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Edward John Tilt 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1890,1(1533):1167-1168
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Smallholders and the ‘Household Responsibility System’: Adapting to Institutional Change in Chinese Agriculture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
During the last quarter century, China’s agricultural sector has undergone a dramatic transformation from collective to private
production under the so-called “Household Responsibility System.” This incentive system, designed to increase yields, reallocated
communal land to peasant households, creating hundreds of millions of smallholders with relative autonomy over land use decisions
and crop selection. Based on recent ethnographic research, this paper discusses the smallholder farming system of a mixed-ethnic
community that intensively cultivates small land plots for subsistence and market exchange in China’s populous southwestern
province of Sichuan. The paper characterizes the smallholder system in terms of biodiversity of plant and animal species,
market distribution of crops, multiple cropping systems, and labor and technology inputs. The paper also describes how smallholders
adapt their agricultural practices and decisions to changing market conditions and agricultural policies. Significantly, these
adaptive strategies focus on shifting to the production of various cash crops, including melons and mangoes. Implications
for the long-term viability of China’s smallholders, particularly in ecologically and economically marginal areas, are also
discussed.
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Bryan TiltEmail: |
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Brendan A. Galipeau Mark Ingman Bryan Tilt 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2013,41(3):437-446
Households in China’s Yunnan Province were surveyed to understand the impacts of hydropower development and resettlement on the agricultural livelihoods of rural villagers. Household-level data from this survey are analyzed to test whether income and landholdings vary by resettlement status. Independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVAs are used to examine how resettlement status relates to income, land allotments, agricultural crops, and government subsides. Results showed that, contrary to predictions, resettlement corresponds to higher household incomes, while differences in landholdings were mixed. Results indicate that while productive landholdings are less for resettled households, new wage labor, government subsidies, and intensified agriculture may contribute to a higher annual mean income at the household level. However, the tradeoff of receiving wage income for reduced landholdings may be a significant vulnerability for the affected households of the Mekong River Basin, since this loss in productive land corresponds to a long-term loss in social security. 相似文献
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