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Sexually dimorphic characters have two-fold complexities in pattern formation as they have to get input from both somatic sex determination as well as the positional determining regulators. Sex comb development in Drosophila requires functions of the somatic sex-determining gene doublesex and the homeotic gene Sex combs reduced. Attempts have not been made to decipher the role of dsx in imparting sexually dimorphic expression of SCR and the differential function of sex-specific variants of dsx products in sex comb development. Our results in this study indicate that male-like pattern of SCR expression is independent of dsx function, and dsx F must be responsible for bringing about dimorphism in SCR expression, whereas dsx M function is required with Scr for the morphogenesis of sex comb. 相似文献
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Mukund A. Prabhu Narayanan Namboodiri Srinivas Prasad BV S.P. Abhilash Anees Thajudeen Kumar V.K. Ajith 《Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal》2015,15(6):286-290
Background
Electrical storm (ES) is a life threatening emergency. There is little data available regarding acute outcome of ES.Aims
The study aimed to analyze the acute outcome of ES, various treatment modalities used, and the factors associated with mortality.Methods
This is a retrospective observational study involving patients admitted with ES at our centre between 1/1/2007 and 31/12/2013.Results
41 patients (mean age 54.61 ± 12.41 years; 86.7% males; mean ejection fraction (EF) 44.51 ± 16.48%) underwent treatment for ES. Hypokalemia (14.63%) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (14.63%) were the commonest identifiable triggers. Only 9 (21.95%) patients already had an ICD implanted. Apart from antiarrhythmic drugs (100%), deep sedation (87.8%), mechanical ventilation (24.39%) and neuraxial modulation using left sympathetic cardiac denervation (21.95%) were the common treatment modalities used. Thirty-three (80.49%) patients could be discharged after a mean duration of 14.2 ± 2.31 days. Eight (19.5%) patients died in hospital. The mortality was significantly higher in those with EF < 35% compared to those with a higher EF (8 (42.11% vs 0 (0%), p = 0.03)). There was no significant difference in mortality between those with versus without a structural heart disease (8 (21.1% vs 0 (0%), p = 0.32)). Comparison of mortality an ACS with ES versus ES of other aetiologies (3 (50%) vs 5 (14.29) %, p = 0.076)) showed a trend towards significance.Conclusion
With comprehensive treatment, there is reasonable acute survival rate of ES. Hypokalemia and ACS are the commonest triggers of ES. Patients with low EF and ACS have higher mortality. 相似文献3.
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Strauss BE Fontes RB Lotfi CF Skorupa A Bartol I Cipolla-Neto J Costanzi-Strauss E 《Cancer cell international》2002,2(1):2-9
BACKGROUND: The p16INK4A gene product halts cell proliferation by preventing phosphorylation of the Rb protein. The p16INK4a gene is often deleted in human glioblastoma multiforme, contributing to unchecked Rb phosphorylation and rapid cell division. We show here that transduction of the human p16INK4a cDNA using the pCL retroviral system is an efficient means of stopping the proliferation of the rat-derrived glioma cell line, C6, both in tissue culture and in an animal model. C6 cells were transduced with pCL retrovirus encoding the p16INK4a, p53, or Rb genes. These cells were analyzed by a colony formation assay. Expression of p16INK4a was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The altered morphology of the p16-expressing cells was further characterized by the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assay. C6 cells infected ex vivo were implanted by stereotaxic injection in order to assess tumor formation. RESULTS: The p16INK4a gene arrested C6 cells more efficiently than either p53 or Rb. Continued studies with the p16INK4a gene revealed that a large portion of infected cells expressed the p16INK4a protein and the morphology of these cells was altered. The enlarged, flat, and bi-polar shape indicated a senescence-like state, confirmed by the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assay. The animal model revealed that cells infected with the pCLp16 virus did not form tumors. CONCLUSION: Our results show that retrovirus mediated transfer of p16INK4a halts glioma formation in a rat model. These results corroborate the idea that retrovirus-mediated transfer of the p16INK4a gene may be an effective means to arrest human glioma and glioblastoma. 相似文献
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Greg J Poet Ojore BV Oka Marcel van Lith Zhenbo Cao Philip J Robinson Marie Anne Pringle Elias SJ Arnér Neil J Bulleid 《The EMBO journal》2017,36(5):693-702
