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1.
Raju Nagaraju Apurva K. R. Joshi Sowmya G. Vamadeva Padmanabhan S. Rajini 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2020,34(8)
In our previous study, we demonstrated the potential of monocrotophos (MCP), an organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), to induce glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia with hyperinsulinemia in rats after chronic exposure. As hyperinsulinemia is likely to exert an impact on hepatic lipid metabolism, we carried out this study to establish the effect of chronic MCP exposure (0.9 and 1.8 mg/kg/day for 180 days) on hepatic lipid metabolism in rats. The state of IR induced by MCP in rats was associated with an increase in the liver lipid content (triglyceride and cholesterol) and expression levels of sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, PPARγ, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase in the liver. Similarly, activities of key enzymes (acetyl‐COA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, lipin 1, malic enzyme, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase), which regulate lipogenesis, were enhanced in livers of pesticide‐treated rats. A strong correlation was observed between insulin levels, hepatic lipid content, and plasma lipid profile in treated rats. Our study suggests that long‐term exposure to OPIs not only has a propensity to induce a state of hyperinsulinemic IR, but it is also associated with augmented hepatic lipogenesis, which may explain dyslipidemia induced by chronic exposure to MCP. 相似文献
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Karthick Marimuthu Kamalakannan Ayyanar Malathi Varagur Ganesan Paranidharan Vaikuntavasan Sivakumar Uthandi Kavino Mathiyazhagan Gowrisri Nagaraj 《Journal of Phytopathology》2020,168(3):144-155
Grapes downy mildew caused by obligate oomycete plant pathogen Plasmopara viticola is a devastating disease worldwide, resulting in significant yield and quality losses. A field survey was conducted in two major grapes cultivated areas of Tamil Nadu for the incidence of grapevine downy mildew. The disease incidence was 43.42%–76.69%, and the highest disease incidence of 76.69% was observed in the Theni district. Totally eight P. viticola isolates were collected from different places in Coimbatore and Theni districts. These isolates were confirmed through microscopic observation and sequencing of COX 2 gene, and the phylogenetic tree was developed to study their phylogenetic relationship among the isolates which shows 97–100% sequence similarity with other P. viticola isolates and less sequence similarity with Plasmopara species. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed based on the CesA4 gene sequence of P. viticola. The assay developed was more sensitive as it detected P. viticola genomic DNA up to 20 fmg. LAMP assay specificity was proved by carrying out the assay with genomic DNA extracted from other Oomycetes and fungal plant pathogens. Finally, LAMP assay was validated by testing seventy-eight grapevine leaf samples collected from seven different locations. LAMP assay showed a positive reaction in sixty-two samples tested out of seventy-eight samples tested. Therefore, the LAMP assay described should helpful for early and specific detection of downy mildew pathogen and help in mitigating disease incidence. 相似文献
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Divya Vishwanath Harini Srinivasan Manjunath S. Patil Sowmya Seetarama Sachin Kumar Agrawal M. N. Dixit Kakali Dhar 《Journal of cell communication and signaling》2013,7(2):129-140
Adipocytes play a vital role in glucose metabolism. 3T3 L1 pre adipocytes after differentiation to adipocytes serve as excellent in vitro models and are useful tools in understanding the glucose metabolism. The traditional approaches adopted in pre adipocyte differentiation are lengthy exercises involving the usage of IBMX and Dexamethasone. Any effort to shorten the time of differentiation and quality expression of functional differentiation in 3T3 L1 cells in terms of enhanced Insulin sensitivity has an advantage in the drug discovery process. Thus, there is a need to develop a new effective method of differentiating the pre adipocytes to adipocytes and to use such methods for developing efficacious therapeutic molecules. We observed that a combination of Dexamethasone and Troglitazone generated differentiated adipocytes over fewer days as compared to the combination of IBMX and Dexamethasone which constitutes the standard protocol followed in our laboratory. The experiments conducted to compare the quality of differentiation yielded by various differentiating agents indicated that the lipid droplet accumulation increased by 112 % and the GLUT4 mediated glucose uptake by 137 % in cells differentiated with Troglitazone and Dexamethasone than in cells differentiated traditionally. The comparative studies conducted for evaluating efficient measurable glucose uptake by GOPOD assay, radioactive 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose assay and by non-radioactive 6-NBDG (fluorescent analog of glucose) indicated that the non-radioactive method using 6-NBDG showed a higher signal to noise ratio than the conventional indirect glucose uptake method (GOPOD assay) and the radioactive 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake method. Differentiated 3T3 L1 cells when triggered with 2.5 ng/mL of Insulin showed 3.3 fold more glucose uptake in non-radioactive method over the radioactive 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake method. The results of this study have suggested that a combination of Dexamethasone and Troglitazone for 3T3 L1 cell differentiation helps in better quality differentiation over a short period of time with increased sensitivity to Insulin. The application of these findings for developing new methods of screening novel Insulin mimetics and for evaluating the immunological responses has been discussed. 相似文献
