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AV Shevchenko IG Budzanivska TP Shevchenko VP Polischuk D Spaar 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(2):139-146
The work was focused on the investigation of possible dependencies between the development of viral infection in plants and the presence of high heavy metal concentrations in soil. Field experiments have been conducted in order to study the development of systemic tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection in Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Miliana plants under effect of separate salts of heavy metals Cu, Zn and Pb deposited in soil. As it is shown, simultaneous effect of viral infection and heavy metals in tenfold maximum permissible concentration leads to decrease of total chlorophyll content in experiment plants mainly due to the degradation of chlorophyll a. The reduction of chlorophyll concentration under the combined influence of both stress factors was more serious comparing to the separate effect of every single factor. Plants' treatment with toxic concentrations of lead and zinc leaded to slight delay in the development of systemic TMV infection together with more than twofold increase of virus content in plants that may be an evidence of synergism between these heavy metal's and virus' effects. Contrary, copper although decreased total chlorophyll content but showed protective properties and significantly reduced amount of virus in plants. 相似文献
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Sunk IG Trattnig S Graninger WB Amoyo L Tuerk B Steiner CW Smolen JS Bobacz K 《Arthritis research & therapy》2006,8(4):R106-11
The influence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices at high field strengths on living tissues is unknown. We investigated
the effects of a 3-tesla electromagnetic field (EMF) on the biosynthetic activity of bovine articular cartilage. Bovine articular
cartilage was obtained from juvenile and adult animals. Whole joints or cartilage explants were subjected to a pulsed 3-tesla
EMF; controls were left unexposed. Synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) was measured by using [35S]sulfate incorporation; mRNA encoding the cartilage markers aggrecan and type II collagen, as well as IL-1β, were analyzed
by RT–PCR. Furthermore, effects of the 3-tesla EMF were determined over the course of time directly after exposure (day 0)
and at days 3 and 6. In addition, the influence of a 1.5-tesla EMF on cartilage sGAG synthesis was evaluated. Chondrocyte
cell death was assessed by staining with Annexin V and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Exposure to the EMF resulted
in a significant decrease in cartilage macromolecule synthesis. Gene expression of both aggrecan and IL-1β, but not of collagen
type II, was reduced in comparison with controls. Staining with Annexin V and TUNEL revealed no evidence of cell death. Interestingly,
chondrocytes regained their biosynthetic activity within 3 days after exposure, as shown by proteoglycan synthesis rate and
mRNA expression levels. Cartilage samples exposed to a 1.5-tesla EMF remained unaffected. Although MRI devices with a field
strength of more than 1.5 T provide a better signal-to-noise ratio and thereby higher spatial resolution, their high field
strength impairs the biosynthetic activity of articular chondrocytes in vitro. Although this decrease in biosynthetic activity seems to be transient, articular cartilage exposed to high-energy EMF may
become vulnerable to damage. 相似文献
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Benjamin Stich Bettina IG Haussmann Raj Pasam Sankalp Bhosale C Tom Hash Albrecht E Melchinger Heiko K Parzies 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):216
Background
The distribution area of pearl millet in West and Central Africa (WCA) harbours a wide range of climatic and environmental conditions as well as diverse farmer preferences and pearl millet utilization habits which have the potential to lead to local adaptation and thereby to population structure. The objectives of our research were to (i) assess the geographical distribution of genetic diversity in pearl millet inbreds derived from landraces, (ii) assess the population structure of pearl millet from WCA, and (iii) identify those geographical parameters and environmental factors from the location at which landraces were sampled, as well as those phenotypic traits that may have affected or led to this population structure. Our study was based on a set of 145 inbred lines derived from 122 different pearl millet landraces from WCA. 相似文献5.
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Margarethe Biong Inger T Gram Ilene Brill Fredrik Johansen Hiroko K Solvang Grethe IG Alnaes Toril Fagerheim Yngve Bremnes Stephen J Chanock Laurie Burdett Meredith Yeager Giske Ursin Vessela N Kristensen 《BMC medical genomics》2010,3(1):1-13
Background
Chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) afflict millions of people worldwide, but their pathogenesis is still not well understood. It is also not well known if distinct changes in gene expression characterize these diseases and if these patterns can discriminate between diseased and control patients and/or stratify the disease. The main focus of our work was the identification of novel markers that overlap among the 3 diseases or discriminate them from each other.Methods
Diseased (n = 13, n = 15 and n = 12 in IBD, psoriasis and RA respectively) and healthy patients (n = 18) were recruited based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria; peripheral blood samples were collected by clinicians (30 ml) in Venous Blood Vacuum Collection Tubes containing EDTA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent. Gene expression data was obtained using TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) containing 96 genes that were selected by an algorithm and the statistical analyses were performed in Prism by using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test (P-values < 0.05).Results
Here we show that using a panel of 96 disease associated genes and measuring mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells; we could identify disease-specific gene panels that separate each disease from healthy controls. In addition, a panel of five genes such as ADM, AQP9, CXCL2, IL10 and NAMPT discriminates between all samples from patients with chronic inflammation and healthy controls. We also found genes that stratify the diseases and separate different subtypes or different states of prognosis in each condition.Conclusions
These findings and the identification of five universal markers of chronic inflammation suggest that these diseases have a common background in pathomechanism, but still can be separated by peripheral blood gene expression. Importantly, the identified genes can be associated with overlapping biological processes including changed inflammatory response. Gene panels based on such markers can play a major role in the development of personalized medicine, in monitoring disease progression and can lead to the identification of new potential drug targets in chronic inflammation. 相似文献7.
Hofstaetter JG Saad FA Sunk IG Bobacz K Friehs I Glimcher MJ 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2007,1770(7):997-1002
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene gives rise to several distinct isoforms of VEGF. Those isoforms differ in biochemical and biological properties, and it has been reported that their expression patterns are tissue and age specific as well. We investigated the expression levels of VEGF isoforms (VEGF121, VEGF165, VEGF183, VEGF189) and its receptors (VEGFR-1, flt-1 and VEGFR-2, flk-1/KDR) in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of 2- to 3-week-, 2-month-, and 18-month-old New Zealand White rabbits using Sybr green Real-Time RT-PCR. VEGF isoforms and both receptors were expressed in the ACL at all investigated ages. VEGF121 was found to be the most abundant isoform at the ages under investigation, followed by VEGF165, VEGF189 and VEGF183. All isoforms showed decreased expression levels with age, however the larger membrane bound isoforms, VEGF183 and VEGF189, showed the most striking age-associated decrease in expression level. VEGFR-1 expression levels increased with age, while the expression level of VEGFR-2 expression was highest at 2-3 weeks and was significantly lower at 2 and 18 months of age. Distinct age-associated differences in the expression level of VEGF isoforms as well as their receptors suggest differential physiological functions during development, maturation and ageing of the ACL. 相似文献
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