Folding of proteins entering the secretory pathway in mammalian cells frequently requires the insertion of disulfide bonds. Disulfide insertion can result in covalent linkages found in the native structure as well as those that are not, so‐called non‐native disulfides. The pathways for disulfide formation are well characterized, but our understanding of how non‐native disulfides are reduced so that the correct or native disulfides can form is poor. Here, we use a novel assay to demonstrate that the reduction in non‐native disulfides requires NADPH as the ultimate electron donor, and a robust cytosolic thioredoxin system, driven by thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1 or TXNRD1). Inhibition of this reductive pathway prevents the correct folding and secretion of proteins that are known to form non‐native disulfides during their folding. Hence, we have shown for the first time that mammalian cells have a pathway for transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the ER, which is required to ensure correct disulfide formation in proteins entering the secretory pathway. 相似文献
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Thage BV Rattray FP Laustsen MW Ardö Y Barkholt V Houlberg U 《Journal of applied microbiology》2004,96(3):593-602
AIM: Purification and characterization of an aminotransferase (AT) specific for the degradation of branched-chain amino acids from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CHCC 2115. METHODS AND RESULTS: The purification protocol consisted of anion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The enzyme was found to exist as a monomer with a molecular mass of 40-50 kDa. The AT converted isoleucine, leucine and valine at a similar rate with alpha-ketoglutarate as the amino group acceptor; minor activity was shown for methionine. The enzyme had pH and temperature optima of 7.3 and 43 degrees C, respectively, and activity was detected at the pH and salt conditions found in cheese (pH 5.2, 4% NaCl). Hg2+ completely inhibited the enzyme, and the inhibition pattern was similar to that for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, when studying the effect of other metal ions, thiol- and carbonyl-binding agents. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme was SVNIDWNNLGFDYMQLPYRYVAHXKDGVXD, and had at the amino acid level, 60 and 53% identity to a branched-chain amino acid AT of Lact. plantarum and Lactococcus lactis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that Lact. paracasei subsp. paracasei CHCC 2115 may contribute to development of flavour in cheese. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The findings of this work contribute to the knowledge of transamination performed by cheese-related bacteria, and in the understanding and control of amino acid catabolism and the production of aroma compounds. 相似文献
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DR Suresh Vamseedhar Annam K Pratibha BV Maruti Prasad 《Journal of biomedical science》2009,16(1):61-4
Background
Oxidative stress induced by the production of reactive oxygen species may play a critical role in the stimulation of HIV replication and the development of immunodeficiency. This study was conducted as there are limited and inconclusive studies on the significance of a novel early marker of oxidative stress which can reflect the total antioxidant capacity in HIV patients, 相似文献8.
Shechinah Felice Choragudi Ganesh Kumar Veeramachaneni BV Raman Bondili JS 《Bioinformation》2014,10(8):507-511
Endo- β-N-acetylgucosaminidases (ENGases) are the enzymes that catalyze both hydrolysis and
transglycosylation reactions. It is of interest to study ENGases because of their ability to synthesize glycopeptides.
Homology models of Human, Arabidopsis thaliana and Sorghum ENGases were developed and their active sites
marked based on information available from Arthrobacter protophormiae (PDB ID: 3FHQ) ENGase. Further, these
models were docked with the natural substrate GlcNAc-Asn and the inhibitor Man3GlcNAc-thiazoline. The catalytic
triad of Asn, Glu and Tyr (N171, E173 and Y205 of bacteria) were found to be conserved across the phyla. The crucial
Y299F mutation showing 3 times higher transglycosylation activity than in wild type Endo-A is known. The hydrolytic
activity remained unchanged in bacteria, while the transglycosylation activity increased. This Y to F change is found
to be naturally evolved and should be attributing higher transglycosylation rates in human and Arabidopsis thaliana
ENGases. Ligand interactions Ligplots revealed the interaction of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains and polar
uncharged side chain amino acids. Thus, structure based molecular model-ligand interactions provide insights into
the catalytic mechanism of ENGases and assist in the rational engineering of ENGases. 相似文献
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