Influence of cyanobacterial diet on Asplanchna predation risk in Brachionus calyciflorus

Asplanchna sylvestrii does not discriminate between groups of Brachionus calyciflorus fed either the cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae or a control diet of Euglena gracilis. We based our analysis on the observed probabilities of attack, capture and ingestion during encounters between predator and prey. While A. sylvestrii was very sensitive to brachionid size, we found no significant affects of prey diet on predatory behavior. Thus, cyanobacterial diet did not influence the short-term predation risk of B. calyciflorus exposed to an effective predator. On the other hand, matched cohorts of A. sylvestrii fed B. calyciflorus cultured on the cyanobacterium reproduced more slowly than those fed the same prey cultured on the control food. With prolonged sympatry, therefore, the long-term risk of Asplanchna predation may be reduced for Brachionus by the latter's consumption of cyanobacteria.     

Clearance rates of sessile rotifers: in vitro determinations

We measured laboratory clearance rates of 10 rotifer and one unidentified bryozoan species from 3 different lakes using ³²P labeled algae (Chlamydomonas) or yeast (Rhodotorula). Clearance rates for all rotifers fed yeast ranged from < 2.0 to > 260 µl · animal^–1 · h^–1 depending on species. The in vitro clearance rates of two sessile rotifers (Ptygura crystallina and P. pilula) were not significantly different from previously measured in situ rates (Wallace and Starkweather 1983). Clearance rates for 5 rotifers fed algae ranged from < 5.0 to > 90.0 µl · animal^–1 · h^–1. Ptygura beauchampi, P. crystallina, P. pilula, Floscularia conifera, and F. melicerta ingested both cell types but their clearance rates varied substantially among species and between cell types. There was a substantial time-dependent loss of 32P from formalin-fixed animals (Sinantherina socialis) awaiting processing. This loss stabilized at approximately 20 hours and was estimated to be about 40% of the initial ingested label. Clearance rates for the bryozoan fed yeast or algae were highly variable, ranging from < 1.0 to > 3 000 µl · animal^–1 · h^–1.     

Clearance rates of sessile rotifers: In situ determinations

Clearance rates of three sessile and four free-swimming rotifer species from a small acid bog-pond were measured using in situ techniques. Three radioactively labeled cell types, an alga (Chlamydomonas), a bacterium (Enterobacter = Aerobacter), and a yeast (Rhodotorula) were used as tracers. Clearance rates (using yeast) ranged from <1.0 to >250 µl · animal^?1 · h^?1 depending on species. Ptygura crystallina, Ptygura pilula, Floscularia conifera, and an unidentified bdelloid ingested all three foods with substantial variation in clearance rates among species and cell type. There was an insignificant error (<0.3%) in clearance rate associated with non-ingestive uptake of radioactivity. Among the free-swimming taxa, Lecane sp. had a clearance rate of <0.5 µl · animal^?1 · h^?1 on yeast, while another Lecane sp. and Trichotria tetractis did not ingest that cell type.     

我国微茎类吸虫研究:ⅩⅢ.微茎类吸虫成虫结构特征排序

对我国52种微茎类吸虫的18项成虫形态学特征进行主成分分析,结果表明:卵巢位置、子宫延伸位置等7项性状对第一主成分贡献较大,提示描述器官位置的指标是重要的分类依据。52个虫种在前三个主成分上的排序图显示应将其划分成4个亚科。     

我国微茎类吸虫的研究Ⅻ.类茎属及多黄属二新种报道：复殖目：微茎科

本文报道在湛江市附近海域海鸟体内获得的两种吸虫,经鉴定为新种,命名为巨口类茎吸虫,新种Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｈａｌｌｏｉｄｅｓ ｍａｃｒｏｓｔｏｎｒｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,珊瑚多黄吸虫,新种Ｍｕｌｔｉｖｉｔｅｌｌｕｓ ｃｏｒａｌｉｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

以化学纯饲料饲养北京的桃蚜

应用修改后的Dadd和Mitter(1966)全纯饲料配方配制成人工饲料饲养定居在北京温室烟草上的桃蚜 Myzus persicae可完成生活史井连续饲养3代。本文描述饲料配制、饲养和取食量测定的方法。这3代初羽化无翅孤雌胎生雌蚜的平均体重分别为:440±90.7μg,264±104.9μg和312±127.9μg。用放射性同位素稀释法测定取食量的结果得悉若虫期的总取食量每蚜约为1.74μg,相当于1.16μl。     

