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1.
Five different liquid medium culture methods for meristem propagation of bananas were investigated and compared with solid medium culture. Treatments studied were: gelled culture medium (treatment 1); liquid medium with immersion of the plants (treatment 2); liquid medium with cellulose culture support (treatment 3); liquid medium with partial immersion of the plants (treatment 4); liquid medium aerated by bubbling (treatment 5); liquid medium with temporary immersion of the explants for 20 min every 2h (treatment 6). After 20 days of culture, three culture groups with statistically different multiplication rates were observed: -shoots in simple liquid medium and those on cellulose substrate proliferated little or not at all, -shoots on gelled medium, those subjected to partial immersion and those in aerated medium displayed multiplication rates of 2.2 to 3.1, and -the highest multiplication rate (>5) was observed in explants subjected to temporary immersion in the medium. Two groups of treatments differed in the accumulation of dry matter: the smallest weight (around 0.5 g) was observed in treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, and accumulation was 2 to 5 times greater in the explants in aerated liquid medium and those subjected to temporary immersion. The highest multiplication rates and weight gains were observed in aerated treatments (treatments 4 and 5). Shoots in liquid medium continuously aerated by bubbling displayed hyperhydricity of the outer leaf sheaths. This was not observed with temporary immersion of explants. 相似文献
2.
Jean-Vincent Escalant Claude Teisson François Cote 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1994,30(4):181-186
Summary Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of banana and plantain cultivars (Musa spp.) were obtained by culturing young male flowers. Multiplication and maintenance of embryogenic cultures were achieved
by culturing somatic embryos in a temporary immersion system (SIT). A multiplication rate of 40 allowed us to obtain more
than 6000 somatic embryos after 6 mo. of subculture. Plant recovery frequencies were 60 to 70%. This method was expanded to
different banana and plantain genomic groups. 相似文献
3.
Avallone Sylvie Guiraud Joseph-Pierre Brillouet Jean-Marc Teisson Claude 《Current microbiology》2003,47(2):0113-0118
Penicillium funiculosum Thom. was consistently isolated from pineapple-infected fruitlet (black spots). Polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and laccase activities were determined in extracts from contiguous and infected fruitlets. Healthy fruitlets showed a rather high level of polyphenol oxidase (optimum pH 7.0), and this activity was tremendously increased (×10) in contiguous infected fruitlets. Furthermore, infected fruitlets also exhibited laccase activity (optimum pH 4.0), while peroxidase was rather constant in both fruitlets. Browning reactions were attributed to qualitative and quantitative modifications of the enzymatic equipment (polyphenol oxidase and laccase) (p<0.0001). In infected fruiltets, sucrose and L-malic acid were present at significantly lower amounts than in healthy ones, likely owing to fungal metabolism (p<0.0001), whereas cell wall material was three times higher, which could be viewed as a defense mechanism to limit expansion of the mycelium. RID= ID= <E5>Correspondence to: </E5>S. Avallone; <E5>email:</E5> avallone@siarc.cnearc.fr Received: 3 September 2002 / Accepted: 25 September 2002 相似文献
4.
F. X. Côte C. Teisson X. Perrier 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(5):539-542
Summary In order to better understand somaclonal variant rate evolution in plant tissue culture, a statistical approach has been adopted.
According to this approach, the variant percentage could be calculated by: %V=[1−(1−p)
n
]×100, where %V is the percentage of variant, p the probability of variation and n the number of multiplication cycles. A numerical estimation was performed to characterize the variance of this function.
It has been demonstrated that a wide scale of variance is associated with ‘%V’, due to the occurrence of variations after
a variable number of multiplication cycles in the different lines of culture. Two main conclusions can be drawn from this
model: (1) a variant rate increase can be expected as an exponential function of the number of multiplication cycles; (2)
after a given number of multiplication cycles, variable off-types percentages can be expected. Due to the complexity of biological
systems, this statistical approach could obviously not be applied directly for the calculation and forecasting of variant
rates in tissue culture. However, this approach results in a better understanding of two apparently confusing experimental
features often reported in tissue culture: the increase of the variant rate as a function of the length of the culture period
on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the observations of different variant rates among lines cultured for the same lengths
of time under strietly identical culture conditions. This approach also underlined that the comparison of somaclonal variant
percentage between batches of plants from different in vitro treatments could be, in some cases, insufficient for ascertaining a difference of variability generated by tissue culture. 相似文献
5.
H. Etienne M. Lartaud N. Michaux-Ferriére M. P. Carron M. Berthouly C. Teisson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(2):81-87
Summary A culture procedure using temporary immersion in a liquid medium was tested for somatic embryogenesis of Hevea brasiliensis (Müll. Arg.). Embryogenic callus was placed under regeneration conditions, either on a gelled medium (Phytagel, Sigma, St.
Louis, MO) or in a container designed for temporary immersion. The latter technique has some advantages over the use of a
gelled medium during both the early steps of somatic embryogenesis, i.e., embryo development, and later on, i.e., during maturation,
desiccation and germination. Somatic embryo production in a liquid medium was three to four times greater than on a semi-solid
medium: 400 embryos/g fresh weight under the best embryogenesis induction conditions. Somatic embryogenesis had to be initiated
on a gelled medium before the embryogenic callus was transferred to temporary immersion, and the amounts of 3,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid and N6-benzyladenine had to be reduced. Temporary immersion resulted in substantially more consistent, synchronized somatic embryo
development, reducing the number of abnormal embryos by half and stimulating germination. All of the late events could be
carried out in the temporary immersion container. Effective drying conditions were achieved after 12 wk without immersion
and without selection of the embryos. Temporary immersion during germination greatly stimulated root development (+60%) and
epicotyl emergency (+35%), combined with increased synchronization and a substantially reduced workload. 相似文献
6.
