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1.
Michinari Hamaguchi Koichiro Maeno Yoshiyuki Nagai Masao Iinuma Tetsuya Yoshida Toshisada Matsumoto 《Microbiology and immunology》1980,24(1):51-63
When p-fluorophenylalanine (FPA) was added to influenza virus RI/5+-infected cells 4 hr after infection, virus-specific proteins were synthesized but infectious progeny virus was not produced. In these cells, synthesis of viral RNA was strongly inhibited and nucleoprotein (NP) antigen was found predominantly in the nucleus in contrast to untreated cells in which NP antigen was distributed throughout the whole cell. The intracellular location and migration of NP were examined by isotope labeling followed by fractionation of infected cells. In untreated cells, a large portion of the NP was present in the cytoplasm and most of it was detected in the form of ribonucleoprotein (RNP). In contrast, in FPA-treated cells little viral RNP was detectable and NP was present predominantly in the nucleus in a nonassembled, soluble form. When FPA was removed from the culture, synthesis of viral RNA was soon restored and a large amount of viral RNP appeared in the cytoplasm; this was followed by the production of infectious virus. The results of the experiments suggest that the NP synthesized in the presence of FPA is not assembled into viral RNP because of the lack of available RNA, and such NP migrates readily into the nucleus and accumulates there. 相似文献
2.
3.
Bacteriophages (or phages) play major roles in the evolution of bacterial pathogens via horizontal gene transfer. Multiple phages are often integrated in a host chromosome as prophages, not only carrying various novel virulence-related genetic determinants into host bacteria but also providing various possibilities for prophage-prophage interactions in bacterial cells. In particular, Escherichia coli strains such as Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains have acquired more than 10 prophages (up to 21 prophages), many of which encode type III secretion system (T3SS) effector gene clusters. In these strains, some prophages are present at a single locus in tandem, which is usually interpreted as the integration of phages that use the same attachment (att) sequence. Here, we present phages integrating into T3SS effector gene cluster-associated loci in prophages, which are widely distributed in STEC and EPEC. Some of the phages integrated into prophages are Stx-encoding phages (Stx phages) and have induced the duplication of Stx phages in a single cell. The identified attB sequences in prophage genomes are apparently derived from host chromosomes. In addition, two or three different attB sequences are present in some prophages, which results in the generation of prophage clusters in various complex configurations. These phages integrating into prophages represent a medically and biologically important type of inter-phage interaction that promotes the accumulation of T3SS effector genes in STEC and EPEC, the duplication of Stx phages in STEC, and the conversion of EPEC to STEC and that may be distributed in other types of E. coli strains as well as other prophage-rich bacterial species. 相似文献
4.
In several vascular inflammatory reactions (i.e. immunity and thrombosis) inflammatory mediators lead to the activation of vascular endothelial cells (EC). To date, a number
of functional molecules induced on the surface of activated-EC have been identified. We report here that Globotetraosylceramide
(Gb4), a glycosphingolipid expressed in EC, is a novel inducible molecule on EC activated by TNF-α. The cell surface expression
of Gb4 is increased in a time-dependent manner under TNF-α stimulation, which shows distinct expression kinetics of major
proteins induced by TNF-α on EC. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis revealed that the enhanced Gb4 predominantly contains C24:0 fatty acid
in the ceramide moiety. Isolated caveolae/lipid raft-enriched detergent insoluble membrane domains in activated-EC predominantly
contain this molecular species of Gb4. Gb4 containing C16:0 fatty acid in the ceramide moiety, which is known to constitute
the major species of Gb4 in plasma, is also found as a major molecular species in EC. These observations indicate that Gb4,
especially with very long fatty acid, is enhanced in EC during its inflammatory reaction, and suggest the potential utility
of Gb4 as a biomarker for monitoring inflammation status of EC involving its related diseases. 相似文献
5.
6.
Riichi Tawa Tetsuya Ono Akihiro Kurishita Shigefumi Okada Shingo Hirose 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1990,45(1):44-48
DNA methylation in an adult mammalian body shows tissue-specificity. But when and how the specificity is established in the process of development has not yet been elucidated. Here we have investigated age-dependent changes in the amount of 5-methyldeoxycytidine (5mdC) that DNA of various mouse tissues contains during the late-fetal and postnatal periods, using high-performance liquid chromatography. The tissue-specificity in the 5mdC level was observed in the late-fetal stage, and the level continued to change during the subsequent periods. The most pronounced alterations were observed in brain and liver, where similar biphasic changes were seen, but at different ages. At maturation, the 5mdC levels were high in thymus, spleen and brain, intermediate in lung, and low in liver and sperm. The data demonstrate the importance of the peri- and postnatal periods in establishment of tissue-specificity in 5mdC content. 相似文献
7.
