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1.
F. Yoshie 《Oecologia》1986,68(3):370-374
Summary Photosynthesis and transpiration were measured simultaneously, under near-optimum and constant environmental conditions, in intact leaves of plants native to the temperate forest region. A linear relationship between photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance was found in every species tested irrespective of leaf age or season, indicating that the calculated intercellular CO2 concentration and water-use efficiency were fairly constant within a species. The values of intercellular CO2 concentration and water-use efficiency ranged from 221 to 271 l l–1
and 4.46 to 8.20 mol CO2 mmolH2O–1 (6.24±0.90 mol CO2 mmolH2O–1), respectively. The variations in intercellular CO2 concentration and water-use efficiency were not directly related to photosynthetic capacities, life-forms, or microhabitat preferences. The intercellular CO2 concentrations found in this study were close to values reported from cultivated plants and plants native to more arid regions, suggesting a common mechanism to maintain the stomatal conductance proportional to photosynthetic capacity over a wide variety of C3 plants. 相似文献
2.
Binding and crosslinking of 125I-labeled recombinant human tumor necrosis factor to cell surface receptors 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Highly purified recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (molecular mass determined as 17 kilodaltons (kDa) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and as 36 kDa by Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography) was labeled with 125I to a specific activity of 5 microCi/micrograms without appreciable loss of activity. The binding of 125I-TNF to eighteen human and twelve animal cell lines was examined. The binding varied considerably among different cell lines. In most cell lines, the binding was inhibited up to greater than 90% by the addition of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled TNF. Some human and mouse cell lines showed no significant binding above background levels, suggesting that these cell lines had no receptors for TNF. Among the TNF receptor-positive cell lines, there was no direct correlation between the level of specific TNF binding and the level of sensitivity to the cytotoxic or cytostatic effect of TNF. Some cell lines were sensitive to TNF, whereas others were not affected at all by TNF. The TNF receptor-negative cell lines were also resistant to TNF. Therefore, although the existence of TNF receptor seems to be necessary, it does not alone determine cellular sensitivity to TNF. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that human HeLa S3 and THP-1 had about 50,000 and 10,000 receptors/cell with a dissociation constant (KD) of 0.3-0.5 nM, respectively. Similarly, mouse L-929 and L-M cells had about 5,000 receptors/cell with KD of 3-5 nM. 125I-TNF bound to HeLa S3 cells was rapidly internalized at 37 degrees C, presumably by receptor-mediated endocytosis, and degraded to acid-soluble products. The turnover of TNF receptors on HeLA S3 cells seemed to be rapid, since the level of specific binding quickly decreased after treatment with 100 micrograms/ml of cycloheximide at 37 degrees C with a half-life of about 1.5 h. The crosslinking of the cell-bound 125I-TNF with the use of disuccinimidyl suberate yielded a complex of 105 kDa for HeLa S3 and THP-1 cells, and a complex of 100 kDa for U937 cells. The crosslinking was completely inhibited by the addition of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled TNF. Assuming that the complex was due to a one-to-one association of the dimeric form of TNF (34 kDa) with the receptor, we estimated the molecular size of the human TNF receptor to be 71 kDa for HeLa S3 and THP-1, and 66 kDa for U937. 相似文献
3.
4.
K Tomoo H Ohishi M Doi T Ishida M Inoue K Ikeda Y Hata Y Samejima 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1992,184(1):137-143
The crystal structure of acidic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon halys blomhoffii has been determined by molecular replacement methods based on the known structure of Crotalus atrox PLA2, a same group II enzyme. The overall structures, except the calcium-binding regions, are very similar to each other. A calcium ion is pentagonally ligated to two carboxylate oxygen atoms of Asp-49 and each carbonyl oxygen atoms of Tyr-28, Gly-30 and Ala-31. A reason why the former enzyme functions as monomeric form, while the latter one does as dimer, could be presumed by the structural comparison of these calcium-binding regions. Although Gly-32 is usually participated as a ligand in the coordination with calcium ion in group I PLA2, it is characteristically replaced to Ala-31 in the present structure, and thus the coordination geometry of calcium ion is rather different from the usually observed one. 相似文献
5.
Haruko Ogawa Ako Hijikata Maho Amano Kyoko Kojima Hisako Fukushima Ineo Ishizuka Yoshie Kurihara Isamu Matsumoto 《Glycoconjugate journal》1996,13(4):555-566
The oligosaccharide structures ofCry j I, a major allergenic glycoprotein ofCryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar, sugi), were analysed by 400 MHz1H-NMR and two-dimensional sugar mapping analyses. The four major fractions comprised a series of biantennary complex type N-linked oligosaccharides that share a fucose/xylose-containing core and glucosamine branches including a novel structure with a nongalactosylated fucosylglucosamine branch.Rabbit polyclonal anti-Cry j I IgG antibodies cross-reacted with three different plant glycoproteins having the same or shorter N-linked oligosaccharides asCry j I. ELISA and ELISA inhibition studies with intact glycoproteins, glycopeptides and peptides indicated that both anti-Cry j I IgGs and anti-Sophora japonica bark lectin II (B-SJA-II) IgGs included oligosaccharide-specific antibodies with different specificities, and that the epitopic structures against anti-Cry j I IgGs include a branch containing 1–6 linked fucose and a core containing fucose/xylose, while those against anti-B-SJA-II IgGs include nonreducing terminal mannose residues. The cross-reactivities of human allergic sera to miraculin andClerodendron Trichotomum lectin (CTA) were low, and inhibition studies suggested that the oligosaccharides onCry j I contribute little or only conformationally to the reactivity of specific IgE antibodies.Abbreviations
Cry j I
a major allergenic glycoprotein ofCryptomeria japonica
- B-SJA-II
Sophora japonica bark lectin II
- CTA
Clerodendron trichotomum lectin
- TFMS
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
- HRP
horseradish peroxidase 相似文献
6.