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Poonam Gautam Sudha C. Nair Kalidoss Ramamoorthy Cherukuvada V. Brahmendra Swamy Ramakrishnan Nagaraj 《PloS one》2013,8(8)
Analysis of any mammalian plasma proteome is a challenge, particularly by mass spectrometry, due to the presence of albumin and other abundant proteins which can mask the detection of low abundant proteins. As detection of human plasma proteins is valuable in diagnostics, exploring various workflows with minimal fractionation prior to mass spectral analysis, is required in order to study population diversity involving analysis in a large cohort of samples. Here, we used ‘reference plasma sample’, a pool of plasma from 10 healthy individuals from Indian population in the age group of 25–60 yrs including 5 males and 5 females. The 14 abundant proteins were immunodepleted from plasma and then evaluated by three different workflows for proteome analysis using a nanoflow reverse phase liquid chromatography system coupled to a LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer. The analysis of reference plasma sample a) without prefractionation, b) after prefractionation at peptide level by strong cation exchange chromatography and c) after prefractionation at protein level by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, led to the identification of 194, 251 and 342 proteins respectively. Together, a comprehensive dataset of 517 unique proteins was achieved from all the three workflows, including 271 proteins with high confidence identified by≥2 unique peptides in any of the workflows or identified by single peptide in any of the two workflows. A total of 70 proteins were common in all the three workflows. Some of the proteins were unique to our study and could be specific to Indian population. The high-confidence dataset obtained from our study may be useful for studying the population diversity, in discovery and validation process for biomarker identification. 相似文献
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L1-type genes form one of several distinct gene families that encode adhesive proteins, which are predominantly expressed in developing and mature metazoan nervous systems. These proteins have a multitude of different important cellular functions in neuronal and glial cells. L1-type gene products are transmembrane proteins with a characteristic extracellular domain structure consisting of six immunoglobulin and three to five fibronectin type III protein folds. As reported here, L1-type proteins can be identified in most metazoan phyla with the notable exception of Porifera (sponges). This puts the origin of L1-type genes at a point in time when primitive cellular neural networks emerged, approximately 1,200 to 1,500 million years ago. Subsequently, several independent gene duplication events generated multiple paralogous L1-type genes in some phyla, allowing for a considerable diversification of L1 structures and the emergence of new functional features and molecular interactions. One such evolutionary newer feature is the appearance of RGD integrin-binding motifs in some vertebrate L1 family members. 相似文献
9.
R. Nagaraj 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2013,31(4):639-640
Abstract Supercoiling causes global twist of DNA structure and the supercoiled state has wide influence on conformational transition. A statistical mechanical approach was made for prediction of the transition probability to non-B DNA structures under torsional stress. A conditional partition function was defined as the sum over all possible states of the DNA sequence with basepair 1 and basepair n being in B-form helix and a recurrence formula was developed which expressed the partition function for basepair n with those for less number of pairs. This new definition permits a quick enumeration of every configuration of secondary structures. Energetic parameters of all conformations concerned, involving B-form, interior loop, cruciform and Z-form, were included in the equation. The probability of transition to each non-B conformation could be derived from these conditional partition functions. For treatment of effects of superhelicity, supercoiling energy was considered, and a twist of each conformation was determined to minimize the supercoiling energy. As the twist itself affects the transition probability, the whole scheme of equations was solved by renormalization technique. The present method permits a simultaneous treatment of serveral types of conformations under a common torsional stress. A set of energetic parameters of DNA secondary structures has been chosen for calculation. Some DNA sequences were submitted to the calculation, and all the sequences that we submitted gave stable convergence. Some of them have been investigated the critical supercoil density for the transition to non-B DNA structures. Even though the reliability of the set of parameters was not enough, the prediction of secondary structure transition showed good agreement with reported observation. Hence, the present algorithm can estimate the probability of local conformational change of DNA under a given supercoil density, and also be employed to predict some specific sequences in which conformational change is sensitive to superhelicity. 相似文献
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