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排序方式: 共有155条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Litman GW; Rast JP; Shamblott MJ; Haire RN; Hulst M; Roess W; Litman RT; Hinds- Frey KR; Zilch A; Amemiya CT 《Molecular biology and evolution》1993,10(1):60-72
Immunoglobulins are encoded by a large multigene system that undergoes
somatic rearrangement and additional genetic change during the development
of immunoglobulin-producing cells. Inducible antibody and antibody-like
responses are found in all vertebrates. However, immunoglobulin possessing
disulfide-bonded heavy and light chains and domain-type organization has
been described only in representatives of the jawed vertebrates. High
degrees of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence identity are
evident when the segmental elements that constitute the immunoglobulin gene
loci in phylogenetically divergent vertebrates are compared. However, the
organization of gene loci and the manner in which the independent elements
recombine (and diversify) vary markedly among different taxa. One striking
pattern of gene organization is the "cluster type" that appears to be
restricted to the chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) and limits
segmental rearrangement to closely linked elements. This type of gene
organization is associated with both heavy- and light-chain gene loci. In
some cases, the clusters are "joined" or "partially joined" in the germ
line, in effect predetermining or partially predetermining, respectively,
the encoded specificities (the assumption being that these are expressed)
of the individual loci. By relating the sequences of transcribed gene
products to their respective germ-line genes, it is evident that, in some
cases, joined-type genes are expressed. This raises a question about the
existence and/or nature of allelic exclusion in these species. The
extensive variation in gene organization found throughout the vertebrate
species may relate directly to the role of intersegmental
(V<==>D<==>J) distances in the commitment of the individual
antibody-producing cell to a particular genetic specificity. Thus, the
evolution of this locus, perhaps more so than that of others, may reflect
the interrelationships between genetic organization and function.
相似文献
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Fiona C. Lewis‐McDougall Prashant J. Ruchaya Eva Domenjo‐Vila Tze Shin Teoh Larissa Prata Beverley J. Cottle James E. Clark Prakash P. Punjabi Wael Awad Daniele Torella Tamara Tchkonia James L. Kirkland Georgina M. Ellison‐Hughes 《Aging cell》2019,18(3)
Aging leads to increased cellular senescence and is associated with decreased potency of tissue‐specific stem/progenitor cells. Here, we have done an extensive analysis of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated from human subjects with cardiovascular disease, aged 32–86 years. In aged subjects (>70 years old), over half of CPCs are senescent (p16INK4A, SA‐β‐gal, DNA damage γH2AX, telomere length, senescence‐associated secretory phenotype [SASP]), unable to replicate, differentiate, regenerate or restore cardiac function following transplantation into the infarcted heart. SASP factors secreted by senescent CPCs renders otherwise healthy CPCs to senescence. Elimination of senescent CPCs using senolytics abrogates the SASP and its debilitative effect in vitro. Global elimination of senescent cells in aged mice (INK‐ATTAC or wild‐type mice treated with D + Q senolytics) in vivo activates resident CPCs and increased the number of small Ki67‐, EdU‐positive cardiomyocytes. Therapeutic approaches that eliminate senescent cells may alleviate cardiac deterioration with aging and restore the regenerative capacity of the heart. 相似文献
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Ellison GM Torella D Karakikes I Purushothaman S Curcio A Gasparri C Indolfi C Cable NT Goldspink DF Nadal-Ginard B 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2007,282(15):11397-11409
A hyperadrenergic state is a seminal aspect of chronic heart failure. Also, "Takotsubo stress cardiomyopathy," is associated with increased plasma catecholamine levels. The mechanisms of myocyte damage secondary to excess catecholamine exposure as well as the consequence of this neurohumoral burst on cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are unknown. Cardiomyocytes and CSCs were exposed to high doses of isoproterenol (ISO), in vivo and in vitro. Male Wistar rats received a single injection of ISO (5 mg kg-1) and were sacrificed 1, 3, and 6 days later. In comparison with controls, LV function was impaired in rats 1 day after ISO and started to improve at 3 days. The fraction of dead myocytes peaked 1 day after ISO and decreased thereafter. ISO administration resulted in significant ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) hyperphosphorylation and RyR2-calstabin dissociation. JTV519, a RyR2 stabilizer, prevented the ISO-induced death of adult myocytes in vitro. In contrast, CSCs were resistant to the acute neurohumoral overload. Indeed, CSCs expressed a decreased and inverted complement of beta1/beta2-adrenoreceptors and absence of RyR2, which may explain their survival to ISO insult. Thus, a single injection of ISO causes diffuse myocyte death through Ca2+ leakage secondary to the acutely dysfunctional RyR2. CSCs are resistant to the noxious effects of an acute hyperadrenergic state and through their activation participate in the response to the ISO-induced myocardial injury. The latter could contribute to the ability of the myocardium to rapidly recover from acute hyperadrenergic damage. 相似文献
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Background
In addition to known protein-coding genes, large amounts of apparently non-coding sequence are conserved between the human and mouse genomes. It seems reasonable to assume that these conserved regions are more likely to contain functional elements than less-conserved portions of the genome. 相似文献7.
