草鱼染色体的包装（间期—中期）

以草鱼ＺＣ７９０１细胞株为材料,观察鱼类细胞从间期染色质到中期染色体的包装过程。主要通过（１）分裂期与间期细胞融合,诱导染色体早熟凝集;（２）染色体“伸长”处理;（３）培养细胞的低渗处理;（４）染色质辅展等方法,制作染色体标本,进行扫描和透射电镜观察。观察表明,鱼类染色质的基本结构与哺乳类细胞相同,也是直径约１０ｎｍ的核丝。染色体的色装有两种形式：一种是多级螺旋化形成直径约３００ｎｍ的染色单体,     

EST analysis of gene expression in the tentacle of Cyanea capillata

Jellyfish, Cyanea capillata, has an important position in head patterning and ion channel evolution, in addition to containing a rich source of toxins. In the present study, 2153 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the tentacle cDNA library of C. capillata were analyzed. The initial ESTs consisted of 198 clusters and 818 singletons, which revealed approximately 1016 unique genes in the data set. Among these sequences, we identified several genes related to head and foot patterning, voltage-dependent anion channel gene and genes related to biological activities of venom. Five kinds of proteinase inhibitor genes were found in jellyfish for the first time, and some of them were highly expressed with unknown functions.     

Acetylation-dependent regulation of mitochondrial ALDH2 activation by SIRT3 mediates acute ethanol-induced eNOS activation

Moderate alcohol consumption has beneficial effects on endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, which can engender an array of anti-atherogenic actions. Here we show that in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), rapid activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) mediates ethanol-induced eNOS activation by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Furthermore, activation of ALDH2 by ethanol is due to its hyperacetylation by SIRT3 inactivation. These data suggest that ethanol-induced eNOS activation in HAECs may be dependent on ALDH2 hyperacetylation by SIRT3 inactivation.     

Effects of conformationally restricted synthetic retinoids on ovarian tumor cell growth

We have used conformationally restricted retinoids to investigate the role of individual RAR subtypes and RXR in mediating the growth response of ovarian tumor cells to retinoids. Our results show that treatment of all-trans-RA-sensitive CAOV-3 cells with retinoids that bind and activate a single RAR or RXR led to a partial inhibition of growth. Treatment of all-trans-RA- resistant SKOV-3 cells did not alter growth. Maximum inhibition of growth, comparable to that observed following treatment with natural retinoids such as all-trans-RA and 9-cis-RA, was obtained only following treatment with a combination of an RAR-selective compound and an RXR-selective one. These results suggest that activation of both RAR and RXR classes is required in order to obtain maximum inhibition of ovarian tumor cell growth by retinoids. In addition, one compound, AHPN, was found to inhibit both RA-sensitive CAOV-3 and RA-resistant SKOV-3 cells. Further study of the effects of this retinoid showed that AHPN acts through an apoptotic pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that retinoids may serve as effective anti-proliferative agents in the treatment of ovarian cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:378–388, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

人参皂甙Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨人参皂甙Rg1对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响及其意义。方法分别给大鼠腹腔注射人参皂甙Rg1 10、20、40 mg/kg,采用大脑中动脉闭塞方法建立脑缺血再灌注模型,观察大鼠脑缺血再灌注后不同时间段（2 h、24 h）神经功能缺损评分;应用免疫组化法检测脑组织缺血再灌注24h后Bcl-2、Bax的表达。结果人参皂甙Rg1组大鼠脑缺血后各时间点神经功能缺损评分显著低于单纯缺血再灌注组（P〈0.05）;与单纯缺血再灌注组相比,人参皂甙Rg1各组Bcl-2表达显著增高,Bax表达显著降低,Bcl-2/Bax比值显著上调（P〈0.05）。结论人参皂甙Rg1防治大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制可能与促进脑组织Bcl-2表达、抑制Bax表达有关,且以高剂量效果较好。     

