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Coordinated Activation of Programmed Cell Death and Defense Mechanisms in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing a Bacterial Proton Pump 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:17
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In plants, programmed cell death is thought to be activated during the hypersensitive response to certain avirulent pathogens and in the course of several differentiation processes. We describe a transgenic model system that mimics the activation of programmed cell death in higher plants. In this system, expression of a bacterial proton pump in transgenic tobacco plants activates a cell death pathway that may be similar to that triggered by recognition of an incompatible pathogen. Thus, spontaneous lesions that resemble hypersensitive response lesions are formed, multiple defense mechanisms are apparently activated, and systemic resistance is induced in the absence of a pathogen. Interestingly, mutation of a single amino acid in the putative channel of this proton pump renders it inactive with respect to lesion formation and induction of resistance to pathogen challenge. This transgenic model system may provide insights into the mechanisms involved in mediating cell death in higher plants. In addition, it may also be used as a general agronomic tool to enhance disease protection. 相似文献
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ROS signaling: the new wave? 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Mittler R Vanderauwera S Suzuki N Miller G Tognetti VB Vandepoele K Gollery M Shulaev V Van Breusegem F 《Trends in plant science》2011,16(6):300-309
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a multitude of signaling roles in different organisms from bacteria to mammalian cells. They were initially thought to be toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism, but have now been acknowledged as central players in the complex signaling network of cells. In this review, we will attempt to address several key questions related to the use of ROS as signaling molecules in cells, including the dynamics and specificity of ROS signaling, networking of ROS with other signaling pathways, ROS signaling within and across different cells, ROS waves and the evolution of the ROS gene network. 相似文献
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Multiple models for Rosaceae genomics 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Shulaev V Korban SS Sosinski B Abbott AG Aldwinckle HS Folta KM Iezzoni A Main D Arús P Dandekar AM Lewers K Brown SK Davis TM Gardiner SE Potter D Veilleux RE 《Plant physiology》2008,147(3):985-1003
The plant family Rosaceae consists of over 100 genera and 3,000 species that include many important fruit, nut, ornamental, and wood crops. Members of this family provide high-value nutritional foods and contribute desirable aesthetic and industrial products. Most rosaceous crops have been enhanced by human intervention through sexual hybridization, asexual propagation, and genetic improvement since ancient times, 4,000 to 5,000 B.C. Modern breeding programs have contributed to the selection and release of numerous cultivars having significant economic impact on the U.S. and world markets. In recent years, the Rosaceae community, both in the United States and internationally, has benefited from newfound organization and collaboration that have hastened progress in developing genetic and genomic resources for representative crops such as apple (Malus spp.), peach (Prunus spp.), and strawberry (Fragaria spp.). These resources, including expressed sequence tags, bacterial artificial chromosome libraries, physical and genetic maps, and molecular markers, combined with genetic transformation protocols and bioinformatics tools, have rendered various rosaceous crops highly amenable to comparative and functional genomics studies. This report serves as a synopsis of the resources and initiatives of the Rosaceae community, recent developments in Rosaceae genomics, and plans to apply newly accumulated knowledge and resources toward breeding and crop improvement. 相似文献
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Characteristics and transferability of new apple EST-derived SSRs to other Rosaceae species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ksenija Gasic Yuepeng Han Sunee Kertbundit Vladimir Shulaev Amy F. Iezzoni Ed W. Stover Richard L. Bell Michael E. Wisniewski Schuyler S. Korban 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(3):397-411
Genic microsatellites or simple sequence repeat markers derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs), referred to as EST–SSRs,
are inexpensive to develop, represent transcribed genes, and often have assigned putative function. The large apple (Malus × domestica) EST database (over 300,000 sequences) provides a valuable resource for developing well-characterized DNA molecular markers.
In this study, we have investigated the level of transferability of 68 apple EST–SSRs in 50 individual members of the Rosaceae
family, representing three genera and 14 species. These representatives included pear (Pyrus communis), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), European plum (P. domestica), Japanese plum (P. salicina), almond (P. dulcis), peach (P. persica), sour cherry (P. cerasus), sweet cherry (P. avium), strawberry (Fragaria vesca, F. moschata, F. virginiana, F. nipponica, and F. pentaphylla), and rose (Rosa hybrida). All 68 primer pairs gave an amplification product when tested on eight apple cultivars, and for most, the genomic DNA-derived
amplification product matched the expected size based on EST (in silico) data. When tested across members of the Rosaceae, 75% of these primer pairs produced amplification products. Transferability
of apple EST–SSRs across the Rosaceae ranged from 25% in apricot to 59% in the closely related pear. Besides pear, the highest
transferability of these apple EST–SSRs, at the genus level, was observed for strawberry and peach/almond, 49 and 38%, respectively.
