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1.
Diabetogenic action of GH and cortisol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Aspects of the mechanisms behind the Somogyi phenomenon 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect on glucose homeostasis of a transient elevation of plasma growth hormone (GH) and cortisol was studied over 6 h in 14 male patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) by using an i.v. somatostatin (100 micrograms/h) - insulin (0.4 mU/kg/min) glucose (3 mg/kg/min) - infusion test (SIGIT). GH (20 mU/kg) was given as a 60 min i.v. infusion during the initial SIGIT period raising the plasma GH level to about 40 micrograms/l, and returning to low basal within 3 h. ACTH (0.1 mg) was given as an i.v. bolus injection at the start of the SIGIT, resulting in plasma cortisol peak values of about 900 nmol/l within 2-3 h. GH raised blood glucose after a lag of 4 h while ACTH alone had no effect. However, ACTH added to GH enhanced the diabetogenic effect of GH. It is concluded that an episodic increase in circulating GH-cortisol, resembling the responses of these hormones to an insulin-induced hypoglycemia, exerts a diabetogenic effect in IDDM-patients not deprived of insulin. While GH is essential in this respect the diabetogenic effect of cortisol is evident only in conjunction with GH. 相似文献
2.
Olle Johansson Marita Hilliges Claes-Göran Östenson Elvi Sandberg Suad Efendic Viktor Mutt 《Cell and tissue research》1991,263(2):395-398
Summary The occurrence of diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), isolated and characterized from porcine upper intestine, was examined in the pancreas of Sprague-Dawley albino rats using indirect immunofluorescence. The polypeptide was found in the endocrine Langerhans islets and, utilizing double-labelling controls, it was shown to be present within the peripherally located glucagon-containing cells. Regulation of islet hormone production may therefore be under DBI control. 相似文献
3.
Neuropeptide Y,enkephalin and noradrenaline coexist in sympathetic neurons innervating the bovine spleen 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Dr. G. Fried L. Terenius E. Brodin S. Efendic G. Dockray J. Fahrenkrug M. Goldstein T. Hökfelt 《Cell and tissue research》1986,243(3):495-508
Summary The subcellular distribution of noradrenaline (NA), neuropeptide Y (NPY), Met and Leu-enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was investigated in homogenates of bovine splenic nerve. The distribution of noradrenergic peptide-containing nerves in the bovine celiac ganglion, splenic nerve and terminal areas in spleen was studied by indirect immunofluorescence histochemistry using antisera to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine--hydroxylase (DBH), NPY, enkephalin peptides, SP, SOM, VIP and peptide HI (PHI).After density gradient centrifugation, high levels of NPY and ENK-like immunoreactivity (LI) were found in high-density gradient fractions, coinciding with the main NA peak. SP, SOM and VIP were found in fractions with a lower density, VIP being also enriched in a heavy fraction; the latter three peptides were present in low concentrations.Immunohistochemistry revealed that staining for NPYLI and ENK-LI partly overlapped that for TH and DBH in celiac ganglia, splenic nerve axons and terminal areas of spleen. Almost all principal ganglion cells were TH- and DBH-immunoreactive. Many were also NPY-immunoreactive, whereas a smaller number were ENK-positive. In the celiac ganglion patches of dense SP-positive networks and some VIP/PHI- and ENK-immunoreactive fibers were seen around cell bodies.The results indicate that NPY and ENK are stored with NA in large dense-cored vesicles in unmyelinated axons of bovine splenic nerve. SP, SOM and VIP appear in different organelles in axon populations separate from sympathetic noradrenergic nerves. 相似文献
4.
