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1.
叶片阶段性白化小麦的叶绿体激发能分配和荧光动力学特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
叶片阶段性白化小麦是一种非常特殊的色素突变体。本文对其白色、白绿相嵌及转绿叶片的叶绿体光化活性分别进行了测定。试验表明:(1)白化和白绿相嵌叶片的叶绿体色素合成处于停滞阶段,转绿叶片则处于色素迅速合成阶段;(2)白化、白绿相嵌和转绿叶片叶绿体的激发能传递呈递增趋势;(3)三者对绿体的PSⅡ活性和原初光能转化效率也呈递增趋势;(4)白化叶片叶绿体缺乏PSⅠ和PSⅡ外周天线色素蛋白,白绿相嵌和转绿叶片的类囊体膜多肽组分与正常叶片相近似。 相似文献
2.
高温胁迫对光系统Ⅱ异质性的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
高温胁迫可诱导光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)活性中心转化为无活性中心。本文讨论了在高温胁迫导致荧光猝灭的情况下如何用叶绿素荧光动力学计算PSⅡ无活性中心相对含量的问题。正常的小麦叶片其PSⅡ无活性中心相对含量(Fvi/FV)约为0.155±0.011。小麦叶片经50℃1分钟高温胁迫后,其Fvi(相对于正常Fv)降至对照的70%,在随后室温下60分钟内又降至50%。而55℃5分钟和55℃10分钟高温胁迫后,在恢复期内其PSⅡ无活性中心的含量从常温的1.4倍左右的基础上分别上升至2.4和2.9倍,说明高温胁迫对PSⅡ中心除了起瞬时钝化作用外,还存在一个间接的较为缓慢的持续钝化作用。 相似文献
3.
Jie Wang Long‐Jiang Yu Wenda Wang Qiujing Yan Tingyun Kuang Xiaochun Qin Jian‐Ren Shen 《植物学报(英文版)》2021,63(7):1367-1381
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems in photosynthesis, and performs a series of electron transfer reactions leading to the reduction of ferredoxin. In higher plants, PSI is surrounded by four light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, which harvest and transfer energy efficiently to the PSI core. The crystal structure of PSI-LHCI supercomplex has been analyzed up to 2.6 Å resolution, providing much information on the arrangement of proteins and cofactors in this complicated supercomplex. Here we have optimized crystallization conditions, and analyzed the crystal structure of PSI-LHCI at 2.4 Å resolution. Our structure showed some shift of the LHCI, especially the Lhca4 subunit, away from the PSI core, suggesting the indirect connection and inefficiency of energy transfer from this Lhca subunit to the PSI core. We identified five new lipids in the structure, most of them are located in the gap region between the Lhca subunits and the PSI core. These lipid molecules may play important roles in binding of the Lhca subunits to the core, as well as in the assembly of the supercomplex. The present results thus provide novel information for the elucidation of the mechanisms for the light-energy harvesting, transfer and assembly of this supercomplex. 相似文献
4.
Photosynthetic characteristics and tolerance to photo-oxidation of transgenic rice expressing C4 photosynthesis enzymes 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
The photosynthetic characteristics of four transgenic rice lines over-expressing rice NADP-malic enzyme (ME), and maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PC), pyruvate,orthophosphate dikinase (PK), and PC+PK (CK) were investigated using outdoor-grown plants.
Relative to untransformed wild-type (WT) rice, PC transgenic rice exhibited high PC activity (25-fold increase) and enhanced
activity of carbonic anhydrase (more than two-fold increase), while the activity of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
(Rubisco) and its kinetic property were not significantly altered. The PC transgenic plants also showed a higher light intensity
for saturation of photosynthesis, higher photosynthetic CO2 uptake rate and carboxylation efficiency, and slightly reduced CO2 compensation point. In addition, chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis indicates that PC transgenic plants are more tolerant to photo-oxidative stress, due to a higher capacity
to quench excess light energy via photochemical and non-photochemical means. Furthermore, PC and CK transgenic rice produced
22–24% more grains than WT plants. Taken together, these results suggest that expression of maize C4 photosynthesis enzymes in rice, a C3 plant, can improve its photosynthetic capacity with enhanced tolerance to photo-oxidation.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Proteomics approach to identify wound-response related proteins from rice leaf sheath 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In order to avoid the complex conditions of the intact plant for simple analysis of proteins in wound-response stress, we used the detached rice leaf sheath which is a very active part of the rice seedling. Proteins were extracted from rice leaf sheath at 0, 12, 24, 48 h after cutting and separated by two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Changes in differentially displayed proteins were found in leaf sheaths after cutting in the 0-48 h time course. Ten proteins were up-regulated, while 19 proteins were down-regulated compared with those on the four 2-D gels. Among them, 14 proteins were analyzed by N-terminal, or internal amino acid sequence. The clear functions of nine proteins could be identified. Six proteins did not yield amino acid sequence information due to their blocked N-termini. Furthermore, 11 proteins were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, and identified protein database matching. It was shown that the down-regulated proteins were calreticulin (nos. 5, 6), histone H1 (no. 15) and hemoglobin (no. 17), putative peroxidase (no. 19); the up-regulated proteins were Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor (no. 23), putative receptor-like protein kinase (nos. 24, 25), calmodulin-related protein (no. 26), small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (no. 27), mannose-binding rice lectin (nos. 28, 29). Among all the above proteins, four (nos. 23, 24, 25, 26) have been confirmed to be wound-response proteins. The others cannot be excluded as also being related to wound-responses, such as the signal transduction-related proteins (nos. 5, 6), photosynthesis-related protein (no. 27), and stress-response proteins (nos. 19, 28, 29). This is the first time protein changes in response to wounding in rice leaf sheath have been shown. 相似文献
6.
