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The anabolic action of intermittent parathyroid hormone on cortical bone depends partly on its ability to induce nitric oxide‐mediated vasorelaxation in BALB/c mice
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S Gohin A Carriero C Chenu AA Pitsillides TR Arnett M Marenzana 《Cell biochemistry and function》2016,34(2):52-62
There is strong evidence that vasodilatory nitric oxide (NO) donors have anabolic effects on bone in humans. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the only osteoanabolic drug currently approved, is also a vasodilator. We investigated whether the NO synthase inhibitor L‐NAME might alter the effect of PTH on bone by blocking its vasodilatory effect. BALB/c mice received 28 daily injections of PTH[1–34] (80 µg/kg/day) or L‐NAME (30 mg/kg/day), alone or in combination. Hindlimb blood perfusion was measured by laser Doppler imaging. Bone architecture, turnover and mechanical properties in the femur were analysed respectively by micro‐CT, histomorphometry and three‐point bending. PTH increased hindlimb blood flow by >30% within 10 min of injection (P < 0.001). Co‐treatment with L‐NAME blocked the action of PTH on blood flow, whereas L‐NAME alone had no effect. PTH treatment increased femoral cortical bone volume and formation rate by 20% and 110%, respectively (P < 0.001). PTH had no effect on trabecular bone volume in the femoral metaphysis although trabecular thickness and number were increased and decreased by 25%, respectively. Co‐treatment with L‐NAME restricted the PTH‐stimulated increase in cortical bone formation but had no clear‐cut effects in trabecular bone. Co‐treatment with L‐NAME did not affect the mechanical strength in femurs induced by iPTH. These results suggest that NO‐mediated vasorelaxation plays partly a role in the anabolic action of PTH on cortical bone. © 2016 The Authors. Cell Biochemistry and Function published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Nuclear gene trees and the phylogenetic relationships of the mangabeys (Primates: Papionini) 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Phylogenetic relationships of mangabeys within the Old World monkey tribe
Papionini are inferred from analyses of nuclear DNA sequences from five
unlinked loci. The following conclusions are strongly supported, based on
congruence among trees derived for the five separate gene regions: (1)
mangabeys are polyphyletic within the Papionini; (2) Cercocebus is the
sister taxon to the genus Mandrillus; and (3) Lophocebus belongs to a clade
with Papio and Theropithecus, with Papio as its most likely sister taxon.
Morphologically based phylogenies positing mangabey monophyly were
evaluated by mapping the sequences for each locus on these trees. The data
seem to fit these trees poorly in both maximum-parsimony and likelihood
analyses. Incongruence among nuclear gene trees occurred in the
interrelationships among Lophocebus, Papio, and Theropithecus. Several
factors that may account for this incongruence are discussed, including
sampling error, random lineage sorting, and introgression.
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PPCMatrix: a PowerPC dotmatrix program to compare large genomic sequences against protein sequences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary : An interactive dotmatrix program for the MacOS was designed that
allows comparison of DNA to protein sequences using nested 3-frame
translations. Availability : Shareware, available at
http://copan.bioz.unibas.ch/software/ Contact : burglin@ubaclu. unibas.ch
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In prior studies we learned that colonization of soil can be as important as colonization of roots in determining mycorrhizal influence on the water relations of host plants. Here we use a path analysis modeling approach to test (a) whether quantity of hyphae in soil contributes to variations in stomatal behavior and soil drying, and (b) whether soil colonization or root colonization has a stronger influence on these stomatal and soil drying responses. Experiments were performed on Sorghum bicolor and Cucurbita pepo, with soils and roots colonized by a mixture of Glomus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita. Soil colonization generally made more significant contributions to stomatal conductance than did root colonization. Soil colonization did not make significant direct contributions to soil water potential measures (soil water potential at stomatal closure or soil drying rate), whereas root colonization did contribute a potentially important path to each. The findings further support a role for mycorrhization of the soil itself in contributing to the regulation of stomatal behavior of host plants. 相似文献
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Vincent J. Tepedino Diane Gail Alston Brosi A. Bradley Trent R. Toler Terry L. Griswold 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2007,16(11):3083-3094
Capitol Reef National Park in central Utah, USA surrounds 22 managed fruit orchards started over a century ago by Mormon pioneers.
Honey bees are imported for pollination, although the area in which the Park is embedded has over 700 species of native bees,
many of which are potential orchard pollinators. We studied the visitation of native bees to apple, pear, apricot, and sweet
cherry over 2 years. Thirty species of bees visited the flowers but, except for pear flowers, most were uncommon compared
to honey bees. Evidence that honey bees prevented native bees from foraging on orchard crop flowers was equivocal: generally,
honey bee and native bee visitation rates to the flowers were not negatively correlated, nor were native bee visitation rates
positively correlated with distance of orchards from honey bee hives. Conversely, competition was tentatively suggested by
much larger numbers of honey bees than natives on the flowers of apples, apricots and cherry; and by the large increase of
native bees on pears, where honey bee numbers were low. At least one-third of the native bee species visiting the flowers
are potential pollinators, including cavity-nesting species such as Osmia lignaria propinqua, currently managed for small orchard pollination in the US, plus several fossorial species, including one rosaceous flower
specialist (Andrena milwaukiensis). We suggest that gradual withdrawal of honey bees from the Park would help conserve native bee populations without decreasing
orchard crop productivity, and would serve as a demonstration of the commercial value of native pollinators. 相似文献
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Vincent J. Tepedino Trent R. Toler Brosi A. Bradley Jessica L. Hawk Terry L. Griswold 《Plant Ecology》2007,193(1):59-69
We studied the breeding system and flower visitors of the endangered plant, Penstemon haydenii, at several south-central Wyoming, USA occurrences. In agreement with earlier studies of the species 300 km to the east in
Nebraska, we found Wyoming plants to be self-incompatible and pollinator-dependent for sexual reproduction. Flower visitors
were several species of native bees in the families Apidae (particularly bumblebees), Halictidae (small sweat bees), and Megachilidae
(especially in the genus Osmia); and the masarid wasp Pseudomasaris vespoides. Especially important was Osmia brevis, an abundant megachilid bee, and one of only two species (the sweat bee Lasioglossum (Dialictus) pruinosum was the other) present at all five sites. As in Nebraska, fruit set did not differ between our experimental cross-pollination
treatment and an open-pollinated control. However, unlike Nebraska, open-pollinated treatments in Wyoming produced significantly
fewer seeds per fruit than the experimental out-crossing treatment. We discuss several possible explanations for seed limitation:
(1) a scarcity of pollinators early in the flowering season; (2) resource competition for developing ovules on open-pollinated
inflorescences but not on experimental inflorescences; (3) the deposition of self pollen through intra-inflorescence and intra-genet
pollinator movements; (4) few S-alleles and mating types in the Wyoming metapopulation compared to the Nebraska metapopulation,
from which it likely derives. 相似文献
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Rodent feeder devices are often made of reusable, sanitizable materials such as glass and stainless steel. As part of an initiative at the authors' facility to automate the feeder filling process, disposable plastic feeding cups were proposed as a preferable alternative to standard feeders for use in a filling machine. The authors tested and validated designs for rodent meal-type feeder assemblies that incorporated plastic cups. Assemblies included stainless steel shields that prevented rats and mice from chewing on the plastic cups while allowing them full access to food. The use of disposable feeder cups that are filled and sealed automatically reduces labor associated with sanitation, enables staff to prepare feeders for several weeks in advance and limits personnel contact with feed that may contain harmful chemicals. 相似文献