不同展叶物候期胡杨离子分布、吸收和运输特征及其与土壤盐分关系

为明确胡杨(Populus euphratica )的离子分布、吸收和运输规律,探讨胡杨适应盐渍环境的生理机制,以不同展叶物候期（萌芽期、展叶期、叶片快速发育期、叶片成熟期）的胡杨为研究对象,测定其根、主干、老枝、幼枝和叶片中的可溶性盐离子含量,并对各离子吸收、运输和分配特征进行研究,同时结合林下土壤盐分特征,探讨胡杨离子分布与土壤盐分的关系,结果表明:随着展叶物候的变化,胡杨通过对离子吸收、运输和分布规律的差异满足生长发育的需要及对环境的适应。（1）根系选择性吸收K+、Ca2+和Mg2+的能力随展叶物候变化而呈先升后降趋势,多以叶片快速发育期为最高,恰与土壤中总盐及Na+、Cl-含量变化趋势相反。（2）离子从根系-主干及幼枝-叶片的运输能力随展叶物候的变化表现为先降后升的相反趋势,且多以叶片快速发育期为最低。（3）各器官中Na+和K+含量在展叶过程中变化不大,而在叶片成熟期有显著升高,且此期Na+以根中含量最高,K+以叶片中含量最高;叶片和根系中Ca2+、Mg2+含量随展叶物候变化整体呈升高趋势。（4）展叶物候期胡杨器官离子与土壤离子相关性表现为:萌芽期,各器官离子含量受土壤盐分影响较小,指标间相关性多不显著;展叶期,根中Na+与土壤离子成正相关,幼枝和主干K+与土壤多呈负相关;叶片快速发育期,幼枝Mg2+、根中Na+均与土壤离子呈正相关;叶片成熟期,各器官离子含量受土壤离子影响较小。     

A Preliminary Genetic Analysis of Complement 3 Gene and Schizophrenia

Complement pathway activation was found to occur frequently in schizophrenia, and complement 3 (C3) plays a major role in this process. Previous studies have provided evidence for the possible role of C3 in the development of schizophrenia. In this study, we hypothesized that the gene encoding C3 (C3) may confer susceptibility to schizophrenia in Han Chinese. We analyzed 7 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C3 in 647 schizophrenia patients and 687 healthy controls. Peripheral C3 mRNA expression level was measured in 23 drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia and 24 controls. Two SNPs (rs1047286 and rs2250656) that deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were excluded for further analysis. Among the remaining 5 SNPs, there was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between the patient and control groups. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant SNP-gender interaction in either dominant model or recessive model. There was no significant difference in the level of peripheral C3 expression between the drug-naïve schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, the results of this study do not support C3 as a major genetic susceptibility factor in schizophrenia. Other factors in AP may have critical roles in schizophrenia and be worthy of further investigation.     

气候变化下西南地区植物功能型地理分布响应

以中国西南地区(云南、贵州、四川和重庆)为研究区,基于中国植被图划分植物功能型,筛选影响各植物功能型分布的主导环境因子,进而通过最大熵模型结合未来气候情景(2050年)预测西南地区植物功能型地理分布。结果表明:(1)根据植物冠层特征(针叶/阔叶、常绿/落叶)及对水分和温度的需求,结合研究区实际植被数据,筛选得到15类植物功能型,包含6类乔木、6类灌木和3类草本功能型;(2)影响西南地区热带乔木分布的主导因子为最冷月最低温度和年降水量(贡献率达90.3%),亚热带植物功能型分布主要受到温度变化影响(贡献率达41.7%),温带植物功能型则受降水因子的影响最大(贡献率约40.1%),高寒草甸草和高寒常绿阔叶灌木主要受温度和海拔因子影响,高寒落叶阔叶灌木受降水因子影响大;(3)随CO₂排放量增加,未来西南各植物功能型分布呈现不同变化,其中,热带常绿阔叶乔木适宜区逐渐扩大;亚热带落叶木本类植物功能型的高适宜区面积2050年(RCP8.5)增至10.3%,呈东移趋势;亚热带常绿木本和草本类植物功能型适宜区广(占研究区总面积86.5%),未来气候下分布呈不规则波动;温带植物功能...     

Defining global gene expression changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in female sGnRH-antisense transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Background

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is critical in the development and regulation of reproduction in fish. The inhibition of neuropeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression may diminish or severely hamper gonadal development due to it being the key regulator of the axis, and then provide a model for the comprehensive study of the expression patterns of genes with respect to the fish reproductive system.

Methodology/Principal Findings

In a previous study we injected 342 fertilized eggs from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with a gene construct that expressed antisense sGnRH. Four years later, we found a total of 38 transgenic fish with abnormal or missing gonads. From this group we selected the 12 sterile females with abnormal ovaries in which we combined suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and cDNA microarray analysis to define changes in gene expression of the HPG axis in the present study. As a result, nine, 28, and 212 genes were separately identified as being differentially expressed in hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary, of which 87 genes were novel. The number of down- and up-regulated genes was five and four (hypothalamus), 16 and 12 (pituitary), 119 and 93 (ovary), respectively. Functional analyses showed that these genes involved in several biological processes, such as biosynthesis, organogenesis, metabolism pathways, immune systems, transport links, and apoptosis. Within these categories, significant genes for neuropeptides, gonadotropins, metabolic, oogenesis and inflammatory factors were identified.