Masatsugu Hatakeyama Tetsuya Nakamura Kyu Beom Kim Masami Sawa Tikahiko Naito Kugao Oishi 《Development genes and evolution》1990,198(7):389-394
Summary Mature eggs dissected from ovaries of unmated females of Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), if placed on a filter-paper soaked with distilled water, are activated and develop to haploid males. Occasionally, however, diploid females develop from these artificially activated eggs. Treatment of mature unfertilized eggs dissected from diploid females with ice-cold temperatures immediately before activation and with a high temperature (36° C) upon and immediately after activation resulted in the production of diploid males, diploid females, triploid females and gynandromorphs at high frequency. The same treatment of mature unfertilized eggs dissected from triploid females resulted in the production of only triploid survivors. These results, together with the results on the segregation of a marker mutation, yellow fatbody (yfb), appear to indicate that meiotic divisions were complete in the treated eggs, and that all four nuclei became potentially capable of participating in development with or without automictic fusion.Studies on the sawfly, Athalia rosae (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), part V 相似文献
8.
Yazaki Yoshiaki; Maki Kazutoshi; Sato Tetsuya; Ohta Eiji; Sakata Makoto 《Plant & cell physiology》1988,29(8):1417-1422
The intracellular K+ concentration and its change in mung bean[Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] root tips were investigated non-invasivelywith 39K nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using a membraneimpermeable shift reagent, dysprosium (III) tripolyphosphate[Dy(PPPi)72]. The K+ resonance was shifted to highermagnetic field in proportion to the concentration of the shiftreagent. In addition to a reference capillary peak for measuringthe K+ concentration, two well-resolved peaks (intra- and extracellularK+ resonances) were observed in the 39K NMR spectra of mungbean root tips. The intracellular K+ concentration was determinedto be 41 mM, which was similar to the value obtained by flamephotometry. When 20 mM KCl was added to the external medium,the intensity of the intracellular K+ resonance gradually increasedand the net K+ uptake rate was calculated to be 4.1 micromolesper gram fresh weight per hour. After removal of KCl from theperfusion medium, the intracellular K+ concentration considerablydecreased. With 31P NMR method, 2.5 mM Dy(PPPj)712 and20 mM KCl had little effect on the ATP level in the cells. Wehave indicated that the 39K NMR method can be used to determinethe K+ levels and net fluxes of the K+ transport in perfusedroot tips successively. (Received April 6, 1988; Accepted September 29, 1988) 相似文献
9.
Kunio Nakagawa Norio Omori Kahoko Hashimoto Tetsuya Yamamoto Takashi Tsunoda Tadao Nose 《Biotherapy》1992,4(2):109-115
Thein vitro effect of a combined treatment with lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell and radiation therapy on rat brain tumor was examined using51Cr release assay. The tumor cell-line used in this experiment was 9L rat brain tumor derived from a Fischer 344 rat. LAK cells were obtained by culturing rat lymphocytes with recombinant human interleukin 2 for at least 3 days. The cytotoxic activity of the LAK cells was examined by51Cr release assay. Irradiation was done by exposing the microtiter plate in which the15Cr labeled 9L cells and LAK cells were cultured to a137Cs gamma cell unit. Without irradiation, there was 18% cytotoxicity in the 1:100 tumor-to-LAK cell ratio specimen after 24 hrs cocultivation. However, if 5 Gy of irradiation was given, followed by 12 hrs incubation, the cytotoxicity was enhanced significantly at the same cell ratio (30%). This enhancement effect was the most prominent when the cell ratio was 1:100 and the irradiation dose was 5 Gy. To generate the enhancement effect, an incubation time of over 8 hrs both before and after irradiation was required. The supernatant of the LAK cells showed 19.8% and 11.4% cytotoxicity with and without irradiation, respectively. This result indicates the participation of a cytotoxic factor released from LAK cells.This work is supported in part by grant from Univeristy of Tsukuba Project Research. 相似文献
10.
Keisuke Yamano Masatomo Tagawa Evelyn Grace de Jesus Tetsuya Hirano Satoshi Miwa Yasuo Inui 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1991,161(4):371-375
Summary To clarify the hormonal regulation of metamorphosis of the conger eel (Conger myriaster), changes in whole body concentrations of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and cortisol during metamorphosis were examined, as well as the changes in the histological activity of the thyroid gland. In larvae before metamorphosis, T4 and T3 levels were less than 5 and 0.15 ng·g-1 respectively. Levels of T4 increased to about 30 ng·g-1 during early metamorphosis, and decreased subsequently. Levels of T3 increased gradually in early metamorphosis, and then increased abruptly to about 2.0 ng·g-1 in late metamorphosis. Before metamorphosis, cortisol levels of the leptocephali less than 11 cm in total length were greater than 200 ng·g-1. Cortisol levels decreased rapidly in larger premetamorphic leptocephali, and low levels were maintained throughout the metamorphic period. Histological observation revealed an activation of the thyroid gland in early metamorphosis; thyroid follicle epithelial cells became columnar and their nuclei larger. Active uptake of colloid by these cells and intensive vascularization of the gland were also observed. By the end of metamorphosis, follicle epithelial cells became squamous, indicating a low level of glandular activity. These results suggest that thyroid hormone plays an important role in regulation of conger eel metamorphosis.Abbreviations
AL
anal length
-
TL
total length
-
T
3
triiodothyronine
-
T
4
thyroxine 相似文献