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1.
Diana Oliveri Simona Candiani Manuela Parodi Eva Bertini Mario Pestarino 《Polar Biology》2005,28(5):366-371
The immunohistochemical distribution of serotonin-containing nerve fibres and cells has been described in the brain of the Antarctic fish, Trematomus bernacchii. The largest serotonergic system was associated with the diencephalic and rhombencephalic ventricles. In particular, serotonin-positive cells have been found in the lateral recess and neuropile zone of the diencephalic ventricle, where we have identified the serotonergic portion of the paraventricular organ. Numerous serotonin cells were localized in the dorsal nucleus of the raphe, the dorsal tegmental nucleus and the central gray. Two large cell groups, arranged in a pair of well-defined columns and connecting the central gray with the dorsal reticular formation, were immunostained in the region of the trigeminal nuclei. In addition, few positive cells have been found in the preoptic area and the cerebellar valvula, and few serotonergic nerve fibres, probably belonging to the lateral lemniscus, have been identified. The distribution of serotonin elements in the brain of T. bernacchii has been compared with that described in other fish, where it showed some modifications in the immunoreactive pattern. Finally, the lack of a serotonergic system at the level of the reticular superior formation has been reported; however, it was not possible to rule out a phylogenetic or environmental explanation. 相似文献
2.
C-terminal peptide identification by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
A previously described technique [Rose, Simona, Offord, Prior, Otto & Thatcher (1983) Biochem. J. 215, 273-277] permits the identification of the C-terminal peptide of a protein as the only peptide that does not incorporate any 18O upon partial enzymic hydrolysis in 18O-labelled water. Formation of chemical derivatives followed by combined g.l.c.-m.s. was used in this earlier work. We now describe the isolation from protein digests, by reversed-phase h.p.l.c., of labelled and unlabelled polypeptides and their direct analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Under the conditions used, the 18O label is retained throughout the separation and analysis, thus permitting assignments of C-terminal peptides to be made. Enzyme-catalysed exchange of label into the terminal carboxy group was found to occur in some cases without hydrolysis of a peptide bond. This effect, which may be exploited to prepare labelled peptides, does not prevent application of the method (two separate digests must then be used). We have applied our method to the analysis of enzymic partial hydrolysates of glucagon, insulin and of several proteins produced by expression of recombinant DNA. 相似文献
3.
The bioconversion of steroid alkaloid tomatine by Nocardia restricta yields the conjugate with lactic acid. We studied the bioconversion of some steroid glycosides without a nitrogen atom in the molecule to determine the effect of the nitrogen atom. The glycosides were of three different types: sterol glycosides, bufadienolide rhamnoside and steroid saponine. The results of bioconversions showed that Nocardia restricta converts steroid glycosides differently according to the sugar bound to the steroid aglycone. It can be concluded that in the absence of a nitrogen atom in the steroid molecule no conjugation with lactic acid by Nocardia restricta occurs. 相似文献
4.
Analysis of standing up and sitting down in humans: definitions and normative data presentation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A formal definition of human standing up and sitting down movements based on sagittal plane goniometric and force plate data from 20 normal subjects is presented. This definition is comparable to the established gait cycle diagram, and consists of defined characteristic events and relative time intervals between them. The characteristic events are selected primarily on changes in ground reaction forces. The terminology proposed may be valuable for introducing more formalized and standardized reporting of both qualitative and quantitative studies in both normals and in patients. This presentation is directed toward the process of defining generally acceptable standards for human standing up and sitting down movements. 相似文献
5.
Multiple attractors,catastrophes and chaos in seasonally perturbed predator-prey communities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A classical predator-prey model is considered in this paper with reference to the case of periodically varying parameters.
Six elementary seasonality mechanisms are identified and analysed in detail by means of a continuation technique producing
complete bifurcation diagrams. The results show that each elementary mechanism can give rise to multiple attractors and that
catastrophic transitions can occur when suitable parameters are slightly changed. Moreover, the two classical routes to chaos,
namely, torus destruction and cascade of period doublings, are numerically detected. Since in the case of constant parameters
the model cannot have multiple attractors, catastrophes and chaos, the results support the conjecture that seasons can very
easily give rise to complex populations dynamics. 相似文献
6.
Urs Thalmann Thomas Geissmann Arsène Simona Thomas Mutschler 《International journal of primatology》1993,14(3):357-381
During a short field trip to the Special Reserve of Anjanaharibe-Sud in northeastern Madagascar, data concerning pelage coloration, behavior (especially vocalization), and ecology of indris were collected. Anjanaharibe-Sud is the northernmost locality of indri distribution. In comparison to the better-known indris from the southern part of their distribution, the indris in this region show different pelage coloration. Several types of loud vocalizations are analyzed, based on a small sample of tape recordings. Their song structure is more complicated than previously reported, containing distinct sequences of duetting. Data on behavior and ecology were collected by interviewing guides and local inhabitants. Some information contrasts with reports on the more southern indri populations. The conservation status of indris in Anjanaharibe-Sud and the future of the reserve are outlined. 相似文献
7.
