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Vaibhav D. Bhatt Suchitra S. Dande Nitin V. Patil Chaitanya G. Joshi 《Molecular biology reports》2013,40(4):3363-3371
Rumen microorganisms play an important role in ruminant digestion and absorption of nutrients and have great potential applications in the field of rumen adjusting, food fermentation and biomass utilization etc. In order to investigate the composition of microorganisms in the rumen of camel (Camelus dromedarius), this study delves in the microbial diversity by culture-independent approach. It includes comparison of rumen samples investigated in the present study to other currently available metagenomes to reveal potential differences in rumen microbial systems. Pyrosequencing based metagenomics was applied to analyze phylogenetic and metabolic profiles by MG-RAST, a web based tool. Pyrosequencing of camel rumen sample yielded 8,979,755 nucleotides assembled to 41,905 sequence reads with an average read length of 214 nucleotides. Taxonomic analysis of metagenomic reads indicated Bacteroidetes (55.5 %), Firmicutes (22.7 %) and Proteobacteria (9.2 %) phyla as predominant camel rumen taxa. At a finer phylogenetic resolution, Bacteroides species dominated the camel rumen metagenome. Functional analysis revealed that clustering-based subsystem and carbohydrate metabolism were the most abundant SEED subsystem representing 17 and 13 % of camel metagenome, respectively. A high taxonomic and functional similarity of camel rumen was found with the cow metagenome which is not surprising given the fact that both are mammalian herbivores with similar digestive tract structures and functions. Combined pyrosequencing approach and subsystems-based annotations available in the SEED database allowed us access to understand the metabolic potential of these microbiomes. Altogether, these data suggest that agricultural and animal husbandry practices can impose significant selective pressures on the rumen microbiota regardless of rumen type. The present study provides a baseline for understanding the complexity of camel rumen microbial ecology while also highlighting striking similarities and differences when compared to other animal gastrointestinal environments. 相似文献
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Robert P. Sellers Leslie D. Alexander Victoria A. Johnson Chun-Chieh Lin Jeremiah Savage Ricardo Corral Jason Moss Tim S. Slugocki Erinprit K. Singh Melinda R. Davis Suchitra Ravula Jamie E. Spicer Jenna L. Oelrich Andrea Thornquist Chung-Mao Pan Shelli R. McAlpine 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2010,18(18):6822-6856
Utilizing the structure–activity relationship we have developed during the synthesis of the first two generations and mechanism of action studies that point to the interaction of these molecules with the key oncogenic protein Hsp90, we report here the design of 32 new Sansalvamide A derivatives and their synthesis. Our new structures, designed from previously reported potent compounds, were tested for cytotoxicity on the HCT116 colon cancer cell line, and their binding to the biological target was analyzed using computational studies involving blind docking of derivatives using Autodock. Further, we show new evidence that our molecules bind directly to Hsp90 and modulate Hsp90’s binding with client proteins. Finally, we demonstrate that we have integrated good ADME properties into a new derivative. 相似文献
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We developed eight polymorphic microsatellite loci in Indian neem (Azadirachta indica var. indica) and cross-amplified in closely related species Thai neem (A. indica var. siamensis). The number of alleles per locus in Indian neem and Thai neem ranged from 3 to 9 and 3 to 9, respectively. Average observed
and expected heterozygosities in Indian neem and Thai neem were 0.63 and 0.70 and 0.61 and 0.65, respectively. Two loci exhibited
significantly fewer heterozygotes than expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellites may provide a useful
tool for population genetics to establish conservation and management strategy. 相似文献
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Joshi AA Kanekar PP Kelkar AS Shouche YS Vani AA Borgave SB Sarnaik SS 《Microbial ecology》2008,55(2):163-172
Aerobic, alkaliphilic bacteria were isolated and characterized from water and sediment samples collected in the winter season,
January 2002 from alkaline Lonar lake, India, having pH 10.5. The total number of microorganisms in the sediment and water
samples was found to be 102–106 cfu g−1 and 102–104 cfu ml−1, respectively. One hundred and ninety-six strains were isolated using different enrichment media. To study the bacterial
diversity of Lonar lake and to select the bacterial strains for further characterization, screening was done on the basis
of pH and salt tolerance of the isolates. Sixty-four isolates were subjected to phenotypic, biochemical characterization and
16S rRNA sequencing. Out of 64, 31 bacterial isolates were selected on the basis of their enzyme profile and further subjected
to phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of the Lonar lake isolates were related to the phylum
Firmicutes, containing Low G+C, Gram-positive bacteria, with different genera: Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Alkalibacillus, Exiguobacterium, Planococcus, Enterococcus and Vagococcus. Seven strains constituted a Gram-negative bacterial group, with different genera: Halomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Providencia affiliated to γ-Proteobacteria, Alcaligenes to β-Proteobacteria and Paracoccus to α-Proteobacteria. Only five isolates were High G+C, Gram-positive bacteria associated with phylum Actinobacteria, with
various genera: Cellulosimicrobium, Dietzia, Arthrobacter and Micrococcus. Despite the alkaline pH of the Lonar lake, most of the strains were alkalitolerant and only two strains were obligate alkaliphilic.
