三峡库区消落带植被NPP估算——基于机器学习优化CASA模型

三峡库区蓄水后,其生态效应受到广泛关注。消落带植被固碳量作为衡量库区生态系统健康状态的重要指标,对库区碳循环与生态净化具有重要意义。针对消落带不同高程植被接受光照的时间有所差异,且受河流水位变化影响,传统的CASA模型在计算消落带植被固碳量时,存在对植物的光能利用率计算不够精确等问题。以三峡库区香溪河陡坡消落带为研究区域,提出了一种耦合RBFNN模型（Radial Basis Function Neural Network）与CASA模型（Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach）的新方法（RBF-CASA）。基于RBFNN建立环境影响因子模型,借助高程数据及植被指数等特征计算适合消落带区域的环境影响因子。结合CASA模型中温度和水分胁迫因子,提高植被在像元尺度上的净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity,NPP）的估算精度,并对反演结果进行验证。模型验证结果显示：RBF-CASA模型估算值与观测值的决定系数（Coefficient of determination, R²）为0.730（P<0.01, n=32）。对比原始CASA模型,平均绝对误差（Mean absolute error, MAE）降低10.991,均方根误差（Root mean square error, RMSE）降低了23.861,相对均方根误差（Relative root mean square error, RRMSE）降低5.10%,平均绝对百分误差（Mean absolute percentage error, MAPE）降低1.12%。使用提出的RBF-CASA模型在库区水位落干期（7-8月份）进行固碳量估算,结果表明：NPP月均值在66.234-134.144g C/m²之间,NPP随着高程的增加呈现起伏变化,其总量在150-155m之间达到峰值,均值在170m以上区域最高。在2021年9月植被NPP均值为35.883g C/m²,2022年9月植被NPP均值为25.964g C/m²,由于降雨量减少、长江水位下降,在2021-2022年间植被恢复情况较差。研究结果可为库区碳循环、生态净化及生态修复等决策提供科学依据。     

AM真菌在植物病虫害生物防治中的作用机制

丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizae,AM)真菌是一类广泛分布于土壤生态系统中的有益微生物,能与大约80%的陆生高等植物形成共生体。由土传病原物侵染引起的土传病害被植物病理学界认定为最难防治的病害之一。研究表明,AM真菌能够拮抗由真菌、线虫、细菌等病原体引起的土传性植物病害,诱导宿主植物增强对病虫害的耐/抗病性。当前,利用AM真菌开展病虫害的生物防治已经引起生态学家和植物病理学家的广泛关注。基于此,围绕AM真菌在植物病虫害生物防治中的最新研究进展,从AM真菌改变植物根系形态结构、调节次生代谢产物的合成、改善植物根际微环境、与病原微生物直接竞争入侵位点和营养分配、诱导植株体内抗病防御体系的形成等角度,探究AM真菌在植物病虫害防治中的作用机理,以期为利用AM真菌开展植物病虫害的生物防治提供理论依据,并对本领域未来的发展方向和应用前景进行展望。     

大气颗粒物污染对土地覆盖变化的响应

土地利用-覆盖变化(LUCC)直接或间接影响颗粒物污染。了解颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应,对维护和改善生态环境具有重要的意义。基于卫星遥感技术,从广域的空间尺度分析颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应。使用MODIS数据分别提取与颗粒物污染相关性较高的城市用地、林地等土地利用类型,确定土地利用类型的变化趋势,利用长时间序列MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD,Aerosol optical depth)产品分析颗粒物污染与土地利用类型的变化的相关性。以山东省青岛市、淄博市、济南市3个典型城市为例,研究了AOD随土地利用类型的变化趋势。同时,考虑并分析了颗粒物污染对土地利用变化响应的敏感性,以及城市区域变化对环境的影响。研究结果表明,不同的城市类型,由于决定环境变化主导因素的差异,颗粒物污染对LUCC的响应具有明显的差异。青岛市地区,由于受海洋影响显著,大气颗粒物污染与LUCC的相关性较低,如中度污染天气与林地的相关系数为-0.451;而淄博市和济南市的相关系数分别为-0.473、-0.507。     

生物电化学系统对运动发酵单胞菌代谢的影响北大核心CSCD

生物电化学系统能促进微生物与电极间的相互作用,从而改变微生物的代谢状态。本工作为研究运动发酵单胞菌(Zymomonas mobilis)在电环境中的代谢表现,在外接3V电源的H型电化学发酵装置中测试了其发酵效能。结果表明,相比于无电压的对照,阳极甘油产量上升24%,阴极葡萄糖消耗上升16%,产物乙醇和琥珀酸的产量也分别上升13%和8%。转录组分析表明,代谢物的显著改变归因于电环境导致的有机酸代谢、氧化还原平衡、电子传递等通路的改变。从表达差异显著的基因中挑选了代表胞内氧化还原平衡、生物膜形成和电子传递的3个基因ZMO1060(编码超氧化物歧化酶)、ZMO0401(编码二鸟苷酸磷酸二酯酶)和ZMO1819(编码固氮蛋白)进行验证,结果表明过表达ZMO1060和ZMO1819能够更显著地改变生物电化学系统中Z.mobilis的代谢。本工作为应用生物电化学系统调控微生物代谢物生产提供了参考。     

miR‐495 sensitizes MDR cancer cells to the combination of doxorubicin and taxol by inhibiting MDR1 expression