Othman Al Musaimi Sophie V. Morse Lucia Lombardi Simona Serban Alessandra Basso Daryl R. Williams 《Journal of peptide science》2023,29(2):e3448
Successful manual synthesis of the TD2.2 peptide acting as a blood–brain barrier shuttle was achieved. TD2.2 was successfully synthesised by sequential condensation of four protected peptide fragments on solid-phase settings, after several unsuccessful attempts using the stepwise approach. These fragments were chosen to minimise the number of demanding amino acids (in terms of coupling, Fmoc removal) in each fragment that are expected to hamper the overall synthetic process. Thus, the hydrophobic amino acids as well as Arg(Pbf) were strategically spread over multiple fragments rather than having them congested in one fragment. This study shows how a peptide that shows big challenges in the synthesis using the common stepwise elongation methodology can be synthesised with an acceptable purity. It also emphasises that choosing the right fragment with certain amino acid constituents is key for a successful synthesis. It is worth highlighting that lower amounts of reagents were required to synthesise the final peptide with an identical purity to that obtained by the automatic synthesiser. 相似文献
8.
Simona Picardi Briana Abrahms Emily Gelzer Thomas A. Morrison Tana Verzuh Jerod A. Merkle 《Ecology letters》2023,26(1):157-169
Site fidelity—the tendency to return to previously visited locations—is widespread across taxa. Returns may be driven by several mechanisms, including memory, habitat selection, or chance; however, pattern-based definitions group different generating mechanisms under the same label of ‘site fidelity’, often assuming memory as the main driver. We propose an operational definition of site fidelity as patterns of return that deviate from a null expectation derived from a memory-free movement model. First, using agent-based simulations, we show that without memory, intrinsic movement characteristics and extrinsic landscape characteristics are key determinants of return patterns and that even random movements may generate substantial probabilities of return. Second, we illustrate how to implement our framework empirically to establish ecologically meaningful, system-specific null expectations for site fidelity. Our approach provides a conceptual and operational framework to test hypotheses on site fidelity across systems and scales. 相似文献
9.
Detlef Michel Hans Hartings Simona Lanzini Manuela Michel Mario Motto Giorgia Romina Riboldi Francesco Salamini Hans-Peter Döring 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1995,248(3):287-292
Eight independently isolated unstable alleles of theOpaque2 (O2) locus were analysed genetically and at the DNA level. The whole series of mutations was isolated from a maize strain carrying a wild-typeO2 allele and the transposable elementActivator (Ac) at thewx-m7 allele. Previous work with another unstable allele of the same series has shown that it was indeed caused by the insertion of anAc element. Unexpectedly, the remaining eight mutations were not caused by the designatedAc element, but by other insertions that are structurally similar or identical to one of two different autonomous transposable elements. Six mutations were caused by the insertion of a transposable element of theEnhancer/Suppressor-Mutator (En/Spm) family. Two mutations were the result of the insertion of a transposable element of theBergamo (Bg) family. Genetic tests carried out with plants carrying the unstable mutations demonstrated that all were caused by the insertion of an autonomous transposable element. 相似文献
10.
K Rose M G Simona L A Savoy P O Regamey B N Green G M Clore A M Gronenborn P T Wingfield 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1992,267(27):19101-19106
Ner protein of bacteriophage Mu, produced by recombinant DNA techniques in Escherichia coli, has been found to possess a molecule of pyruvic acid attached covalently through carbon-2 to the amino-terminal cysteine residue. The intact protein and the amino-terminal chymotryptic peptide were found by mass spectrometry to be 70 mass units heavier than expected. The modified peptide was unstable under mildly acid or mildly basic conditions. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the modified and unmodified forms of the amino-terminal chymotryptic peptide was consistent with the presence of pyruvate linked through carbon-2 to the amino-terminal Cys residue. Treatment of the modified form with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in acid medium led to the expected hydrazone of pyruvic acid, which was identified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Of the two proteins known to be modified by pyruvate through its central carbon (the other being human adult hemoglobin, in which the modified form represents only a very minor fraction), Ner is the first protein found to be modified quantitatively. Given the instability of the modification, it may be more prevalent than recognized hitherto. Incubation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine may offer a useful means of detecting the presence of pyruvate linked to proteins in this way. 相似文献