The effects of high salinity (0-400 mmol/L NaCl) on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and photosynthetic pigment composition were investigated in the halophyte Artimisia anethifolia grown under outdoor conditions and exposed to full sunlight. High salinity resulted in an inhibition in plant growth and a significant accumulation of sodium and chloride in leaves. However, high salinity induced no effects on the actual PSII efficiency, the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres, photochemical quenching, and non-photochemical quenching at midday. High salinity also induced neither changes in the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry, the efficiency with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain further than QA and the quantum yield of electron transport beyond QA, nor changes in absorption, trapping and electron transport fluxes per PSII reaction centre. No significant changes were observed in the levels of neoxanthin, lutein, beta-carotene, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin expressed on a total chlorophyll basis in salt-adapted plants. Our results suggest that Artimisia anethifolia showed high resistance not only to high salinity, but also to photoinhibition even if it was treated with high salinity as high as 400 mmol/L NaCl and exposed to full sunlight. The results indicate that tolerance of PSII to high salinity and photoinhibition can be viewed as an important strategy for Artimisia anethifolia, a halophyte plant, to grow in very high saline soil. 相似文献
7.
Zhu Qingjun Yang Yanyan Xiao Yanan Han Wenhui Li Xingyue Wang Wenda Kuang Tingyun Shen Jian-Ren Han Guangye 《Photosynthesis research》2022,152(2):193-206
Photosynthesis Research - Photosystem II (PSII) has a number of hydrogen-bonding networks connecting the manganese cluster with the lumenal bulk solution. The structure of PSII from... 相似文献
8.
Impaired photosynthesis in phosphatidylglycerol-deficient mutant of cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 with a disrupted gene encoding a putative phosphatidylglycerophosphatase
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Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a ubiquitous phospholipid in thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts and plays an important role in the structure and function of photosynthetic membranes. The last step of the PG biosynthesis is dephosphorylation of phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) catalyzed by PGP phosphatase. However, the gene-encoding PGP phosphatase has not been identified and cloned from cyanobacteria or higher plants. In this study, we constructed a PG-deficient mutant from cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 with a disrupted gene (alr1715, a gene for Alr1715 protein, GenBank accession no. BAB78081) encoding a putative PGP phosphatase. The obtained mutant showed an approximately 30% reduction in the cellular content of PG. Following the reduction in the PG content, the photoautotrophical growth of the mutant was restrained, and the cellular content of chlorophyll was decreased. The decreases in net photosynthetic and photosystem II (PSII) activities on a cell basis also occurred in this mutant. Simultaneously, the photochemical efficiency of PSII was considerably declined, and less excitation energy was transferred toward PSII. These findings demonstrate that the alr1715 gene of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 is involved in the biosynthesis of PG and essential for photosynthesis. 相似文献
9.
Three isoforms of the major light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl) a/b complexs of photosystem II (LHCIIb) in the pea, namely, Lhcb1, Lhcb2, and Lhcb3, were obtained by overexpression of apoprotein in Escherichia coli and by successfully refolding these isoforms with thylakoid pigments in vitro. The sequences of the protein, pigment stoichiometries, spectroscopic characteristics, thermo- and photostabilities of different isoforms were analysed. Comparison of their spectroscopic properties and structural stabilities revealed that Lhcb3 differed strongly from Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 in both respects. It showed the lowest Qy transition energy, with its reddest absorption about 2 nm red-shifted, and the highest photostability under strong illuminations. Among the three isoforms, Lhcb 2 showed lowest thermal stability regarding energy transfer from Chl b to Chl a in the complexes, which implies that the main function of Lhcb 2 under high temperature stress is not the energy transfer. 相似文献
10.
Zhai Huqu Cao Shuqing Wan Jianmin Zhang Rongxian Lu Wei Li Liangbi Kuang Tingyun Min Shaokai Zhu Defeng Cheng Shihua 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2002,45(6):637-646
The characteristics of dry matter production before and after heading and the relationships between photosynthesis of flag
leaves and dry matter accumulation in panicles were investigated on super high-yielding rice cv. Xieyou 9308 (the yield of
up to 12 t/ha) with rice cv. Xieyou 63 as a control. The results showed that (i) the capacity of dry matter production before
and after heading in Xieyou 9308, i.e. biomass and daily dry matter production, was remarkably higher than that in Xieyou
63, especially after heading; (ii) CO2 assimilation capacity in flag leaves in Xieyou 9308, namely Leaf Source Capacity (LSC), was also significantly higher than
that in Xieyou 63, and the supply of photosynthate in leaves and the demand of grain filling were completely synchronous in
Xieyou 9308, but photosynthetic function in flag leaves in Xieyou 63 declined sharply 20 days after heading and it was not
enough to meet the demand of grain filling. These results confirmed that high efficient photosynthetic function in leaves
after heading and its complete synchronization with grain filling are the key approaches to super high yield of rice. 相似文献