MDR1 is highly expressed in MDR A2780DX5 ovarian cancer cells, MDR SGC7901R gastric cancer cells and recurrent tumours. It pumps cytoplasmic agents out of cells, leading to decreased drug accumulation in cells and making cancer cells susceptible to multidrug resistance. Here, we identified that miR‐495 was predicted to target ABCB1, which encodes protein MDR1. To reduce the drug efflux and reverse MDR in cancer cells, we overexpressed a miR‐495 mimic in SGC7901R and A2780DX cells and in transplanted MDR ovarian tumours in vivo. The results indicated that the expression of MDR1 in the above cells or tumours was suppressed and that subsequently the drug accumulation in the MDR cells was decreased, cell death was increased, and tumour growth was inhibited after treatment with taxol‐doxorubicin, demonstrating increased drug sensitivity. This study suggests that pre‐treatment with miR‐495 before chemotherapy could improve the curative effect on MDR1‐based MDR cancer.     

Characterization and acceleration of genome shuffling and ploidy reduction in synthetic allopolyploids by genome sequencing and editing

Polyploidy and the subsequent ploidy reduction and genome shuffling are the major driving forces of genome evolution. Here, we revealed short-term allopolyploid genome evolution by sequencing a synthetic intergeneric hybrid (Raphanobrassica, RRCC). In this allotetraploid, the genome deletion was quick, while rearrangement was slow. The core and high-frequency genes tended to be retained while the specific and low-frequency genes tended to be deleted in the hybrid. The large-fragment deletions were enriched in the heterochromatin region and probably derived from chromosome breaks. The intergeneric translocations were primarily of short fragments dependent on homoeology, indicating a gene conversion origin. To accelerate genome shuffling, we developed an efficient genome editing platform for Raphanobrassica. By editing Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group M (FANCM) genes, homoeologous recombination, chromosome deletion and secondary meiosis with additional ploidy reduction were accelerated. FANCM was shown to be a checkpoint of meiosis and controller of ploidy stability. By simultaneously editing FLIP genes, gene conversion was precisely introduced, and mosaic genes were produced around the target site. This intergeneric hybrid and genome editing platform not only provides models that facilitate experimental evolution research by speeding up genome shuffling and conversion but also accelerates plant breeding by enhancing intergeneric genetic exchange and creating new genes.     

转录因子在植物干旱应激中的功能研究进展

转录因子是一种多功能蛋白,在感知应激信号、应答相应应激基因表达及传导应激信号中起着关键作用。干旱是影响植物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫之一。为了适应干旱环境,植物发展了复杂的分子机制,其中转录因子可同时控制多种途径调控干旱应激,是操纵调控和应激响应途径的有力工具。近年来,越来越多的植物转录因子的功能被阐明,了解转录因子在干旱应激的功能,对植物的工程抗旱有重要的实践意义。综述转录因子在植物干旱应激中的功能研究进展,以期为今后转录因子的研究和利用提供理论依据,培育具有较强抗旱能力的植物。     

小麦TaWRKYⅢ-A37和TaWRKYⅡc-D2基因的克隆与表达分析

为了探究小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)WRKY基因的功能,采用同源克隆的方法,从小麦品种‘科农199’中克隆得到2个WRKY基因,分别命名为TaWRKYⅢ-A37和TaWRKYⅡc-D2,并对其进行生物信息学分析和不同逆境胁迫下的表达分析。生物信息学分析显示,TaWRKYⅢ-A37和TaWRKYⅡc-D2基因都含有2个内含子和3个外显子,分别编码206和138个氨基酸,编码蛋白都属于亲水性不稳定非分泌型的核蛋白。系统进化分析表明,TaWRKYⅢ-A37蛋白与其两个同源拷贝的亲缘关系最近,而TaWRKYⅡc-D2蛋白与粗山羊草亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果表明,TaWRKYⅢ-A37和TaWRKYⅡc-D2基因在小麦根、茎和叶中均有表达,前者在根中表达量最高,后者在叶中表达量最高,二者均在茎中低表达;在苗期TaWRKYⅢ-A37基因受到PEG、H_2O_2和ABA胁迫后表达上调,NaCl处理后4～8 h内表达下调且低于对照表达水平,而且在灌浆期受到PEG、NaCl、H_2O_2和ABA胁迫后表达均上调;苗期TaWRKYⅡc-D2基因在NaCl、H_2O_2和ABA胁迫后表达下调,PEG处理2 h时表达上调且高于对照表达水平,并且在灌浆期经PEG和NaCl胁迫后表达下调,受H_2O_2和ABA胁迫后表达上调。该研究结果为深入探究TaWRKYⅢ-A37和TaWRKYⅡc-D2基因的抗逆功能奠定了理论基础。     

Differential responses of litter decomposition in the air and on the soil surface to shrub encroachment in a graminoid-dominated temperate wetland

Plant and Soil - Graminoid-dominated wetlands have been subjected to widespread shrub encroachment, yet the effect of this shift in species composition on litter decomposition remains unclear,...