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1.
Virus protein changes and RNA termini alterations evolving during persistent infection 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Cloned infectious vesicular stomatitis virus isolated following 5 years of persistent infection of BHK21 cells in vitro exhibits a number of peptide map changes in the G protein (spike glycoprotein), the M protein (membrane matrix protein) and the N protein (nucleocapsid structural protein). Only slight alterations have occurred in the peptide maps of the two VSV polymerase-associated proteins L and NS. Dideoxy sequencing of the 3′ ends of the cloned virus originally used to establish the persistent infection, and of the cloned virus recovered following 5 years of persistence, shows one base substitution in the three base junction between the 3′ leader sequence and the N protein-coding region. Repeated lytic passages of virus recovered from persistent infection led to no oligonucleotide map changes after 30 passages, but two map changes were present after 102 and remained after 133 lytic passages in BHK21 cells in vitro. Only one of these represented reversion to the original map position, and this “mutant” virus still exhibited a temperature-sensitive small plaque phenotype. Finally, the mutated virus recovered after more than years of persistent infection is now so slow-growing that it can establish persistent infection of BHK21 cells in the absence of DI particles (although DI particles are present constantly once the cells recover from the initial cytopathology). 相似文献
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Summary The distribution of ice organisms was investigated in Fram Strait in May 1988 during the ARK V/1 expedition on RV Polarstern. Over a 3 week period the abundances of bacteria, diatoms, auto- and heterotrophic flagellates as well as various groups of meiofauna organisms were observed in the lowermost 30 cm of an ice floe. Data were obtained from three experimental fields under three different light regimes as a result of manipulations of the snow cover. The application of multivariate factor analysis on this time series data set resulted in the characterization of four succession stages of an Arctic sea ice community: 1) the diatom bottom assemblage, 2) the mixed autotrophic assemblage, 3) the mixed auto- and heterotrophic supra-bottom assemblage, and 4) the heterotrophic supra-bottom assemblage. The two most abundant meiofauna groups (Turbellaria, Ciliata) showed different preferences according to algal distribution. While turbellarians were most abundant in samples with mixed populations of diatoms and flagellates, ciliates reached their abundance maxima in samples dominated by diatoms, suggesting different prey selections. We have developed a model for the explanation of the spatial separation of auto- and heterotrophic organisms, highlighting the possible role of DOC production by ice algae and DOC transport with brine flow. 相似文献
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Analysis of adenovirus transforming proteins from early regions 1A and 1B with antisera to inducible fusion antigens produced in Escherichia coli. 总被引:57,自引:21,他引:36 下载免费PDF全文
Plasmid vectors were constructed which expressed three adenovirus tumor antigens fused to a portion of the trpE protein of Escherichia coli. Insertion of adenovirus type 2 DNA from early region 1A (E1A) into such a plasmid led to a fusion protein which contained the C-terminal 266 amino acids of the 289-amino acid protein encoded by the viral 13S mRNA. Similarly, insertion of adenovirus type 5 DNA corresponding to the E1B 55- and 21-kilodalton proteins led to production of fusion proteins containing amino acid sequences from these proteins. After induction with indoleacrylic acid, fusion proteins accumulated stably in the E. coli cells. By using a simple extraction of insoluble protein, 1 to 10 mg of fusion protein per liter of culture was obtained. The fusion proteins were purified on preparative polyacrylamide gels and used to immunize rabbits. Specific antisera for the E1A 289- and closely related 243-amino acid proteins and the E1B 55- and 21-kilodalton proteins were obtained. These sera were used to immunoprecipitate the tumor antigens in cells infected with wild-type and various mutants of adenovirus or to analyze them by an immunoblotting procedure. Mutant E1A proteins in which the C-terminal 70 amino acids are deleted were phosphorylated to much lower extents than the wild-type E1A proteins. This indicates that the deleted region is important for the process of phosphorylation. The E1A proteins were extracted, sedimented in glycerol gradients, analyzed by immunoprecipitation, and found to sediment primarily as monomers. 相似文献
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Distribution and abundance of the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in sea ice of the Weddell Sea (Antarctica) 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Summary Sea ice cores were obtained from eleven fast ice stations and one floe in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica in January–February 1985. All cores from the north eastern part of the Weddell Sea contained numerous living and dead planktic foraminifers of the species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg), while cores drilled in southern parts were barren of foraminifers with one exception. Foraminiferal abundances were variable, with numbers up to 320 individuals per liter melted sea ice. Distribution of foraminifers appears to be patchy, parallel cores taken less than 30 cm apart contained numbers which varied considerably. On the other hand, three cores taken on a transect each more than 3 km apart showed striking similarities. In general, small dead tests were found in the upper parts of the sea ice cores while large living individuals mainly occurred in lower sections. Abundant diatoms probably serve as a food source for the foraminifers. Correlation of foraminiferal abundance with salinity, chlorophyll and nutrient profiles are inconsistent. The possible mechanism of incorporation of N. pachyderma into the ice is discussed. 相似文献
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Paul Kuppert Siegrun Wilhelm Klaus-Dieter Spindler 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1978,128(2):95-100
Summary From in vitro experiments using different binding assays it is in crayfish demonstrated that the cytosol of target tissues is able to bind both ecdysone and ecdysterone. The ability to bind ecdysteroids is destroyed by heating and by treatment with -chymotrypsin and N-ethyl-maleinimide (NEM) (Figs. 4, 5). In target tissues there is a strong positive correlation between protein content and binding (Fig. 6). The association of the hormone-protein-complex is rapid, taking only a few min even at 5° C (Fig. 3). The binding of the two hormones to the cytosol is both specific and saturable. The association constants for the cytoplasmic receptors from hypodermis, hindgut and midgut gland are in the range of 3–6×107 M–1 for ecdysone and 5–7×108 M–1 for ecdysterone (Fig. 8). The data suggest the existence of cytoplasmic ecdysteroid receptors. 相似文献
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Alice Toso Simona Schifano Charlotte Oxborough Krista McGrath Luke Spindler Anabela Castro Lucy Evangelista Vanessa Filipe Maria José Gonçalves Antonio Marques Inês Mendes da Silva Raquel Santos Maria João Valente Iona McCleery Michelle Alexander 《American journal of physical anthropology》2021,176(2):208-222