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排序方式: 共有226条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Microclimate was found to affect the daily flight activity ofSimulium arcticum in a pasture situation in central Alberta, Canada. Vapour pressure, air temperature, light intensity, and wind gust velocity had the greatest correlation to flight activity. These variables were correlated to support the concept that they influence the energy and water balances of a black fly. Flight activity is a response of the black fly to alterations of its energy and water balances. 相似文献
2.
A unique DR-related B cell differentiation antigen 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M A Shipp B D Schwartz C C Kannapell R C Griffith M G Scott P Ahmed J M Davie M H Nahm 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1983,131(5):2458-2467
The Ia or class II molecules in both mouse and man are the basis for the genetic control of the immune response. In addition to DR, other class II antigens have been described in man. We describe a new human Ia antigen K19, recognized by three monoclonal antibodies (HK-9, HK-19, and HK-20). This antigen has the general biochemical characteristics of an Ia antigen but is different from a DR antigen. Further, this antigen is found only on mature B lymphocytes and not on monocytes and activated T cells. Thus, this antigen may represent a new Ia-like molecule that is preferentially expressed on mature B cells. 相似文献
3.
We have broadly defined the DNA regions regulating esterase6 activity in
several life stages and tissue types of D. melanogaster using P-
element-mediated transformation of constructs that contain the esterase6
coding region and deletions or substitutions in 5' or 3' flanking DNA.
Hemolymph is a conserved ancestral site of EST6 activity in Drosophila and
the primary sequences regulating its activity lie between -171 and -25 bp
relative to the translation initiation site: deletion of these sequences
decrease activity approximately 20-fold. Hemolymph activity is also
modulated by four other DNA regions, three of which lie 5' and one of which
lies 3' of the coding region. Of these, two have positive and two have
negative effects, each of approximately twofold. Esterase6 activity is
present also in two male reproductive tract tissues; the ejaculatory bulb,
which is another ancestral activity site, and the ejaculatory duct, which
is a recently acquired site within the melanogaster species subgroup.
Activities in these tissues are at least in part independently regulated:
activity in the ejaculatory bulb is conferred by sequences between -273 and
-172 bp (threefold decrease when deleted), while activity in the
ejaculatory duct is conferred by more distal sequences between -844 and
-614 bp (fourfold decrease when deleted). The reproductive tract activity
is further modulated by two additional DNA regions, one in 5' DNA (-613 to
-284 bp; threefold decrease when deleted) and the other in 3' DNA (+1860 to
+2731 bp; threefold decrease when deleted) that probably overlaps the
adjacent esteraseP gene. Collating these data with previous studies
suggests that expression of EST6 in the ancestral sites is mainly regulated
by conserved proximal sequences while more variable distal sequences
regulate expression in the acquired ejaculatory duct site.
相似文献
4.
Litman GW; Rast JP; Shamblott MJ; Haire RN; Hulst M; Roess W; Litman RT; Hinds- Frey KR; Zilch A; Amemiya CT 《Molecular biology and evolution》1993,10(1):60-72
Immunoglobulins are encoded by a large multigene system that undergoes
somatic rearrangement and additional genetic change during the development
of immunoglobulin-producing cells. Inducible antibody and antibody-like
responses are found in all vertebrates. However, immunoglobulin possessing
disulfide-bonded heavy and light chains and domain-type organization has
been described only in representatives of the jawed vertebrates. High
degrees of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence identity are
evident when the segmental elements that constitute the immunoglobulin gene
loci in phylogenetically divergent vertebrates are compared. However, the
organization of gene loci and the manner in which the independent elements
recombine (and diversify) vary markedly among different taxa. One striking
pattern of gene organization is the "cluster type" that appears to be
restricted to the chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) and limits
segmental rearrangement to closely linked elements. This type of gene
organization is associated with both heavy- and light-chain gene loci. In
some cases, the clusters are "joined" or "partially joined" in the germ
line, in effect predetermining or partially predetermining, respectively,
the encoded specificities (the assumption being that these are expressed)
of the individual loci. By relating the sequences of transcribed gene
products to their respective germ-line genes, it is evident that, in some
cases, joined-type genes are expressed. This raises a question about the
existence and/or nature of allelic exclusion in these species. The
extensive variation in gene organization found throughout the vertebrate
species may relate directly to the role of intersegmental
(V<==>D<==>J) distances in the commitment of the individual
antibody-producing cell to a particular genetic specificity. Thus, the
evolution of this locus, perhaps more so than that of others, may reflect
the interrelationships between genetic organization and function.
相似文献
5.
A study was undertaken in 1975 to determine California encephalitis virus activity in southern Ontario. Three thousand and sixty-one mosquitoes, primarily Aedes species, were divided into 104 pools and inoculated into suckling mice. Isolates of snowshoe hare virus were obtained from one pool each of Aedes fitchii and A. triseriatus mosquitoes collected in the Guelph area. Serological testing of horse sera revealed extensive virus activity in southern Ontario and indicated that horses may serve as excellent monitors for California encephalitis virus. 相似文献
6.
Two insoluble non-collagenous glycoprotein fractions (A and G) have been separated from puppy rib cartilage, following extraction of most of the proteoglycan and digestion of the insoluble residue with purified collagenase. After reduction, alkylation and extraction with sodium dodecylsulfate most of each protein is solubilized. Gel electrophoresis of solubilized A or G shows the presence of either one or two bands and gel chromatography shows both high and low molecular weight peaks. The production of a low molecular weight electrophoresis band from the high molecular weight Sephadex fraction indicates that there is aggregation and disaggregation of sub-units in sodium dodecylsulfate. Both A and G are high in aspartate plus glutamate and have a low hydroxyproline content. The insoluble A and G both contain hexose, uronic acid, galactosamine, glucosamine and a small amount of sialic acid, but they differ in their contents of hexose and six amino acids. They both form single bands in CsCl gradients but they differ in density. Electron microscopy shows that both insoluble glycoprotein fractions stain with lead, ruthenium red, or alcian blue plus phosphotungstate and that G contains many fine filaments. Material with the same appearance and staining properties was found to occur on the surface of collagen fibres in the undigested cartilage residue. 相似文献
7.
