Modern biotechnologies in estimation of genetic diversity of Ukrainian varieties of hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

Genetic variety estimation of hop gene pool using DNA-typing of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci and optimization of introduction to the culture of in vitro conditions is the important stage of national varieties resources forming, basis of modern nursery and protect mean of varieties property, and also it is necessary for development of molecular methods of selection of planting-stocks free from pathogens.     

Molecular genetic analysis of soriz genome (Sorghum oryzoidum)

Molecular-genetic analysis of soriz genotypes (Sorghum oryzoidum), its paternal form Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (grain sorghum), possible parents (Sorghum sudanense (Piper.) Stapf. (Sudan grass) and Oryza sativa L. (rice planting)) and the nearest relatives has been carried out using microsatellite (MS) loci of sorghum and rice. Based on these data genetic distances have been calculated. It was shown that soriz do not bear DNA fragments of rice, but contains in its genome DNA fragments belonging to the Sudanese grass indicating that the origin of soriz is associated with Sorghum sudanense.     

Marking of the loci encoding maize resistance to Fusarium

Genotyping of F2-population from crossing of maize lines Odesskaya 139 and R221 contrasting on Fusarium rot resistance has been carried out. Codominant DNA-marker RGA11 to the locus determining Fusarium resistance was found out at the distance of 18.3 cM.     

Analysis of common wheat varieties and near-isogenic lines by PCR with allele-specific primers for Gli-1 and Glu-3 loci

The allelic characteristics of the Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1 and Glu-A3 loci of 14 bread wheat varieties and 6 near-isogenic lines derived from Bezostaya 1 have been detected by PCR analysis. The conformity of molecular-genetic data and electrophoresis of storage proteins has been determined: the allelic variants of gliadins Gli-A1o and Gi-A1m correspond to the PCR-allele GliA1.2, the gliadin variants Gli-A1f, Gli-A1b, Gli-A1c correspond to the PCR-allele GliA 1.1, the allelic variants Gli-B1b, Gli-B1d--to the PCR-allele GliB1.1 and the variants Gli-B1e, Gli-B1g, Gli-B1c-to the PCR-allele GliB1.2. A new PCR-allele at the GliB) locus in the line Gli-B1-12 (with the gliadin block Gli-B1o from Levent) was identified.     

Molecular-genetic analysis of maize mitochondrion regions associated with cytoplasmic male sterility

Molecular-genetic polymorphism of 86 world and Ukrainian breeding maize lines with S-, C- and T-types of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and with normal wild type mitochondrion has been researched via mitochondrion regions PCR-analysis. Molecular marker system allowed to detect and identify definite type of CMS within maize lines, as well as to differentiate lines with definite CMS type either from lines with another CMS type or from normal wild type cytoplasm lines.     

DNA-identification of rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) of Ukrainian selection

Genetic diversity of 11 rice varieties of the Institute of rice UAAS was assessed using a set of 25 SSR loci. Based on analyses of 12 polymorphic microsatillite loci the procedures for composing genetic formulas of varieties and their identification have been elaborated. UPGMA-cluster-analysis based on genetic distance coefficients clearly separated all the varieties into two groups, and showed that the Ukrainian rice varieties are closely related. Although the genetic diversity was low, SSRs proved to be an efficient tool in assessing the genetic diversity of rice genotypes.     

The effectiveness of selection for the DNA markers of quantitative trait loci in maize populations

DNA-markers of some agronomically valuable quantitative trait loci were detected by SSR- and ISSR-PCR. Method of genetic improvement of initial population for polygenic trait complex is proposed basing on direct selection of plants according to their genotype marker profiles. Experimental modelling of marker selection within populations (gamma K26 x Mo17) F3-F4 has been carried out. Requirements of marker combination in test systems and criteria of marker informativity have been grounded. Significant effectiveness of marker selection in comparison with traditional methods of selection in maize breeding has been demonstrated.