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1.
Sarita Nehare M.P. Moharil B.S. Ghodki G.K. Lande K.D. Bisane A.S. Thakare U.P. Barkhade 《Journal of Asia》2010,13(2):91-95
Indoxacarb was treated to Plutella xylostella for 10 generations to develop a resistant strain and biochemical analysis of indoxacarb resistance in different tissues of P. xylostella was carried out. Biochemical analysis found maximum esterase activity in gut homogenates of indoxacarb resistant strains followed by whole body and cuticle homogenates. In gut homogenates of indoxacarb resistant strains, maximum increase in esterases was found as compared to the unselected strain. Acetylcholineesterase activity was higher in head homogenates of the resistant strain than in the unselected strain. Glutathione-S-transferase activity was highest in whole body homogenates. However, maximum increase was found in gut homogenates of indoxacarb resistant strains over the unselected. Induced resistance was suppressed using known synergists. Maximum synergism occurred using diethyl-maleate (DEM), followed by triphenyl phosphate (TPP). 相似文献
2.
The ovaries consist of large number of panoistic ovarioles in the last instar nymph and the adult dragonfly Orthetrum chrysis (Selys). In the nymph the vitellaria are compactly filled with the primary oocytes and the vitellogenesis takes place only in the adult stage. During vitellogenesis oocytes change widely in their shape, size and cytological organisation and their developmental stages can be divided into pre-vitellogenic, early-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, late-vitellogenic and maturation age. PAS-positive material appears first around the germinal vesicle in the early-vitellogenic stage and lateron it migrates towards the periphery. Glycogen appears in the late-vitellogenic stage. DNA is abundantly present in the nuclei of the oocytes during the pre-vitellogenic and completely absent in early-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, late-vitellogenic and maturation stages. It is observed in the nuclei of follicular epithelial cells of all the stages. RNA is abundantly present in cytoplasm of the pre-vitellogenic oocytes but lateron is gradually decreases. During the early-vitellogenic and vitellogenic stages high concentration of RNA in the follicular epithelial cells has been observed. The protein bodies appear first in the interfollicular spaces and towards the periphery of the oocytes just near the enveloping follicular epithelial cells, during the early-vitellogenic stage suggesting the formation of yolk proteins from the haemolymph. In Orthetrum chrysis the sudanophilic bodies appear first in the follicular cells and then lie in the peripheral region of the oocytes suggesting the incorporation of yolk lipid either from the follicular epithelium or from the haemolymph through the follicular epithelium. The phospholipids are synthesised in pre-vitellogenic to the late-vitellogenic stages. In the late-vitellogenic stages the phospholipid granules are present abundantly in the follicular epithelium while in the maturation stage they disappear suggesting their utilisation in the formation of membranes like vitelline and chorion. The neutral fats are present in the form of large number of droplets in the oocytes during the maturation stage. 相似文献
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A study of bacterial surface oligosaccharides were investigated among
different strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to correlate structural features
essential for binding to the MAb 2C7. This epitope is widely expressed and
conserved in gonococcal isolates, characteristics essential to an effective
candidate vaccine antigen. Sample lipooligosaccharides (LOS), was prepared
by a modification of the hot phenol-water method from which de-O-acetylated
LOS and oligosaccharide (OS) components were analyzed by ES-MS-CID-MS and
ES-MSnin a triple quadrupole and an ion trap mass spectrometer,
respectively. Previously documented natural heterogeneity was apparent from
both LOS and OS preparations which was admixed with fragments induced by
hydrazine and mild acid treatment. Natural heterogeneity was limited to
phosphorylation and antenni extensions to the alpha-chain. Mild acid
hydrolysis to release OS also hydrolyzed the beta(1-->6) glycosidic
linkage of lipid A. OS structures were determined by collisional and
resonance excitation combined with MS and multistep MSn which provided
sequence information from both neutral loss, and nonreducing terminal
fragments. A comparison of OS structures, with earlier knowledge of MAb
binding, enzyme treatment, and partial acid hydrolysis indicates a generic
overlapping domain for 2C7 binding. Reoccurring structural features include
a Hepalpha(1-->3)Hepbeta(1-->5)KDO trisaccharide core branched on the
nonreducing terminus (Hep-2) with an alpha(1-->2) linked GlcNAc
(gamma-chain), and an alpha-linked lactose (beta-chain) residue. From the
central heptose (Hep-1), a beta(1-->4) linked lactose (alpha-chain),
moiety is required although extensions to this residue appear unnecessary.
相似文献
6.
Malic enzyme activity in the soluble fraction of the neonatal brain of hypothyroid rats was observed to be lowered as compared to that of the control animals (p less than 0.01). Administration of triiodothyronine to the neonates of control animals resulted in significant enhancement (p less than 0.001) in the activity of the Malic enzyme. Our studies show that brain malic enzyme which is involved in lipogenesis and hence in myelination responds to triiodothyronine in the early stage of life. 相似文献
7.