Conclusions/Significance

This study indicated the progressive scaling-up effect of hypothalamic sGnRH antisense on the pituitary and ovary receptors of female carp and provided comprehensive data with respect to global changes in gene expression throughout the HPG signaling pathway, contributing towards improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulative pathways in the reproductive system of teleost fish.     

气候变化下西南地区主要亚热带常绿栎属乔木地理分布研究

为了解中国西南地区6种亚热带常绿栎属植物在未来气候情景下的潜在分布,该文利用最大熵模型(maximum entropy model, MaxEnt)和地理信息系统技术,结合帽斗栎(Quercus guyavaefolia)、川滇高山栎(Q. aquifolioides)、毛脉高山栎(Q. rehderiana)、高山栎(Q. semecarpifolia)、灰背栎(Q. senescens)和匙叶栎(Q. dolicholepis)的分布数据、生理生态特性、环境数据及未来2070s (2061—2080年)气候情景数据(SSPs126、SSPs245、SSPs585),分析了未来气候变化对各乔木种潜在地理分布的影响。结果表明,6种乔木MaxEnt模型的AUC均值均大于0.9,模拟效果好。温度季节性、年降水量、海拔、最冷月最低温和坡度等5个环境因子为6种栎属乔木分布的主导环境因子,即多适宜分布在温度季节性变化较小、温暖潮湿的山区。其中,川滇高山栎、毛脉高山栎和高山栎较其他3树种更适宜生长于温度偏低、温度季节性变化略大的中、高山地区。西南地区6种主要亚热带常绿栎属乔木潜在适宜区主要分布在西南地区,华中地区西部、华南地区西部和西北地区南部部分地区也有分布,高适宜区主要位于四川南部和云南西北部。在未来气候情景下,西南地区亚热带常绿主要栎属乔木适宜区面积以增长趋势为主,且向西北方向迁移。     

Modification of eucalyptus CTMP fibres with white-rot fungus Trametes hirsute - Effects on fibre morphology and paper physical strengths

White-rot fungus Trameteshirsute (T.h. 19-6) was used for modifying the eucalyptus CTMP fibres. Results show that the T.h. 19-6 removed mainly lignin (by 7.42%) and extractive (by 11.52%) after a short period of 5days incubation. Due to the fungal degradation of the fibre wall materials, the middle lamella remainder on the fibre surface was significantly reduced and the fibre wall structure was loosened, which led to an increase in fibre internal bonding strength by 32% and an increase in handsheet tensile index and tear index by 49%, and 34%, respectively. A subsequent PFI refining process further amplified the fungal treatment effect, resulting in extensive fibre internal fibrillation. Compared with untreated pulp, fungus-treated pulp reached the same freeness levels with less PFI revolutions, indicating potential energy saving in the refining process.     

活性污泥中群体感应淬灭菌的分离纯化及功能验证

【背景】近年来,群体感应淬灭(Quorum Quenching,QQ)技术在膜生物污堵防控中的应用研究受到了广泛关注。然而,目前已成功分离纯化的高效QQ菌有限,更多高效QQ菌资源亟待挖掘。【目的】从实际运行的膜生物反应器(MembraneBioreactor,MBR)活性污泥中采样,分离并富集高效QQ菌。【方法】以根瘤农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens) A136为报告菌株,使用指示琼脂平板法测定各菌株的N-辛酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-Octanoyl-DL-Homoserine Lactone,C8-HSL)降解能力。以紫色色杆菌(Chromobacterium violaceum) VIR24为报告菌株,定量测定所得QQ菌降解N-己酰高丝氨酸内酯(N-Hexanoyl-DL-Homoserine Lactone,C6-HSL)信号分子的能力。通过微生物形态、生理生化及16SrRNA基因序列测定、构建系统发育树、扫描电子显微镜形态观测等方法对菌株进行分类学鉴定。用共培养法分析QQ菌对生物膜形成的抑制能力,通过聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠包埋固定化QQ菌。【结果】筛选出了6株高效QQ菌,其中对C8-HSL分解能力最强的为杆状、革兰氏阴性戴尔福特菌属(Delftia sp.) JL5。定量分析结果表明菌株JL5能在10 h内完全降解C6-HSL。菌株JL5显著抑制铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) PAO1和菠萝泛菌(Pantoea ananatis) SK-1生物膜的形成。固定化后的JL5微球仍具有高效的C6-HSL和C8-HSL信号分子分解能力,而且分解速度较被广泛报道的红球菌(Rhodococcussp.)BH4更快。【结论】研究分离得到了高效的QQ菌,能够有效抑制N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-Acyl-HomoserineLactones,AHL)型群体感应菌生物膜的形成,固定化后仍然具有强QQ活性,具备广泛的应用前景,为后续QQ膜生物污堵防控技术的实践应用奠定了基础。     

B超检查对腹水病人的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨B超检查对腹水病人的诊断价值。方法对我院2004年7月至2011年7月期间,被B超检查出腹水的358例患者临床资料及其声像图表现进行回顾性分析。结果肝硬化腹水244例、结核性腹水38例、癌性腹水66例、心源性少量腹水10例。结论超声检查能及时准确地为各种腹水患者做出诊断或提供诊断依据,提高了术前诊断符合率,超声检查已成为各种腹水患者必不可少的检查手段。