New cytotoxic metabolites from a deep-sea-derived fungus, Phialocephala sp., strain FL30r

Two new sorbicillinoids, 1 and 2 , together with a novel benzofuranone derivative named phialofurone ( 3 ), were isolated from a deep‐sea sediment‐derived fungus, Phialocephala sp. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. All compounds displayed cytotoxic effects against P388 (IC₅₀ values of 11.5±1.4, 0.1±0.1, and 0.2±0.01 μM , resp.) and K562 (IC₅₀ values of 22.9±0.8, 4.8±0.3 and 22.4±0.9 μM , resp.) cell lines.     

重组人胸腺素β4二串体蛋白的原核表达、纯化及生物活性

目的:获得具有生物学活性的重组人胸腺素β4二串体蛋白(Tβ4②)。方法:人工合成人Tβ4全长基因,构建Tβ4②基因,并将该基因克隆入载体pET-22b(+)中,转化宿主细胞大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达后,经疏水作用层析纯化重组Tβ4②蛋白,采用Western印迹鉴定表达产物,并对其进行生物活性检测。结果:表达和纯化了Tβ4②蛋白,重组人Tβ4②在体外可促进人脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖和迁移。结论:重组人Tβ4②具有与化学合成Tβ4相同的功能,并有更高的生物学活性。     

BDNF Contributes to Spinal Long-Term Potentiation and Mechanical Hypersensitivity Via Fyn-Mediated Phosphorylation of NMDA Receptor GluN2B Subunit at Tyrosine 1472 in Rats Following Spinal Nerve Ligation

Previously we have demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributes to spinal long-term potentiation (LTP) and pain hypersensitivity through activation of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (GluN2B-NMDA) receptors in rats following spinal nerve ligation (SNL). However, the molecular mechanisms by which BDNF impacts upon GluN2B-NMDA receptors and spinal LTP still remain unclear. In this study, we first documented that Fyn kinase-mediated phosphorylation of GluN2B subunit at tyrosine 1472 (pGluN2B^Y1472) was involved in BDNF-induced spinal LTP and pain hypersensitivity in intact rats. Second, we revealed a co-localization of Fyn and GluN2B-NMDA receptor in cultured dorsal horn neurons, implying that Fyn is a possible intermediate kinase linking BDNF/TrkB signaling with GluN2B-NMDA receptors in the spinal dorsal horn. Furthermore, we discovered that both SNL surgery and intrathecal active Fyn could induce an increased expression of dorsal horn pGluN2B^Y1472, as well as pain hypersensitivity in response to von Frey filaments stimuli; and more importantly, all these actions were effectively abrogated by pre-treatment with either PP2 or ifenprodil to respectively inhibit Fyn kinase and GluN2B-NMDA receptors activity. Moreover, we found that intrathecal administration of BDNF scavenger TrkB-Fc prior to SNL surgery, could prevent the nerve injury-induced increase of both pFyn^Y420 and pGluN2B^Y1472 expression, and also inhibit the mechanical allodynia in neuropathic rats. Collectively, these results suggest that Fyn kinase-mediated pGluN2B^Y1472 is critical for BDNF-induced spinal LTP and pain hypersensitivity in SNL rats. Therefore, the BDNF-Fyn-GluN2B signaling cascade in the spinal dorsal horn may constitute a key mechanism underlying central sensitization and neuropathic pain development after peripheral nerve injury.     

应用凝集素芯片检测肝癌细胞膜表面糖链变化

利用凝集素糖链特异亲和原理构建对细胞膜表面糖链进行即时检测的凝集素芯片体系,检测肝癌发生过程中细胞膜糖链的变化.从H22细胞系、正常小鼠和肝癌模型鼠肝组织中提取细胞进行荧光标记,激光扫描仪检测凝集素位点捕获的细胞,根据凝集素特异亲和性确定细胞膜表面糖表达谱,显微镜下观察捕获细胞的形态.对凝集素芯片捕获细胞的最佳条件进行探讨,用甘露糖抑制试验、流式细胞仪和不同血型红细胞验证了凝集素捕获细胞的特异性.结果显示:正常和肝癌小鼠肝细胞膜表面糖链存在较大差异,正常组只有PSA、DSL、STL、NPL凝集素位点捕获到细胞,实验组只有LTL和DBA位点没有捕获到细胞,提示小鼠肝癌组织细胞膜表面糖链显著增加,细胞膜上唾液酸、乙酰葡萄糖、乙酰半乳糖、甘露糖和半乳糖糖链表达增加,这些糖链及其相关糖蛋白可能在肝癌的发生和发展中起一定作用.该凝集素芯片有较好的稳定性和特异性,可以对细胞膜表面糖链进行动态、即时、通量的检测,为研究细胞膜表面聚糖在细胞发育和癌变等过程中的变化提供了一个技术平台.     