Circadian rhythms of LD50 values to DDT, dieldrin and malathion, topically applied, were determined for houseflies reared under LD 14:10 with dawn at 06.00 hr. There was a marked increase in susceptibility at 05.00 hr in each case. With dawn at 18.00 hr., DDT LD50 values were lowest at 17.00 hr indicating independence of the flies' biological clocks from clock time of day. Flies reared under LD 18:6 and 10:14 also had circadian rhythms of sensitivity to DDT. Mean daily LD50 values were inversely related to photophase length. The ratios of mean daily LD50 to pre-dawn values were greatest for the longer photophases. Flies reared under LD 14:10 until the pupal stage, then DD until testing showed a normal circadian rhythm. Flies reared in total darkness (DD) showed no diel variations in susceptibility. W.H.O. standard strain flies were used for all the experiments. A fully susceptible (Cooper) and a DDT resistant (DEH-DOV) strain also showed significant circadian rhythms of sensitivity to DDT.
Zusammenfassung Circadianrhythmen der LD 50-Werte gegenüber DDT, Dieldrin und Malathion-topical angewandt wurden bei Stubenfliegen ermittelt, die bei 14:10 h-Tag mit Tagesanbruch um 6.00 Uhr gezüchtet wurden. In allen Fällen war die Empfindlichkeit um 5.00 Uhr wesentlich erhöht. Bei Tagesanbruch um 18.00 Uhr waren die niedrigsten LD 50-Werte um 17.00 Uhr. Dies weist auf die Unabhängigkeit der biologischen Uhr der Fliegen von der Tageszeit hin. Fliegen, die bei 18:6 oder bei 10:14 LD gezüchtet wurden, zeigten ebenfalls einen Circadianrhythmus hinsichtlich der Empfindlichkeit gegenüber DDT. Die mittleren LD 50-Werte waren umgekehrt proportional zur Länge der Photophase. Das Verhältnis der mittleren täglichen LD 50-Werte zu den Vortagesanbruchwerten war am grössten bei längerer Photophase. Fliegen, die bei 14:10 LD bis zum Puppenstadium und anschliessend bei DD bis zur Testung gehalten wurden, zeigten einen normalen circadianen Rhythmus. Bei Züchtung in völliger Dunkelheit zeigten sie keine Tagesschwankungen in der Empfindlichkeit. Für alle Versuche wurde ein WHO-Standardstamm benutzt. Zwei andere Stämme, einer voll empfindlich (Cooper), der andere resistent (DEH-DOV) zeigten ebenfalls signifikante Circadianrhythmen in der DDT-Empfindlichkeir.相似文献
8.
Absorption rates in three strains of housefly show little variation when DDT is applied at different times during the 24-hr cycle. Rates of breakdown of DDT to DDE, however, vary significantly at different times of the day with most rapid breakdown at 05.00–05.30 and 15.00 hr, corresponding to diel peaks in oxygen consumption. The pre-dawn peak breakdown rates occur at the times at which the flies were found, previously, to be most susceptible to DDT, thus this change in susceptibility must have other causes.
Zusammenfassung Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der DDT von drei Stubenfliegenrassen absorbiert wurde, zeigte nur wenig Verschiedenheit, wenn es zu verschiedenen Zeiten im Verlauf des 24-h-Tages appliziert wurde. Die Rate des Abbaus von DDT zu DDE variierte dagegen im Lauf des Tages, sie war am grössten um 5.00 bis 5.30 Uhr und um 15.00 Uhr, entsprechend den Tagesspitzen des Sauerstoff-Verbrauchs. Das erste Abbaumaximum (vor Tagesanbruch) fiel zusammen mit der Zeit, in der die Fliegen höchste Empfindlichkeit gegenüber DDT zeigten (vgl. vorige Veröffentlichung). Diese tageszeitspezifische Empfindlichkeit liess sich demnach keineswegs mit einer (geringeren) Abbaugeschwindigkeit in Zusammenhang bringen.相似文献
9.
10.
Christopher Shipp Benjamin Weide Evelyna Derhovanessian Graham Pawelec 《Cell stress & chaperones》2013,18(2):145-154
Heat shock proteins (hsps) have been studied in numerous cancer types, but a clear view of their clinical relevance in melanoma remains elusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of hsps in melanoma with respect to patient clinical parameters. Using Western immunoblotting, hsps 90, 70, 60, 40 and 32 were observed to be widely expressed in metastatic melanomas (n = 31), while immunofluorescence demonstrated that in the majority of samples these hsps, apart from hsp32, were increased in expression in melanoma cells compared with surrounding non-melanoma cells in situ (n = 8). Correlating hsp expression with patient clinical parameters indicated that greater hsp90 (P < 0.02) and hsp40 (P < 0.03) expression correlated with advanced stage (stage III Vs stage IV), while in the case of hsp40, this was additionally associated with reduced patient survival (P < 0.05). In contrast, higher hsp32 expression was associated with improved patient survival (P < 0.007). On the other hand, the expression of the other hsps did not correlate with any obtainable patient clinical parameters. This study provides further evidence for the importance of hsps in melanoma and for their use as therapeutic targets and biomarkers, but larger-scale follow-up studies are required to confirm these results.