Three markers amplified in at least one genotype within all tested species, while eight additional markers amplified in all
species, except for cherry. These 11 markers are deemed good candidates for a widely transferable Rosaceae marker set provided
their level of polymorphism is adequate. Overall, these findings suggest that transferability of apple EST–SSRs across Rosaceae
is varied, yet valuable, thereby providing additional markers for comparative mapping and for carrying out evolutionary studies. 相似文献
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J. J. Ruiz-Rojas D. J. Sargent V. Shulaev A. W. Dickerman J. Pattison S. H. Holt A. Ciordia Richard E. Veilleux 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,121(3):449-463
As part of a program to develop forward and reverse genetics platforms in the diploid strawberry [Fragaria vesca L.; (2n = 2x = 14)] we have generated insertional mutant lines by T-DNA mutagenesis using pCAMBIA vectors. To characterize the T-DNA insertion
sites of a population of 108 unique single copy mutants, we utilized thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (hiTAIL-PCR) to amplify
the flanking region surrounding either the left or right border of the T-DNA. Bioinformatics analysis of flanking sequences
revealed little preference for insertion site with regard to G/C content; left borders tended to retain more of the plasmid
backbone than right borders. Primers were developed from F. vesca flanking sequences to attempt to amplify products from both parents of the reference F. vesca 815 × F. bucharica 601 mapping population. Polymorphism occurred as: presence/absence of an amplification product for 16 primer pairs and different
size products for 12 primer pairs, For 46 mutants, where polymorphism was not found by PCR, the amplification products were
sequenced to reveal SNP polymorphism. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence/derived cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence
(CAPS/dCAPS) strategy was then applied to find restriction endonuclease recognition sites in one of the parental lines to
map the SNP position of 74 of the T-DNA insertion lines. BLAST search of flanking regions against GenBank revealed that 46
of 108 flanking sequences were close to presumed strawberry genes related to annotated genes from other plants. 相似文献
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Jerzy?NowakEmail author Vladimir?Shulaev 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2003,39(2):107-124
Summary Production of high-quality, vigorous tissue-culture-derived propagules requiles efficient ways for the enhancement of their
post-transplanting ability for water management, photosynthesis, and resistance to diseases. Certain molecules, environmental
factors, microorganisms, or their parts, can pre-sensitize cellular metabolism of plants, so upon exposure to stress these
pre-sensitized, or ‘primed’, plants are able to respond quicker, and to a higher degree than nonprimed, and thus cope better
with the challenge. In this review we propose the adoption of the term ‘priming’ for tissue culture propagation and outline
the approaches to in vitro propagule priming, based on the changes to the growth enviroment (chemical, physical, and biological) prior to and/or upon
transplanting. Major emphasis has been placed on in vitro and ex vitro biopriming (priming with beneficial microorganisms). 相似文献
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Patrick J. Horn Jillian E. Silva Danielle Anderson Johannes Fuchs Ljudmilla Borisjuk Tara J. Nazarenus Vladimir Shulaev Edgar B. Cahoon Kent D. Chapman 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2013,76(1):138-150
Engineering compositional changes in oilseeds is typically accomplished by introducing new enzymatic step(s) and/or by blocking or enhancing an existing enzymatic step(s) in a seed‐specific manner. However, in practice, the amounts of lipid species that accumulate in seeds are often different from what one would predict from enzyme expression levels, and these incongruences may be rooted in an incomplete understanding of the regulation of seed lipid metabolism at the cellular/tissue level. Here we show by mass spectrometry imaging approaches that triacylglycerols and their phospholipid precursors are distributed differently within cotyledons and the hypocotyl/radicle axis in embryos of the oilseed crop Camelina sativa, indicating tissue‐specific heterogeneity in triacylglycerol metabolism. Phosphatidylcholines and triacylglycerols enriched in linoleic acid (C18:2) were preferentially localized to the axis tissues, whereas lipid classes enriched in gadoleic acid (C20:1) were preferentially localized to the cotyledons. Manipulation of seed lipid compositions by heterologous over‐expression of an acyl–acyl carrier protein thioesterase, or by suppression of fatty acid desaturases and elongases, resulted in new overall seed storage lipid compositions with altered patterns of distribution of phospholipid and triacylglycerol in transgenic embryos. Our results reveal previously unknown differences in acyl lipid distribution in Camelina embryos, and suggest that this spatial heterogeneity may or may not be able to be changed effectively in transgenic seeds depending upon the targeted enzyme(s)/pathway(s). Further, these studies point to the importance of resolving the location of metabolites in addition to their quantities within plant tissues. 相似文献