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排序方式: 共有160条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Stemler A 《Plant physiology》1989,91(1):287-290
Formate has been proposed to inhibit electron flow in photosystem II by replacing endogenous bound bicarbonate on the reaction center complex. A mass spectrometer was used to measure directly the CO2/HCO3− released when maize thylakoids, showing normal rates of electron flow, were treated with formate. Although the formate inhibited electron flow by 95%, no release (displacement) of CO2/HCO3− was detected. This is consistent with the concept that membrane-bound HCO3− is not a requirement for normal rates of electron flow through photosystem II. Moreover, formate and other monovalent anions do not inhibit electron flow by removing bound HCO3− but by binding to empty sites. The “bicarbonate effect” is a reversal, by high concentrations of exogenous bicarbonate, of anion inhibition of photosystem II. 相似文献
2.
We tested a number of inhibitory monovalent anions for their primary site of action on photosystem II(PSII) in chloroplasts. We find that the inhibitory effects of F−, HCO2−, NO2−, NO3−, and CH3CO2− are all reversed by addition of a high concentration of HCO3−. This class of anions competitively inhibits H14CO3− binding to PSII. All of those anions tested reduced H14CO3− binding more in the light than in the dark. We conclude that the primary inhibitory site of action of a number of monovalent anions is at the HCO3− binding site(s) on the PSII complex. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor gold cyanide, and also azide, inhibit PSII but at a site other than the HCO3− binding site. We suggest that the unique ability of HCO3− to reverse the effects of inhibitory anions reflects its singular ability to act as a proton donor/acceptor at the anion binding site. A similar role has been proposed for non-substrate-bound HCO3− on carbonic anhydrase by Yeagle et al. (1975 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72: 454-458). 相似文献
3.
4.
M Stemler T Weimer Z X Tu D F Wan M Levrero C Jung G R Pape H Will 《Journal of virology》1990,64(6):2802-2809
The immune response to the X protein of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) was studied by epitope mapping by using a set of MS2-HBx fusion proteins and synthetic peptides. Antibodies in sera of patients with acute and chronic HBV infection showed a multispecific immune response. Each serum contained antibodies to a different set of epitopes, which taken together cover most of the HBx sequence. Some of the epitopes were detectable only by immunoblotting with fusion proteins; others were detectable only by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with synthetic peptides. The carboxy-terminal half of the HBx protein was preferentially recognized by antibodies from patients with chronic hepatitis and contained a short immunodominant antigenic region with at least two major nonoverlapping epitopes. Anti-HBx antibody titers as revealed by peptide ELISAs were highest and most frequent in patients with chronic hepatitis and usually low in acutely infected patients and asymptomatic carriers. The data demonstrate a remarkable qualitative and quantitative heterogeneity of the humoral HBx immune response which can be monitored by HBx-specific peptide ELISAs. Such tests may become useful diagnostic tools. 相似文献
5.
Direct sequencing of the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) of shrews
(genus Sorex) for the region between the tRNA(Pro) and the conserved
sequence block-F revealed variable numbers of 79-bp tandem repeats. These
repeats were found in all 19 individuals sequenced, representing three
subspecies and one closely related species of the masked shrew group (Sorex
cinereus cinereus, S. c. miscix, S. c. acadicus, and S. haydeni) and an
outgroup, the pygmy shrew (S. hoyi). Each specimen also possessed an
adjacent 76-bp imperfect copy of the tandem repeats. One individual was
heteroplasmic for length variants consisting of five and seven copies of
the 79-bp tandem repeat. The sequence of the repeats is conducive to the
formation of secondary structure. A termination-associated sequence is
present in each of the repeats and in a unique sequence region 5' to the
tandem array as well. Mean genetic distance between the masked shrew taxa
and the pygmy shrew was calculated separately for the unique sequence
region, one of the tandem repeats, the imperfect repeat, and these three
regions combined. The unique sequence region evolved more rapidly than the
tandem repeats or the imperfect repeat. The small genetic distance between
pairs of tandem repeats within an individual is consistent with a model of
concerted evolution. Repeats are apparently duplicated and lost at a high
rate, which tends to homogenize the tandem array. The rate of D- loop
sequence divergence between the masked and pygmy shrews is estimated to be
15%-20%/Myr, the highest rate observed in D-loops of mammals. Rapid
sequence evolution in shrews may be due either to their high metabolic rate
and short generation time or to the presence of variable numbers of tandem
repeats.
相似文献
6.
7.
大鼠胼胝体内神经肽Y免疫反应阳性纤维的发育 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验用免疫组织化学ABC法研究了大鼠胼胝体内神经肽Y免疫反应阳性(NPY-IR)纤维的生后发育。结果发现,许多NPY-IR纤维在大鼠出生时便存在于胼胝体内。NPY-IR胼胝体纤维的密度在生后1周内继续逐渐增高,在第2周内达到最高峰。之后,NPY-IR胼胝体纤维的密度逐渐下降,至第3周末时接近成年时的水平,即仅有少量NPY-IR纤维存在于胼胝体内。这些结果提示在大鼠早期生后发育过程中许多NPY-IR胼胝体纤维是暂时性的,其作用可能与大脑皮质的机能发育有关。 相似文献
8.
Alan Stemler 《BBA》1980,593(1):103-112
In broken chloroplasts the presence of 100 mM sodium formate at pH 8.2 will specifically lengthen the Photosystem II relaxation times of the reactions S′2 → S3 and S′3 → S0. Rates of reactions S′0 → S1 and S′1 → S2 remain unaffected. Evidence is presented which indicates the discrimination among S-states by formate cannot be attributed to a block imposed on the reducing side of Photosystem II. The results are interpreted in context of the known interaction of formate and CO2 which is bound to the Photosystem II reaction center complex. It is proposed that those S-state transitions which show extended relaxation times in the presence of formate must result in the momentary release and rebinding of CO2. Furthermore since formate is acting on the oxygen-evolving side of Photosystem II, it would seem that CO2 is released in reactions that occur there. A chemical model of oxygen evolution is presented. It is based on the hypothesis that hydrated CO2 is the immediate source of photosynthetically evolved oxygen and explains why, under certain conditions formate slows only the S-state transitions S′2 → S3 and S′3 → S0. 相似文献
9.
10.
Black AP Bhayani H Ryder CA Pugh MT Gardner-Medwin JM Southwood TR 《Arthritis research & therapy》2003,5(5):R277-R284
The aim of this research was to determine whether all memory T cells have the same propensity to migrate to the joint in patients
with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Paired synovial fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to
a panel of antigens were measured and the results correlated with a detailed set of laboratory and clinical data from 39 patients
with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Two distinct patterns of proliferative response were found in the majority of patients:
a diverse pattern, in which synovial fluid responses were greater than peripheral blood responses for all antigens tested;
and a restricted pattern, in which peripheral blood responses to some antigens were more vigorous than those in the synovial
fluid compartment. The diverse pattern was generally found in patients with a high acute phase response, whereas patients
without elevated acute phase proteins were more likely to demonstrate a restricted pattern. We propose that an association
between the synovial fluid T cell repertoire and the acute phase response suggests that proinflammatory cytokines may influence
recruitment of memory T cells to an inflammatory site, independent of their antigen specificity. Additionally, increased responses
to enteric bacteria and the presence of αEβ7 T cells in synovial fluid may reflect accumulation of gut associated T cells
in the synovial compartment, even in the absence of an elevated acute phase response. This is the first report of an association
between the acute phase response and the T cell population recruited to an inflammatory site. 相似文献