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1.
Gerald R.V. Hammond Matthias P. Machner Tamas Balla 《The Journal of cell biology》2014,205(1):113-126
Polyphosphoinositides are an important class of lipid that recruit specific effector proteins to organelle membranes. One member, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) has been localized to Golgi membranes based on the distribution of lipid binding modules from PtdIns4P effector proteins. However, these probes may be biased by additional interactions with other Golgi-specific determinants. In this paper, we derive a new PtdIns4P biosensor using the PtdIns4P binding of SidM (P4M) domain of the secreted effector protein SidM from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila. PtdIns4P was necessary and sufficient for localization of P4M, which revealed pools of the lipid associated not only with the Golgi but also with the plasma membrane and Rab7-positive late endosomes/lysosomes. PtdIns4P distribution was determined by the localization and activities of both its anabolic and catabolic enzymes. Therefore, P4M reports a wider cellular distribution of PtdIns4P than previous probes and therefore will be valuable for dissecting the biological functions of PtdIns4P in its assorted membrane compartments. 相似文献
2.
Photosynthetic characteristics of detached barley leaves during greening in the presence of SAN 9785
The effects of the pyridazinone compound SAN 9785 on the photosynthetic competence of leaves, on the photochemical activity of isolated thylakoids and on the formation and spectral properties of chlorophyll-protein complexes were studied during a 72-h greening period of detached etiolated leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Horpácsi kétsoros). It was established that i) the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves decreased considerably (by 80 and 90%, as determined by14CO2 fixation and fast fluorescence induction measurements, respectively); ii) the photochemical activity of isolated thylakoids from water to potassium ferricyanide and from dichlorophenol indophenol/ascorbate to methylviologen exhibited only slight reductions when expressed on a chlorophyll basis compared with the control; iii) the slow fluorescence induction curves of the treated leaves demonstrated the presence of a peculiar fluorescence component interrupting the quenching of fluorescence at around 1 min illumination; iv) a shortage of the chlorophyll-protein complex of photosystem I (CPI) occurred with a higher content of the monomer of the light harvesting complex in the thylakoids of treated leaves; and v) the fluorescence spectrum of the CPI band present in treated leaves indicates the destruction of the structural integrity of this complex during isolation from the membrane.Abbreviations Chl
chlorophyll
- CPI, CPII
chlorophyll-protein complexes of the reaction centres of PSI and PSII
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- DPIP
2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
- DPIPH2
chemically reduced form of DPIP
-
F
o
fluorescence of constant yield
-
F
v
fluorescence of variable yield
-
F
i
,F
m
mitial and maximum yield of fluorescence
- LHCP3
monomer of the light-harvesting complex
- LHCP2 and LHCP1
oligomers of the light-harvesting complex LHCP3
- PSI, PSII
photosystems I, II
- SAN 9785
4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone, also known as BASF 13-338
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
3.
Phosphoinositides account for only a tiny fraction of cellular phospholipids but are extremely important in the regulation of the recruitment and activity of many signaling proteins in cellular membranes. Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4-kinases generate PtdIns 4-phosphate, the precursor of important regulatory phosphoinositides but also an emerging regulatory molecule in its own right. The four mammalian PtdIns 4-kinases regulate a diverse array of signaling events, as well as vesicular trafficking and lipid transport, but the mechanisms by which their lipid product PtdIns 4-phosphate controls these processes is only beginning to unfold. 相似文献
4.
Understanding how brown and beige adipocytes can be differentially controlled and activated by neuronal circuits is a fundamental prerequisite to fully comprehend the metabolic role that fat tissue plays in energy homeostasis. In this issue of EMBO reports, Wang et al 1 identify a new hypothalamic route that drives the exclusive recruitment of beige fat via the selective control of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow to subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Since the data strongly suggest that the APPL2–AMPK signaling axis is crucial for this activation, this finding sheds a new light on the cross talk between peripheral homeostatic signals and neurons that are part of hypothalamic energy homeostasis regulatory pathways in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VHM) proposing a new defending mechanism to cold and obesity. 相似文献
5.
6.
Várnai P Tóth B Tóth DJ Hunyady L Balla T 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2007,282(40):29678-29690
STIM1, a recently identified endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, rapidly translocates to a plasma membrane-adjacent ER compartment upon depletion of the ER Ca(2+) stores. Here we use a novel means, namely a chemically inducible bridge formation between the plasma and ER membranes, to highlight the plasma membrane-adjacent ER compartment and show that this is the site where STIM1 and its Ca(2+) channel partner, Orai1, form a productive interaction upon store depletion. By changing the length of the linkers connecting the plasma and ER membranes, we show that Orai1 requires a larger space than STIM1 between the two membranes. This finding suggests that Orai1 is part of a larger macromolecular cluster with an estimated 11-14-nm protrusion to the cytoplasm, whereas the cytoplasmic domain of STIM1 fits in a space calculated to be less than 6 nm. We finally show that agonist-induced translocation of STIM1 is rapidly reversible and only partially affects STIM1 in the juxtanuclear ER compartment. These studies are the first to detect juxtaposed areas between the ER and the plasma membrane in live cells, revealing novel details of STIM1-Orai1 interactions. 相似文献
7.