In the evergreen Fagaceae forests of Japan, an ectomycorrhizal fungusTricholoma bakamatsutake forms shiros or developing mycelial blocks. To determine the physiological characteristics of the mycelial blocks, organic acids of the soil and major nutrient elements of the soil and roots were compared at three types of sites: presently colonized mycelial blocks, previously colonized sites behind the blocks, and uncolonized sites in front of the blocks. The upper part of the mycelial blocks showed the following features compared with the uncolonized site: lower pH (5.1), higher concentrations of oxalic and gluconic acids, lower content of total nitrogen, a similar amount of total carbon, reduced total and available phosphorus, higher content of total calcium and lower content of exchangeable calcium. These findings suggested that the activity of the fungus led to soil acidification by the organic acids, an increase in C/N ratio, depletion of phosphorus and accumulation of calcium. 相似文献
7.
Seasonal changes in the spermatogenic epithelium of adult Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata)
Tomoo Enomoto Kiyoaki Matsubayashi Yasukazu Nagato Mayumi Nakano 《Primates; journal of primatology》1994,35(4):465-472
A histological study was undertaken to clarify seasonal changes in the spermatogenic epithelium of Japanese macaques. Testicular
tissue samples were excised by biopsies from five adult laboratory-maintained males in mating and non-mating seasons. The
samples were fixed with Bouin's solution, embedded in paraffin, and stained with PAS and hematoxylin. Microscopic observations
on cross-sections of seminiferous tubules revealed that the seminiferous epithelium in the mating season was thicker than
in the non-mating season. PAS-stained granules were found in some of the dark A-type spermatogonia, which significantly increased
in the non-mating season. Spermatids of the steps preceding the appearance of the acrosomic cap in stages I to III were observed
significantly more often than those in the step coinciding with the formation of the acrosomic cap in stage IV. In stage I,
the ratio of mature spermatids or spermatozoa to immature spermatids in the mating season was higher than that in the non-mating
season. These findings suggest that spermiogenesis, as well as spermatocytogenesis, is inhibited in the non-mating season. 相似文献
8.
Hideaki Matsuoka Yasushi Kazuno Takuji Horie Tomoo Homma Yasuyuki Nemoto 《Cytotechnology》1993,11(1):59-65
Possible roles of coexisting cells in inducing neurite growth from a nerve cell were studied. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-inducing neurite growth from PC12h-R (a cell line derived from cultured nerve cells) was investigated at various cell densities. At the cell density 102104 cells/ml neurites appeared even without NGF. In contrast, no neurite appeared without NGF in single cell culture. The neurite growth observed in plural cell culture without NGF was only partially inhibited by antibody to NGF receptor (Ab-NGFR). However, the effect of the used medium alone was mostly inhibited by Ab-NGFR. These results suggest that the neurite inducing potency of coexisting cells is via different sites than the NGF receptor.Abbreviations Ab-IgG-FITC
anti-mouse-IgG labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Ab-NF
monoclonal antibody to neurofilament 160 kD
- Ab-NGFR
monoclonal antibody to NGF receptor
- BDNF
brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- D-medium
medium for differentiation culture
- DMEM
Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- M-medium
medium for multiplication culture
- NGF
nerve growth factor
- NGFR
NGF receptor
- NT-3
neurotrophin-3
- PC12
pheochromocytoma cell line
- PC12h-R
subclone of PC12
- Sup-D
supernatant of D-medium 相似文献
9.
10.
A Yamamoto T Kaji K Tomoo T Ishida M Inoue M Murata K Kitamura 《Journal of molecular biology》1992,227(3):942-944
Cathepsin B from bovine spleen has been purified and crystallized as a complex with a specific inhibitor CA074 [N-(L-3-trans-propylcarbamoyloxirane-2-carbonyl)-L- isoleucyl-L-proline], using the hanging-drop method. The complex crystals obtained from 50 mM-citrate buffer (pH 3.5) belong to the tetragonal space group P4(1) (or P4(3)) with a = 73.06 A and c = 141.59 A, and diffract beyond 2.2 A resolution. There are two complex molecules per asymmetric unit giving a packing density of 3.37 A3/Da and indicating a high solvent content of 63.5%. 相似文献