Staphylococci are Gram-positive bacteria which play an important role in infectious disease and are major causes of communityacquired
and hospital-acquired infections. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus are reported as genomically and phenotypically highly
heterogeneous; hence in-silico based comparison of genomic data on simple sequence repeats may provide valuable information for
understanding the pathogenicity and control measures. This study determined the distribution of a specific group of Simple
Sequence Repeats (SSRs), in genome sequences of six Staphylococcus strains (Staphylococcus aureus COL, S.aureus MRSA252,
S.aureus MSSA476, S.aureus Mu50, S.aureus MW2, S.aureus N315) and plasmid sequences of four Staphylococcus strains
(Staphylococcus aureus COL pT181, Staphylococcus aureus MSSA pSAS, Staphylococcus aureus VRSAp, Staphylococcus aureus,
Staphylococcus aureus pN315 DNA) downloaded from the GenBank database for identifying abundance, distribution and
composition of SSRs. The data obtained in the present study shows that (i) a large number of tandem repeats are distributed
throughout the genome and plasmid sequences. (ii) Number of mononucleotide SSRs decreased rapidly with increase in size of
repeat unit. (iii) Total frequency of SSRs in plasmid regions is less than genomic regions. (iv) In all investigated strains, ratios of
AT/TA repeats are dominating over GC/CG repeats in genomics as well as plasmid sequences, and (v) Dinucleotide combination
of AT is dominated in all the six Staphylococcus genome sequences. 相似文献
8.
Dhiraj R. Thakare Radhamony Resminath N. J. Chikhale S. R. Bhat R. Srinivasan 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2006,15(1):7-13
An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, exhibiting anther specific GUS expression, identified from a mutant population of Arabidopsis tagged with a promoterless β-glucuronidase (GUS), carries the T-DNA insertions at two distinct loci. We have been able to segregate the two inserts from each other by backcrossing with wild type plants. The insertion responsible for anther specific GUS expression in segregating population has been identified and confirmed to be in the upstream region of a putative peroxidase gene, AT2G24800. Here we report detailed histochemical and molecular characterization of the mutant Anth85, carrying a single insertion of T-DNA in the peroxidase gene. In Anth85, the GUS expression was observed in the anthers and rosette of the young seedlings. The expression of GUS in the anthers was restricted to the tapetum and microspores. The mutant has no developmental defects and the gene appears to be redundant for normal plant growth. Cloning of upstream region and detailed deletion study of upstream region in transgenic plants is likely to lead to the identification of anther specific promoter elements. 相似文献
9.
Control of soybean flowering time is important for geographic adaptation and maximizing yield. Plant breeders have identified
a series of genes (E genes) that condition time to flowering; however, the molecular basis in the control of flowering by
these E genes, in conjunction with canonical flowering-time genes, has not been studied. Time to flowering in near-isogenic
lines (NILs) at the E1 locus was tested using a reciprocal transfer experiment under short day (SD) and long day (LD) conditions.
Beginning 8 days after planting, three plant samples were harvested every 3 h for a 48-h period. RNA was isolated from these
plants, and RNA samples were pooled for each line and each time period for cDNA synthesis. RT-PCR analysis was performed using
primers synthesized for a number of putative flowering-time genes based on homology of soybean EST and genomic sequences to
Arabidopsis genes. The results of the reciprocal transfer experiment suggest that the pre-inductive photoperiod-sensitive
phase of the E1 NILs responsible for inducing flowering is perceived as early as 5–7-day post-planting. No gene expression
differences were found between the E1 and e1 NILs, suggesting that the E1 gene does not directly affect the flowering-time
genes during the time period tested; however, differences were observed in gene expression between SD and LD treatments for
the putative soybean TOC1, CO, and FT genes. The gene expression results in this study were similar to those of flowering-time genes found in other SD species,
suggesting that the selected genes correspond to the soybean flowering-time orthologs. 相似文献
10.
Sawant BU Nadkarni GD Thakare UR Joseph LJ Rajan MG 《Indian journal of experimental biology》2003,41(11):1334-1337
Kidney weight was significantly decreased in hypothyroidism (induced by Na131I administration) and increased in hyperthyroidism (induced by thyroxine treatment) as compared to control in female Wistar rats. The tissue lipid peroxidation level remained unchanged in hyperthyroid rats but significantly increased in hypothyroid rats. Superoxide dismutase was decreased in both experimental groups but more so in hyperthyroid rats. Catalase was reduced significantly in hyperthyroid rats but remained unaffected in hypothyroid rats. Tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was increased while reduced glutathione levels remained unaltered in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats. Plasma GPx activity was significantly low in both the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats. The results suggest alterations in the oxidative stress in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rat kidneys with concomitant changes of free radical scavengers. 相似文献