Mang C. Yu Amos G. Gona Ophelia Gona Suad Al-Rabiai Stanley Von Hagen Edwin Cohen 《Bioelectromagnetics》1993,14(5):449-458
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF; 60 Hz) electromagnetic (EM) fields on somatic growth and cortical development, as well as biochemical and morphological maturation, of the rat neopallium. On the fifth day of pregnancy, female rats were put in pairs into plastic cages that were housed in a specially constructed apparatus for irradiation under three separate sets of combination and intensity: 1) 1 kV/m and 10 gauss; 2) 100 kV/m and 1 gauss; and 3) 100 kV/m and 10 gauss. The dams were exposed for 23 h daily, from days 5 through 19 postconception after which they were returned to cages outside the exposure apparatus until they littered. The neonates were culled to eight pups per litter. At 0 (birth), 5, 12, and 19 days postnatally, they were killed for biochemical and morphological studies. Another group of pregnant rats was sham-exposed in an identical apparatus, which was not energized, and the pups were used as controls. The irradiated rats exhibited no physical abnormalities, nor did they show brain deformities such as swelling or herniation following exposure to ELF-EM fields. There was no difference in somatic growth between control and exposed rats, but a small reduction in cortical weight was observed in rats exposed at 1 kV/m and 10 gauss, and 100 kV/m and 1 gauss, respectively. Biochemical measurements of DNA. RNA, protein, and cerebroside concentrations indicated that among the three separate exposures, only the neopallium of rats exposed at 1 kV/m and 10 gauss showed a small reduction in DNA level, as well as small reductions in RNA and protein levels. No changes were noticed in cerebroside levels in any exposed animals, and there were no differences in protein/DNA and cerebroside/DNA ratios between control and exposed rats. Morphological observations did not reveal any detectable alterations in the irradiated rats. These results indicate that exposure to ELF-EM fields caused minimal or no changes in somatic growth and cerebral development of the rat. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Down-regulated expression of exocytotic proteins in pancreatic islets of diabetic GK rats 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Zhang W Khan A Ostenson CG Berggren PO Efendic S Meister B 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2002,291(4):1038-1044
Exocytosis is regulated by exocytotic proteins, which are present in insulin-secreting beta-cells and play regulatory roles in insulin secretion. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) is a disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Exocytotic protein immunoreactivities were studied in pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats using immunofluorescence histochemistry. The immunoreactivities for vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2), synaptotagmin III, cysteine string protein (CSP), mammalian homologue of the unc-18 gene (Munc-18), alpha-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive attachment protein (alpha-SNAP), N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) exhibited weaker immunofluorescence intensity in islets of GK rats as compared to control Wistar rats. Insulin immunoreactivity was also decreased in GK rat beta-cells, whereas no detectable alterations in the expression of actin immunoreactivity could be detected. The data suggest that reduced expression of exocytotic proteins and decreased insulin content may contribute to the diabetic syndrome in the GK rat. 相似文献
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9.
Sharoyko VV Zaitseva II Varsanyi M Portwood N Leibiger B Leibiger I Berggren PO Efendić S Zaitsev SV 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,338(3):1455-1459
The monomeric G-protein, Rhes, is a candidate imidazoline-regulated molecule involved in mediating the insulin secretory response to efaroxan [S.L. Chan, L.K. Monks, H. Gao, P. Deaville, N.G. Morgan, Identification of the monomeric G-protein, Rhes, as an efaroxan-regulated protein in the pancreatic beta-cell, Br. J. Pharmacol. 136 (1) (2002) 31-36]. This suggestion was based on observations regarding changes in Rhes mRNA expression in rat islets and pancreatic beta-cells after prolonged culture with efaroxan, leading to desensitization of the insulin response to the compound. To verify this report, we have evaluated the effects of the imidazoline compounds efaroxan and BL11282 on Rhes mRNA expression in isolated rat pancreatic islets maintained in conditions identical to those used by Chan et al. The results demonstrate that desensitization of the insulin response to efaroxan, or to another imidazoline, BL11282, does not change Rhes mRNA expression levels. Transfection of MIN6 cells with plasmids containing Rhes or Rhes-antisense also does not alter efaroxan- or BL11282-induced insulin secretion. Together, these data do not support the hypothesis that Rhes is an imidazoline-regulated protein. 相似文献
10.
Salehi A Meidute Abaraviciene S Jimenez-Feltstrom J Ostenson CG Efendic S Lundquist I 《PloS one》2008,3(5):e2165