李肖叶甲成虫数量及三维空间格局动态

对合肥地区李肖叶甲成虫数量动态及三维空间格局进行研究,结果表明该成虫5月下旬初见,6月4日至7月16日为发生高峰期,9月上旬仍有零星虫口。6月4日至9月10日种群增长模型为y=1692.2258e-0.0545t,6月4日至8月27日树冠上部部位增长模型为y=205.60e-0.0523t,树冠西部部位的增长模型为y=257.13e-0.0505t。样地中的李肖叶甲5月21日至8月13日半变异函数方程是y=0.0709x3-10.479x2+391.67x-300.71、y=-0.0122x3+1.1201x2-19.781x+317.84、y=-0.0013x3+0.1613x2-4.4862x+67.363、y=-0.0016x3+0.9177x2-11.495x+551.94、y=-0.0029x3+0.3034x2-7.5906x+103.37和y=-0.0002x3+0.0172x2-0.4975x+13.691,变程在20.3938—65.0289之间,均为聚集格局,聚集强度指标表明也均为聚集格局;树冠东、西、南、北方位的水平分布5月21日至8月13日的C值均大于1,I值均大于0,CA值均大于0,Iw值均大于1,为聚集格局;树冠上、中、下方位的垂直分布6月4日至8月13日的C值均大于1,I值均大于0,CA值均大于0,Iw值均大于1,为聚集格局;5月21日至8月13日的树冠东、南、西、北、上、中、下部位的C值均大于1,I值均大于0,CA值均大于0,Iw值均大于1,三维分布均为聚集格局。用Iwao公式计算的结果与聚集强度指标分析的结果一致。6月4日—8月13日林间李肖叶甲的种群聚集均数λ值均大于2,聚集是李肖叶甲本身的行为所致。     

RCPs气候情景下珠江三角洲地区城市用地扩展的预测与模拟

随着社会经济的快速发展,中国城市规模和数量不断扩大,城市土地利用系统内部变化错综复杂.本研究以珠江三角洲地区城市群为例,研究了在自然环境条件和社会经济条件共同作用下城市化进程中城市用地动态变化的驱动机制,并设计了规划情景和RCPs气候情景,运用决策树元胞自动机模型对这几种情景下珠江三角洲地区城市用地的动态变化进行预测模拟.结果表明: 非农业人口和社会经济的增长对城市化过程起着决定性的推动作用,交通干线在整个城市化进程中始终起着重要的基础性作用,高程较高和坡度较大的区域制约了该地区的城市化进程.随着时间的推移,无论哪种情景,城市用地扩张的态势不变,但扩张速度到一定时间节点将会减缓,不同情景下减缓的时间点不同;规划情景、MESSAGE模式和AIM模式下的城市用地发展速度依次增加,但MESSAGE气候模式下的城镇发展较符合当前的城镇发展态势;城市用地扩张的区域主要集中在广州、东莞、佛山、珠海、深圳、湛江和潮汕等城市化相对较高的区域.
     

基因体外诱变的一种新方法

在PCR的过程中,采用5溴脱氧尿苷三磷酸（BrdUTP）部分取代脱氧胸苷三磷酸(dTTP)的方法,对克隆的野油菜黄单胞菌的α淀粉酶基因进行了体外诱变。结果表明,BrdUTP浓度越高,诱变越强;浓度越低,诱变越弱。当BrdUTP浓度为dTTP的0.1%时,可以得到最多的正诱变结果。用LBSP鉴别培养基初筛,然后用Yoo改良法测定酶活,仅一轮诱变就获得了其表达产物α-淀粉酶的酶活分别降低了5倍和提高了20倍的两个突变基因。再以后者为PCR模板进行第二轮诱变,从而筛选到了α-淀粉酶的酶活提高40倍的突变体。此诱变方法克服了用碱基类似物在体内诱变由于核酸复制酶等的校正作用而造成诱变无效的难题,并为基因的体外诱变找到了一条新途径。     

中华鳖对T3菌苗抗原的免疫应答

通过T3菌苗免疫中华鳖后的血清间接凝集抗体效价 (IAT)与免疫保护率 (PRP)的变化探讨了中华鳖的免疫应答规律。中华鳖对T3菌苗能产生较强的应答反应 ,免疫的二龄鳖PRP可达 82 6± 15 2 (19) % ,IAT达 1978 1± 716 4(19)。它对T3菌苗的免疫效应期为 3天 ,第 2 0天时免疫应答处于高峰 ,IAT与PRP分别为 176 8 0± 44 7 6 (4)与 91 7± 14 4(4) % ,持续 10天左右开始下降 ,到第 3个月左右基本上回复到免疫开始时水平。结论为 :中华鳖的免疫应答反应基本介于鱼类与鸟类之间 ,但较偏向于鸟类。