocam, into the central nucleus of the amygdala produce tolerance to these drugs and cross-tolerance to morphine.
We observed the same phenomenon in the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter. In this report, we show that microinjections of
NSAIDs into the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) produces antinociception, as indicated by latency increases in both tail-flick (TF) and hot-plate (HP) reflexes compared
to controls with saline microinjected into the same nucleus. Furthermore, microinjection of the μ-opioid antagonist naloxone
into the NRM significantly decreased antinociceptive effects of NSAIDs characterized by the TF and HP latencies on the 1st experimental
day. On the 2nd day, naloxone also provided some trend effects in both TF and HP tests. These results strongly support the
suggestion that the endogenous opioid system is significantly involved in NSAID-induced antinociception and tolerance. 相似文献
3.
It is shown that systemic injections of analgin and ketorolac in doses equivalent to those used in clinics induce antinociception
in awake rats (tail-flick test) and, when carried out repetitively, induce tolerance to these agents and cross-tolerance to
morphine (blocked by naloxone).
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 370–373, July–August, 2006. 相似文献
4.
5.
Eva Kachlishvili Michel J. Penninckx Nino Tsiklauri Vladimir Elisashvili 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2006,22(4):391-397
Summary The effect of additional nitrogen sources on lignocellulolytic enzyme production by four species of white-rot fungi (Funalia trogii IBB 146, Lentinus edodes IBB 363, Pleurotus dryinus IBB 903, and P. tuberregium IBB 624) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw and beech tree leaves was strain- and substrate-dependent. In general,
the yields of hydrolytic enzymes and laccase increased by supplementation of medium with an additional nitrogen source. This
stimulating effect of additional nitrogen on enzyme accumulation was due to higher biomass production. Only xylanase specific
activity of P. dryinus IBB 903 and laccase specific activity of L. edodes IBB 363 increased significantly (by 66% and 73%, respectively) in SSF of wheat straw by addition of nitrogen source to the
control medium. Additional nitrogen (20 mM) repressed manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by all fungi tested. The study
of the nitrogen concentration effect revealed that 10 mM peptone concentration was optimal for cellulase and xylanase accumulation
by P. dryinus IBB 903. While variation of the peptone concentration did not cause the change in MnP yield, elevated concentrations of this
nutrient (20–40 mM) led to a 2–3-fold increase of P. dryinus IBB 903 laccase activity. About 10–20 mM concentration of NH4NO3 was optimal for cellulase and xylanase production by F. trogii IBB 146. However, neither the laccase nor the MnP yield was significantly changed by the additional nitrogen source. 相似文献
6.
Zambakhidze NE Sulaberindze KV Mzhavanadze VV Tsiklauri GCh 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》2005,41(4):460-462
Free and bound sterols of leaves of five mulberry cultivars differing in their susceptibility to small leaf curl disease have been studied. The total content of sterols in all samples is similar and is not correlated with the resistance of the cultivars. The qualitative composition of particular sterols is also identical. They are represented by cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, and two 4alpha-methylsterols. The leaves of the most sensitive cultivar are characterized by high cholesterol content. The ratio sitosterol : stigmasterol decreased in proportion to the resistance level of a cultivar. 相似文献
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8.
M. G. Tsagareli N. D. Tsiklauri G. P. Gurtskaia I. R. Nozadze R. A. Kandelaki E. V. Abzianidze 《Neurophysiology》2009,41(6):404-408
Recent investigations have shown that microinjections of non-opioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs,
into some brain areas, particularly, into the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and rostral ventro-medial medulla
(RVM), cause antinociception with some effects of tolerance. Our preliminary findings have also shown the same effects of
tolerance after intraperitoneal injections. The present study was designed to examine whether microinjections of metamizole
(Analgin), ketorolac, and xefocam into the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) lead to the development of tolerance in rats,
and to ascertain whether this nucleus is the pain-modulating pathway through PAG. Our investigation revealed that microinjections
of NSAIDs into the Ce both unilaterally (the left side) and bilaterally produced antinociception, as indicated by a latency
increase in tail-flick reflex (TF) compared to controls with saline, on the first experimental day for Analgin (P < 0.001), ketorolac (P < 0.001), and xefocam (P < 0.001). However, when these drug microinjections were repeated during subsequent days, the antinociceptive effects progressively
diminished so that on the fifth experimental day the TF latency was similar to that in the rats that received repeated injections
of only saline. These results show that, alongside with PAG and RVM, the Ce is an important site of the endogenous antinociceptive
system, which triggers the descending pain control mechanism and thus inhibits nociceptive transmission. On the other hand,
our data confirm the results of other authors that NSAIDs are closely related to endogenous opioids, and tolerance to these
non-opioid drugs probably depends on opioid tolerance. 相似文献
9.
Elisashvili V Penninckx M Kachlishvili E Tsiklauri N Metreveli E Kharziani T Kvesitadze G 《Bioresource technology》2008,99(3):457-462
Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus species from various origins were compared for the first time for their ability to produce lignocellulolytic enzyme in solid-state (SSF) and submerged (SF) fermentation of various plant raw material. Fungi cultivation in identical culture conditions revealed wide differences among both species and strains of the same species. The yields of CMCase (62.3Uml(-1)), xylanase (84.1 U ml(-1)), FPA (5.9 U ml(-1)), and laccase (4103 Ul(-1)) are the best so far obtained with the strains of oyster mushrooms. The study pointed out that the nature of lignocellulosic material and the method of fungi cultivation are factors determining the expression of lignocellulolytic potential of fungi as well as the ratio of individual enzymes in enzyme complex. SSF of tree leaves is favorable for laccase and MnP secretion by the majority L. edodes and Pleurotus strains, whereas SF provides better production of hydrolytic enzymes. 相似文献
10.
16S rDNA characterisation of bacterial and archaeal communities during start-up of anaerobic thermophilic digestion of cattle manure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chachkhiani M Dabert P Abzianidze T Partskhaladze G Tsiklauri L Dudauri T Godon JJ 《Bioresource technology》2004,93(3):227-232
A laboratory-scale continuously stirred anaerobic thermophilic batch digester was inoculated with cattle manure. Bacterial and archaeal communities, as well as digester performances, were analysed during reactor start-up for about 20 days. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used for overall detection and for study of the dynamics of microbial populations. Dominant bacteria and archaea 16S rDNAs were sequenced from the sample on day 12. Ten bacteria and 3 archaea OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified from the 52 clones sequenced. Sequences corresponding to the dominant bacterial SSCP peak were phylogenetically close to the 16S rDNA sequence of Bacillus thermoterrestris, whereas sequences corresponding to the two dominant archaeal SSCP peaks were phylogenetically close to the 16S rDNA sequence of Methanoculleus thermophilicus and Methanosarcina thermophila. 相似文献