The Establishment of an In Vivo HIV-1 Infection Model in Humanized B-NSG Mice

Suitable animal models for human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) infection are important for elucidating viral pathogenesis and evaluating antiviral strategies in vivo. The B-NSG(NOD-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1/Bcge) mice that have severe immune defect phenotype are examined for the suitability of such a model in this study. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were engrafted into B-NSG mice via mouse tail vein injection, and the repopulated human T-lymphocytes were observed at as early as 3-weeks post-transplantation in mouse peripheral blood and several tissues.The humanized mice could be infected by HIV-1, and the infection recapitulated features of T-lymphocyte dynamic observed in HIV-1 infected humans, meanwhile the administration of combination antiretroviral therapy(cART) suppressed viral replication and restored T lymphocyte abnormalities. The establishment of HIV-1 infected humanized B-NSG mice not only provides a model to study virus and T cell interplays, but also can be a useful tool to evaluate antiviral strategies.     

Three new cytochalasins from the marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans KLA03 by supplementing the cultures with L- and D-tryptophan

Three new cytochalasins Z₂₁–Z₂₃ ( 1 – 3 , resp.), together with five analogs, 4 – 8 , were isolated from Spicaria elegans KLA03 by the OSMAC (one strain‐many compounds) approach with adding L ‐ and D ‐tryptophan during its cultivation. The structures of new cytochalasins were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS analyses. Cytochalasins Z₂₁ and Z₂₂ ( 1 and 2 , resp.), and compound 5 showed cytotoxic activities against A‐549 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 8.2, 20.0, and 3.1 μM , respectively.     

宏基因组技术在开拓天然产物新资源中的应用

微生物代谢产物具有巨大的化学多样性,是多种抗生素和其它药物的重要来源。由于现有培养手段的局限性,可培养的微生物不到微生物总数的1％,使绝大部分微生物资源的开发利用受到制约。近年来．直接提取环境样品中混合微生物总基因组DNA,利用可培养的宿主细菌构建宏基因组文库,通过筛选目的克隆,寻找活性代谢产物,取得瞩目进展。对这一新领域的研究进展结合我们的研究概况进行了简要综述。     

Three novel, structurally unique spirocyclic alkaloids from the halotolerant B-17 fungal strain of Aspergillus variecolor

During our search for novel antitumor lead compounds from microorganisms living under extreme conditions, three novel alkaloids, variecolortides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the mycelia of the halotolerant fungal strain Aspergillus variecolor B-17. The new compounds were found to share an unprecedented 'spiro-anthronopyranoid diketopiperazine' structure, with a stable hemiaminal function, as corroborated by in-depth NMR-spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analyses, as well as by a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 1. All compounds were shown to exhibit weak cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.     

猪链球菌2型溶血素基因的表达及其免疫原性

【背景】猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)是一种重要的人兽共患病原菌,有35种血清型,其中以猪链球菌2型(SS2)危害最为严重。研究发现,各种血清型SS分泌的溶血素(Suilysin,SLY)可能具有较好的免疫保护作用,因此,SLY作为SS基因工程亚单位疫苗的成分具有较大优势。【目的】获得SS2安徽强毒株(AH10-8株)溶血素基因(sly)的表达产物,并对其免疫原性进行测定分析。【方法】根据GenBank数据库中登录号为DQ443533.1的全长sly序列,设计合成一对分别带有Bam HI、XhoI酶切位点的特异性引物,利用PCR从AH10-8株中扩增sly基因,构建pET-30a-sly原核表达重组质粒,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,进行IPTG诱导表达和His-Tag镍柱纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE检测SLY,Western blotting鉴定SLY的反应原性;利用昆明鼠和斑马鱼进行SLY免疫攻毒保护试验,间接ELISA方法检测昆明鼠血清IgG抗体效价,观察比较病理组织变化及其免疫保护率。【结果】重组质粒pET-30a-sly在大肠杆菌中实现高效表达,获得大小为60kD的目的蛋白,与预期大小的SLY分子质量一致,能与SS2阳性血清发生特异性反应。SLY和AH10-8株灭活全菌体3次免疫昆明鼠后的血清IgG抗体效价分别为1:6 400、1:204 800 (以AH10-8株全菌体的超声裂解物为包被抗原)和1:102 400、1:51 200 (以SLY为包被抗原);SLY和AH10-8株灭活全菌体对昆明鼠和斑马鱼的免疫保护率分别为40%、80%和84%、92%;病理组织变化与攻毒对照组之间差异明显。【结论】成功表达的SLY具有良好的反应原性和免疫原性,可诱导机体产生保护性免疫反应,有望成为研制SS2新型疫苗的候选成分。