Most of the isolates produced biotechnologically important enzymes at alkaline pH, while only two isolates (ARI 351 and ARI
341) showed the presence of polyhydroxyalkcanoate (PHA) and exopolysaccharide (EPS), respectively. 相似文献
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Hazra B Pore V Dey S Datta S Darokar M Saikia D Khanuja SP Thakur A 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2004,14(3):773-777
Cholic and deoxycholic acid amides 10-17 have been synthesised from (1R,2R)-1-phenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol 2, (1S,2S)-1-phenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol 4, (1R,2R)-1-para-nitrophenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol 3, (1S,2S)-1-para-nitrophenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol 5. Amide 12 derived from N-succinimidyl ester 9 of deoxycholic acid and (1R,2R)-1-phenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol 2, found to be active against Cryptococcus neoformans and the amide 17 obtained from N-succinimidyl ester 9 of deoxycholic acid and (1S,2S)-1-para-nitrophenyl-2-amino-1,3-propanediol 5, is found to be potent against various gram-positive bacteria. 相似文献
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Price TB Krishnan-Sarin S Rothman DL 《American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism》2003,285(1):E116-E122
Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of many adverse health consequences. Chronic nicotine exposure leads to insulin resistance and may increase the risk of developing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in young otherwise healthy smokers. To evaluate smoking-induced effects on carbohydrate metabolism, we studied muscle glycogen recovery from exercise in a young healthy population of smokers. The study used 31P-13C NMR spectroscopy to compare muscle glycogen and glucose 6-phosphate levels during recovery in exercised gastrocnemius muscles of randomized cohorts of healthy male smokers (S) and controls (C). Data for the two groups were as follows: S, > or =20 cigarettes/day (n = 8), 24 +/- 2 yr, 173 +/- 3 cm, 70 +/- 4 kg and age- and weight-matched nonsmoking C (n = 10), 23 +/- 1 yr, 175 +/- 3 cm, 67 +/- 3 kg. Subjects performed single-leg toe raises to deplete glycogen to approximately 20 mmol/l, and glycogen resynthesis was measured during the first 4 h of recovery. Plasma samples were assayed for glucose and insulin at rest and during recovery. Test subjects were recruited from the general community surrounding Yale University. Glycogen was depleted to similar levels in the two groups [23.5 +/- 1.2 (S) and 19.1 +/- 1.3 (C) mmol/l]. During the 1st h of recovery, glycogen synthesis rates were similar [13.8 +/- 1.1 (S) and 15.3 +/- 1.3 (C) mmol x l-1 x h-1]. Between hours 1 and 4, glycogen synthesis was impaired in smokers [0.8 +/- 0.2 (S) and 4.5 +/- 0.5 (C) mmol x l-1 x h-1, P = 0.0002] compared with controls. Glucose 6-phosphate was reduced in smokers during hours 1-4 [0.105 +/- 0.006 (S) and 0.217 +/- 0.019 (C) mmol/l, P = 0.0212]. We conclude that cigarette smoking impairs the insulin-dependent portion of muscle recovery from glycogen-depleting exercise. This impairment likely results from a reduction in glucose uptake. 相似文献
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Sattigeri JA Andappan MM Kishore K Thangathirupathy S Sundaram S Singh S Sharma S Davis JA Chugh A Bansal VS 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2008,18(14):4087-4091
The induction of conformationally restricted N-(aryl or heteroaryl)-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives at P2 region of compounds of 2-cyanopyrrolidine class was explored to develop novel DPP-IV inhibitors. The synthesis, structure–activity relationship, and selectivity against related proteases are delineated. 相似文献