Evidence for targeting common siRNA hotspots and GC preference by plant Dicer-like proteins 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Small interfering (si)RNAs isolated from Brassica juncea leaves infected by Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) were characterized by cloning and sequencing. The TuMV siRNA population was dominated by 21 and 22-nt long species originated mainly from the same siRNA hotspots, indicating operational similarity between the plant Dicer-like (DCL) enzymes. Robust GC bias was observed for TuMV siRNAs versus the virus genome, indicating that DCL was more likely to target GC-rich regions. Furthermore, dicot micro-(mi)RNAs displayed higher GC% than their DCL1 substrate RNAs, implicating that the GC bias may be ancient, therefore may be important for the RNAi technology. 相似文献
8.
Kyung Eun Kim Eun Ae Jeong Hyun Joo Shin Jong Youl Lee Eun Bee Choi Hyeong Seok An Kyung-Ah Park Zhen Jin Dong Kun Lee Tamas L. Horvath Gu Seob Roh 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2019,508(1):123-129
Hypothalamic inflammation has been known as a contributor to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance and obesity. Myeloid-specific sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deletion aggravates insulin resistance and hypothalamic inflammation in HFD-fed mice. Neurogranin, a calmodulin-binding protein, is expressed in the hypothalamus. However, the effects of myeloid SIRT1 deletion on hypothalamic neurogranin has not been fully clarified. To investigate the effect of myeloid SIRT1 deletion on food intake and hypothalamic neurogranin expression, mice were fed a HFD for 20 weeks. Myeloid SIRT1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited higher food intake, weight gain, and lower expression of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus than WT mice. In particular, KO mice had lower ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-specific neurogranin expression. However, SIRT1 deletion reduced HFD-induced hypothalamic neurogranin. Furthermore, hypothalamic phosphorylated AMPK and parvalbumin protein levels were also lower in HFD-fed KO mice than in HFD-fed WT mice. Thus, these findings suggest that myeloid SIRT1 deletion affects food intake through VMH-specific neurogranin-mediated AMPK signaling and hypothalamic inflammation in mice fed a HFD. 相似文献
9.
10.
Gerg? Gulyás József T. Tóth Dániel J. Tóth István Kurucz László Hunyady Tamas Balla Péter Várnai 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Improved versions of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) sensors were created to follow intracellular InsP3 changes in single living cells and in cell populations. Similar to previous InsP3 sensors the new sensors are based on the ligand binding domain of the human type-I InsP3 receptor (InsP3R-LBD), but contain a mutation of either R265K or R269K to lower their InsP3 binding affinity. Tagging the InsP3R-LBD with N-terminal Cerulean and C-terminal Venus allowed measurement of InsP3 in single-cell FRET experiments. Replacing Cerulean with a Luciferase enzyme allowed experiments in multi-cell format by measuring the change in the BRET signal upon stimulation. These sensors faithfully followed the agonist-induced increase in InsP3 concentration in HEK 293T cells expressing the Gq-coupled AT1 angiotensin receptor detecting a response to agonist concentration as low as 10 pmol/L. Compared to the wild type InsP3 sensor, the mutant sensors showed an improved off-rate, enabling a more rapid and complete return of the signal to the resting value of InsP3 after termination of M3 muscarinic receptor stimulation by atropine. For parallel measurements of intracellular InsP3 and Ca2+ levels in BRET experiments, the Cameleon D3 Ca2+ sensor was modified by replacing its CFP with luciferase. In these experiments depletion of plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2 resulted in the fall of InsP3 level, followed by the decrease of the Ca2+-signal evoked by the stimulation of the AT1 receptor. In contrast, when type-III PI 4-kinases were inhibited with a high concentration of wortmannin or a more specific inhibitor, A1, the decrease of the Ca2+-signal preceded the fall of InsP3 level indicating an InsP3-, independent, direct regulation of capacitative Ca2+ influx by plasma membrane inositol lipids. Taken together, our results indicate that the improved InsP3 sensor can be used to monitor both the increase and decrease of InsP3 levels in live cells suitable for high-throughput BRET applications. 相似文献