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Karlheinz Grillitsch Pablo Tarazona Lisa Klug Tamara Wriessnegger Günther Zellnig Erich Leitner Ivo Feussner Günther Daum 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2014
Despite similarities of cellular membranes in all eukaryotes, every compartment displays characteristic and often unique features which are important for the functions of the specific organelles. In the present study, we biochemically characterized the plasma membrane of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris with emphasis on the lipids which form the matrix of this compartment. Prerequisite for this effort was the design of a standardized and reliable isolation protocol of the plasma membrane at high purity. Analysis of isolated plasma membrane samples from P. pastoris revealed an increase of phosphatidylserine and a decrease of phosphatidylcholine compared to bulk membranes. The amount of saturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane was higher than in total cell extracts. Ergosterol, the final product of the yeast sterol biosynthetic pathway, was found to be enriched in plasma membrane fractions, although markedly lower than in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A further characteristic feature of the plasma membrane from P. pastoris was the enrichment of inositol phosphorylceramides over neutral sphingolipids, which accumulated in internal membranes. The detailed analysis of the P. pastoris plasma membrane is discussed in the light of cell biological features of this microorganism especially as a microbial cell factory for heterologous protein production. 相似文献
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Anton Pauw Sunshine A. Van Bael Halton A. Peters Steven D. Allison José L. C. Camargo Miguel Cifuentes-Jara Aurlstela Conserva Teresa Garcia Restom Tamara Heartsill-Scalley Scott A. Mangan Gabriela Nunez-lturri Elsie Rivera-Ocasio Mark Rountree Susanne Vetter Carolina Volkmer de Castllho 《Biotropica》2004,36(3):410-413
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Jum-Sook Chung Larry L. Keeley 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1989,159(3):359-370
Summary Diuretic factors were studied in the central nervous system of larvae of the tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens, using [14C]urea as a sensitive indicator for water movement through isolated Malpighian tubules. The assay required Na+ and a pH of 6.0–6.2 for maximum activity. Malpighian tubules had high secretory activity in feeding larvae of the fifth instar, but the activity declined during the burrowing-digging stage that preceded pupation. Malpighian tubules from starved larvae showed a greater response to extracts of nervous tissues than did tubules from feeding larvae, and extracts showed a dose-response relationship with fluid secretion. Diuretic activity was distributed throughout all parts of the central nervous system with the brain having the most activity. Brain extracts increased fluid secretion by in vitro Malpighian tubules by more than 3-fold and doubled the rate of dye clearance from the hemolymph in vivo. Diuretic activity in nervous tissue extracts was unaffected by boiling but sensitive to proteases. Fluid secretion by in vitro tubules was increased by cAMP, dbcAMP, theophylline, octopamine and dopa. These studies provide evidence for the presence of diuretic factors in the central nervous system ofH. virescens larvae and describe a sensitive bioassay for these factors.Abbreviations
AR
activation ratio
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cAMP
cyclic AMP
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dbcAMP
dibutyryl cyclic AMP
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dbcGMP
dibutyryl cyclic GMP
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Dopa
dihydroxyphenylalanine
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5-HT
5-hydroxytryptamine
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L1
larval instar
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VCNS
ventral central nervous system 相似文献
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Alexander I. Roitbak Elijah V. Ocherashvili Peter R. Laming Tamara A. Roitbak 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1992,170(3):327-333
Summary In 17 frogs (Rana esculenta var ridibunda) immobilised with succinyl choline the optic tectal surface was stimulated by trains of electrical pulses or by a flash to the contralateral eye. Sustained potential shifts (SPSs) and changes in extracellular potassium concentration ( [K+]0) were simultaneously recorded.In response to electrical stimulation SPSs of maximal amplitudes (1.19±0.1 mV) were recorded between 50 and 200 m in depth and maximal [K+]0 (0.69 ±0.08 mM) between 100 and 350 m. The changes of SPS and [K+]0 showed a close similarity in experiments with changes in voltage, pulse duration and frequency of stimuli within a train. The induced SPS had a duration of 28±1.54 s, the [K+]0 of 32±1.23 s.The flash stimulus induced an SPS and [K+]0 of maximal amplitudes between 50 and 200 m in depth with values of 0.57±0.1 mV and 0.29±0.03 mM respectively. An additional wave with a latency of ca 1 s and a duration of ca 3 s arose on the background of the SPS to a flash stimulus, associated with an additional increase in [K+]0.It is considered that the accumulation of K+ in extra-cellular space, with neuronal activity, results in depolarization of radial processes of ependymal glia. This is reflected in the neuropil of the upper layers of the optic tectum as an SPS.We would like to dedicate this article to the memory of Alexander Roitbak who died as a result of a tragic accident while this paper was in press. He will be remembered fondly especially for his contributions to understanding of the functions of Neuroglia. E.V.O., P.R.L., T.A.R. 相似文献
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Parthenogenesis in Tubificidae 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Tamara L. Poddubnaya 《Hydrobiologia》1984,115(1):97-99
The ability of tubificids to reproduce parthenogenetically following or in place of bisexual reproduction has been proved. During parthenogenesis the spermatogenesis ceases at an early stage of sexual cell development, which, together with some peculiarities of the structure of the sexual system, rules out the possibility of self-fertilization in the worms. For two years of cultivation the life cycles of 3 parthenogenetic generations in Tubifex tubifex and 2 in Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were traced. 相似文献