Indolfi C Torella D Coppola C Stabile E Esposito G Curcio A Pisani A Cavuto L Arcucci O Cireddu M Troncone G Chiariello M 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2002,283(2):H760-H767
The best animal angioplasty model is the porcine model, which is expensive and not available in all laboratories. The aim of this study was to describe a new rat model of angioplasty. An injury was induced with the use of a standard percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) 1.5-mm balloon catheter. The neointimal tissue, arterial dimensions, and the injury index were assessed following angioplasty. Ki-67 expression was detected to evaluate cell turnover after balloon angioplasty. In contrast with the standard Clowes model, a significant neointimal formation was detected only in the presence of ruptured internal elastic lamina (IEL). A positive correlation between the percentage of ruptured IEL and the amount of neointimal tissue was also demonstrated. The percentage of IEL fracture correlates with the proliferation index by anti-Ki-67 immunolabeling 7 and 14 days after the angioplasty. Significant arterial negative remodeling was observed following PTCA balloon dilation. In conclusion, our inexpensive animal model of restenosis after angioplasty may have great relevance toward a better understanding of the mechanisms and toward assessment of new therapeutical strategies for this phenomenon. 相似文献
8.
van Dijken JP Bauer J Brambilla L Duboc P Francois JM Gancedo C Giuseppin ML Heijnen JJ Hoare M Lange HC Madden EA Niederberger P Nielsen J Parrou JL Petit T Porro D Reuss M van Riel N Rizzi M Steensma HY Verrips CT Vindeløv J Pronk JT 《Enzyme and microbial technology》2000,26(9-10):706-714
To select a Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference strain amenable to experimental techniques used in (molecular) genetic, physiological and biochemical engineering research, a variety of properties were studied in four diploid, prototrophic laboratory strains. The following parameters were investigated: 1) maximum specific growth rate in shake-flask cultures; 2) biomass yields on glucose during growth on defined media in batch cultures and steady-state chemostat cultures under controlled conditions with respect to pH and dissolved oxygen concentration; 3) the critical specific growth rate above which aerobic fermentation becomes apparent in glucose-limited accelerostat cultures; 4) sporulation and mating efficiency; and 5) transformation efficiency via the lithium-acetate, bicine, and electroporation methods. On the basis of physiological as well as genetic properties, strains from the CEN.PK family were selected as a platform for cell-factory research on the stoichiometry and kinetics of growth and product formation. 相似文献
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Luca Salvatore De Santo Michele Torella Gianpaolo Romano Ciro Maiello Marianna Buonocore Ciro Bancone Alessandro Della Corte Nicola Galdieri Gianantonio Nappi Cristiano Amarelli 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
MethodsData on 362 consecutive recipients (mean age: 47.8±13.7, 20.2% female, 18.2% diabetics, 22.1% with previous cardiac operations, 27.6% hospitalized, 84.9±29.4 ml/min preoperative glomerular filtration rate) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression modeling. Target outcomes were determinants of troponin release, early graft failure (EGF), acute kidney injury (AKI) and operative death.ResultsMean cTnI release measured 24 hours after transplant was 10.9±11.6 μg/L. Overall hospital mortality was 10.8%, EGF 10.5%, and AKI was 12.2%. cTnI release>10 μg/L proved an independent predictor of EGF (OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.06–4.6) and AKI (OR 1.031; 95% CI, 1.001-1.064). EGF, in turn, proved a determinant of hospital mortality. Risk factors for cTnI>10 μg/L release were: status 2B (OR 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18-0.69, protective), duration of the ischemic period (OR 1.006; 95% CI, 1.001-1.011), previous cardiac operation (OR 2.9; 95% CI, 1.67-5.0), and left ventricular hypertrophy (OR 3.3; 95% CI, 1.9-5.6).ConclusionsMyocardial enzyme leakage clearly emerged as an epiphenomenon of more complicated clinical course. The complex interplay between surgical procedure features, graft characteristics and recipient end-organ function highlights cTnI release as a risk marker of graft failure and acute kidney injury. The search for optimal myocardial preservation is still an issue. 相似文献