Antitumor activity of an adenovirus harboring human IL-24 in colon cancer

Data have increasingly shown that melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (Mda-7/IL-24) has growth suppression activity and can induce apoptosis in many tumor cells, but to our knowledge there have been few studies about its role in colon cancer. We examined its anti-cancer effect on colon cancer. We constructed a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus carrying human melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (Ad-IL-24) and examined its apoptosis-inducing efficacy on the colon cancer HT-29 cell line and on an oxaliplatin-resistant cell line HT-29/oxa, using a combination of flow cytometry, growth suppressive activity by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and xenografts. Furthermore, we tested the suppression activity of Mda-7/IL-24 on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD), as well as the inductive effect on expression of the growth arrest and DNA damage gene (GADD) in xenograft tumors by immunohistochemistry. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 can inhibit the growth of colon cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis in about (5.6 ± 0.3)% of HT-29 cells (P < 0.05). Xenograft growth was retarded in vivo in mice treated with melanoma differentiation associated gene-7, but the tumor proliferation rate for this group was not significantly different in comparison to controls (P > 0.05). Furthermore, melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 induced expression of a growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD) gene and reduced the expression of both VEGF and MVD in xenograft tumors. This study supports a potential therapeutic effect for melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 on colon cancer.     

Quantitative proteomic analyses reveal that RBBI3.3, a trypsin inhibitor protein,plays an important role in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnaporthe oryzae</Emphasis> infection in rice

Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) is the causative agent of rice blast, the most destructive rice disease in China. This study was designed to ascertain the molecular mechanisms of the response of rice to M. oryzae infection to facilitate the breeding of new high-quality and disease-resistant rice varieties using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) combined with a high-throughput mass spectrometry identification platform. M. oryzae infection models were constructed with the resistant rice cultivar Gumei2 and the non-resistant cultivar Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH). The results showed that total of 1541 proteins were identified, among which 843 proteins were overlapping between the two biological replicates analyses. Seventy-one proteins were classified as fungi-responsive. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed the important roles of these proteins in metabolic processes. Detailed phenotypic analyses revealed that the trypsin inhibitor RBBI3.3 was effective in inhibiting the initial formation of appressoria. Our quantitative proteomic study provides insights into the molecular mechanism underlying M. oryzae resistance in the incompatible rice Gumei2. The identification of RBBI3.3 as a key defense regulator highlights a new possibility for disease control.     

Expression and characterization of human transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (hTRPM3)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation-selective channels are an emerging class of proteins that are involved in a variety of important biological functions including pain transduction, thermosensation, mechanoregulation, and vasorelaxation. Utilizing a bioinformatics approach, we have identified the full-length human TRPM3 (hTRPM3) as a member of the TRP family. The hTRPM3 gene is comprised of 24 exons and maps to human chromosome 9q-21.12. hTRPM3 is composed of 1555 amino acids and possesses the characteristic six-transmembrane domain of the TRP family. hTRPM3 is expressed primarily in kidney and, at lesser levels, in brain, testis, and spinal cord as demonstrated by quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blotting. In situ hybridization in human kidney demonstrated that hTRPM3 mRNA expression is predominantly found in the collecting tubular epithelium. Heterologous expression of hTRPM3 in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) showed that hTRPM3 is localized to the cell membrane. hTRPM3-expressing cells exhibited Ca2+ concentration-dependent Ca2+ entry. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by lowering extracellular Ca2+ concentration and treatment with the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin or the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol further augmented hTRPM3-mediated Ca2+ entry. The nonselective Ca2+ channel blocker, lanthanide gadolinium (Gd3+), partially inhibited hTRPM3-mediated Ca2+ entry. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hTRPM3 mediates a Ca2+ entry pathway that apparently is distinct from the endogenous Ca2+ entry pathways present in HEK 293 cells.     

病毒诱导草鱼产生干扰素活性因子的研究

采用细胞病变抑制法测定了病毒诱导前后草鱼外周血中干扰素的活性变化。结果表明,经病毒诱导的草鱼血清中出现明显的干扰素抗毒活性,２５℃水温下诱导３天,其活性达到高峰,在草鱼细胞中的效价可达１１．０８±０．５８以上。