Enzymatic browning and biochemical alterations in black spots of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Penicillium funiculosum Thom. was consistently isolated from pineapple-infected fruitlet (black spots). Polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and laccase activities were determined in extracts from contiguous and infected fruitlets. Healthy fruitlets showed a rather high level of polyphenol oxidase (optimum pH 7.0), and this activity was tremendously increased (X 10) in contiguous infected fruitlets. Furthermore, infected fruitlets also exhibited laccase activity (optimum pH 4.0), while peroxidase was rather constant in both fruitlets. Browning reactions were attributed to qualitative and quantitative modifications of the enzymatic equipment (polyphenol oxidase and laccase) (p < 0.0001). In infected fruiltets, sucrose and L-malic acid were present at significantly lower amounts than in healthy ones, likely owing to fungal metabolism (p < 0.0001), whereas cell wall material was three times higher, which could be viewed as a defense mechanism to limit expansion of the mycelium. 相似文献
7.
F. X. Côte R. Domergue S. Monmarson J. Schwendiman C. Teisson J. V. Escalant 《Physiologia plantarum》1996,97(2):285-290
There are very few reports on the establishment of long-term embryogenic cell cultures of banana, especially of triploid cultivars of commercial interest. Embryogenic cell suspensions were prepared using the cultivar Grand nain, the most widely grown dessert banana in the world. After culture for 5 or 6 months of immature male flowerbuds adjacent to the floral apex, yellow, compact calluses and white, friable embryogenic tissues were induced. Suspension cultures were initiated from embryogenic tissues placed in liquid medium. The packed cell volume (PCV) of the suspensions increased 2- to 5- fold with each monthly culture cycle. Plating of the embryogenic suspensions resulted in approximately 370×103 embryos per ml of PCV. Depending on the size of embryos, 3 to 20% germination was observed. A histological survey of cell suspensions and embryo development was carried out. Cellular aggregates with cells displaying typical embryogenic features were formed. Most of the somatic embryos were probably of unicellular origin. 相似文献
8.
Somatic embryogenesis in plantain banana 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
A. Grapin J. Schwendiman C. Teisson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1996,32(2):66-71
Summary A cell suspension of French Sombre plantain banana (Musa spp. AAB genome) was initiated from callus obtained from young male flowers. Histological examination enabled us to describe and
follow the evolution of the suspension consisting of: embryogenic aggregates, proembryos, nodules, and isolated cells. It
demonstrated the unicellular origin of somatic embryos, either during maintenance of the suspension or after plating on a
semisolid medium. The cells from which the embryos originated had no starch but only protein reserves. Plating 1 ml of packed
cells from the suspension led to the formation of 105 embryos of which 10 to 40% could be converted into plantlets. 相似文献
9.
Martre Pierre Lacan Dominique Just Daniel Teisson Claude 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,67(1):25-35
In vitro culture by temporary immersion generates potentially stressful conditions for explants that may differ from those associated with classic methods. In order to evaluate the effects of these conditions on physiological changes in explants, different parameters of metabolic activity were investigated for a friable embryogenic callus of Hevea brasiliensis (Müll. Arg.), in response to 1 min, and 1, 12 and 24 h per day of immersion, using semi-solid and agitated liquid media as controls. The relative growth rate of the callus was not significantly different for the 1 min immersion treatment and the controls, but it decreased by about 60% for the 1-, 12- and 24-h immersion treatments. During the immersed stage, the rate of respiration of the callus was comparable for all the treatments. However, during the emersed stage, the respiration rate increased by 140 and 164% for the 12- and 24-h immersion treatments, respectively. Meanwhile, the total adenylate nucleotide concentration and the ratio of ATP/ADP remained almost constant, or even decreased. The adenylate energy charge was comparable for all the treatments, averaging 0.88. The superoxide dismutase activity and the lipid peroxidation increased with the immersion duration, and were significantly higher for the 12- and 24-h immersion treatments than for controls. However, after 24 h in emersed stage, there was no lipid peroxidation, regardless of previous immersion duration. It appears from these results that the immersed stage induced a substantial oxidative stress, which was not associated with the callus immersion per se. 相似文献
10.
C. Cabasson D. Alvard D. Dambier P. Ollitrault C. Teisson 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,50(1):33-37
Liquid medium improves and facilitates somatic embryo development from Citrus deliciosa Ten. suspension cultures. Three different
culture conditions were compared to determine a means of overcoming poor somatic embryo development. Somatic embryos derived
from suspension cultures were plated on solid medium, maintained in suspension culture or temporarily immersed. About 60%
of somatic embryos plated on solid medium developed to the cotyledonary stage, but were hyperhydric. Continuous growth in
suspension culture at 100 rpm hindered cotyledon and protoderm formation, and somatic embryos were unable to develop beyond
the globular stage. Temporary immersion promoted somatic embryo development, i.e. 66% of the somatic embryos produced were
cotyledonary, and were morphologically similar to nucellar embryos. This latter culture system also improved regeneration
synchronization by hampering secondary embryogenesis at the onset of germination. Irrespective of the culture system used,
most cotyledonary somatic embryos studied had no caulinary meristem or starch and protein reserves, thus explaining the low
germination rates obtained.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献