足籽骨的放射片研究

本文对山东枣庄市916人足放射片进行了足籽骨的观察与测量。发现每足有1-7个籽骨,其中二个者占77.8％,三个者占16.9％;籽骨位于跖骨头下方者占94.5％,位于趾间关节下方者占5.5％;各跖骨头籽骨出现率:Ⅰ占99.9％、Ⅱ占 2.2％、Ⅲ占0.3％、Ⅳ占0.5％、Ⅴ占6.4％;(足母)趾趾间关节籽骨占12.6％;二分及三分籽骨出现率占3.9％,明显低于欧美人。此外,本文认为籽骨是在先天籽骨原基基础上,加以后天运动的影响而形成。     

下肢长骨骨重的非对称性

本文测量82副中国成年下股长骨即股骨,胫骨和腓骨的重量,在两侧骨重相差>1％时,则股骨、胫骨和腓骨及其三骨总重均以非对称性为多,均具有非常显著性差异(P<0.001)。除腓骨重具有明显侧别差异外,其余无显著性侧别差异,对腓骨侧差解释为:①腓骨主要机能是肌的附着,而下肢对踢和足趾取物具有明显的侧别差异;②以两侧骨重相差>1％时为非对称性的标准,由于腓骨绝对重量较小,在两侧相差<0.5克时即多属非对称性。     

Differences between migrasome,a ‘new organelle’, and exosome

The migrasome is a new organelle discovered by Professor Yu Li in 2015. When cells migrate, the membranous organelles that appear at the end of the retraction fibres are migrasomes. With the migration of cells, the retraction fibres which connect migrasomes and cells finally break. The migrasomes detach from the cell and are released into the extracellular space or directly absorbed by the recipient cell. The cytoplasmic contents are first transported to the migrasome and then released from the cell through the migrasome. This release mechanism, which depends on cell migration, is named ‘migracytosis’. The main components of the migrasome are extracellular vesicles after they leave the cell, which are easy to remind people of the current hot topic of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles wrapped by the lipid bimolecular layer. With extensive research, exosomes have solved many disease problems. This review summarizes the differences between migrasomes and exosomes in size, composition, property and function, extraction method and regulation mechanism for generation and release. At the same time, it also prospects for the current hotspot of migrasomes, hoping to provide literature support for further research on the generation and release mechanism of migrasomes and their clinical application in the future.     

A risk signature-based on metastasis-associated genes to predict survival of patients with osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary solid malignant bone tumor, and its metastasis is a prominent cause of high mortality in patients. In this study, a prognosis risk signature was constructed based on metastasis-associated genes. Four microarrays datasets with clinical information were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and 256 metastasis-associated genes were identified by limma package. Further, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and survival analysis was performed using data from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments data matrix, identifying 19 genes correlated with prognosis. Six genes were selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression for multivariate cox analysis. Finally, a three-gene (MYC, CPE, and LY86) risk signature was constructed, and datasets GSE21257 and GSE16091 were used to validate the prediction efficiency of the signature. The survival times of low- and high-risk groups were significantly different in the training set and validation set. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the genes in the signature may affect the cell cycle, gap junctions, and interleukin-6 production. Therefore, the three-gene survival risk signature could potentially predict the prognosis of patients with OS. Further, proteins encoded by CPE and LY86 may provide novel insights into the prediction of OS prognosis and therapeutic targets.     

Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids to a low-protein diet regulates intestinal expression of amino acid and peptide transporters in weanling pigs

This study determined the effects of dietary branched-chain amino acids (AA) (BCAA) on growth performance, expression of jejunal AA and peptide transporters, and the colonic microflora of weanling piglets fed a low-protein (LP) diet. One hundred and eight Large White × Landrace × Duroc piglets (weaned at 28 days of age) were fed a normal protein diet (NP, 20.9 % crude protein), an LP diet (LP, 17.1 % crude protein), or an LP diet supplemented with BCAA (LP + BCAA, 17.9 % crude protein) for 14 days. Dietary protein restriction reduced piglet growth performance and small-intestinal villous height, which were restored by BCAA supplementation to the LP diet to values for the NP diet. Serum concentrations of BCAA were reduced in piglets fed the LP diet while those in piglets fed the LP + BCAA diet were similar to values for the NP group. mRNA levels for Na⁺-neutral AA exchanger-2, cationic AA transporter-1, b^0,+ AA transporter, and 4F2 heavy chain were more abundant in piglets fed the LP + BCAA diet than the LP diet. However, mRNA and protein levels for peptide transporter-1 were lower in piglets fed the LP + BCAA diet as compared to the LP diet. The colonic microflora did not differ among the three groups of pigs. In conclusion, growth performance, intestinal development, and intestinal expression of AA transporters in weanling piglets are enhanced by BCAA supplementation to LP diets. Our findings provide a new molecular basis for further understanding of BCAA as functional AA in animal nutrition.     

Effect of high fibre diets formulated with different fibrous ingredients on performance,nutrient digestibility and faecal microbiota of weaned piglets

The aim of the experiment on 180 weaned piglets (8.9 kg body weight) was to investigate the influence of high fibre diets formulated with different fibrous ingredients on performance, nutrient digestibility, diarrhoea incidence and numbers of faecal microbiota. The dietary treatments included a Control diet and five high fibre diets formulated with different fibre sources including wheat bran, soybean hulls, naked oat hulls, palm kernel expeller and bamboo fibre. The high fibre diets averaged 14.6% neutral detergent fibre with different non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) components and were fed ad libitum for 28 d. Faecal samples were collected during the last 3 d of the experiment and the apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients and fibre components were determined. Pigs fed the Control and wheat bran diets had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) than pigs fed the palm kernel expeller and bamboo meal diets. The reduced ADG for pigs appeared to be related to reductions in the digestibility of gross energy and dry matter, respectively. The feed-to-gain ratio was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) for pigs fed the fibre diets. The digestibility of NSP components was different among the treatments. The diarrhoea incidence was not affected by treatments. The abundance of faecal bifidobacteria was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) for pigs fed the wheat bran diet than for pigs fed the bamboo meal diet. It was concluded that the diets formulated with different fibre sources when fed to weaned piglets have different effects on pig performance, nutrient digestibility and numbers of faecal microbiota. The wheat bran diet rich in arabinoxylans enabled a better performance than the other tested diets with fibre addition.     

密云水库集水区人工油松水源保护林降水化学性质研究

对北京密云水库集水区人工油松水源保护林降水化学性质研究表明 ,在研究区大气降水化学元素含量在观测时段内变幅较大 ;测定时段内各元素加权平均值之和为 12 0 0 1mg·L-1,大气降水中各元素含量按大小排序为Ca >N >K >Mg >Na >P >Fe >Zn >Cu >Mn ;大气降水经过林冠层后 ,林内穿透降水和树干茎流中各化学元素含量变化不一 ,但多数元素含量增加且总量呈增加趋势 ,林内穿透降水化学元素加权平均值之和为2 0 614mg·L-1,树干茎流为 73 3 2 4mg·L-1,比林外降水分别高出 8 613mg·L-1和 61 3 2 3mg·L-1,引起树干茎流和穿透降水中化学元素总量增加的主要原因是K含量增加所致 ,K在林内穿透降水和树干茎流中的含量约是大气降水含量的 3倍和 2 5倍 .     

胫骨角度测量方法的改进

胫骨角度测量方法的改进单涛,丁士海（青岛医学院．青岛２６６０２１）传统的胫骨角度测量方法（吴汝康等,１９６５;邵象清,１９８５）需经描点、固定钢针腔骨定位、投影描绘、定点连线、间接测角等步骤,凡进行过测量者均有繁琐之感,效率较低。为简化手续、提高效率...     

A series of new 5,6-epoxysterols from a Chinese sponge Ircinia aruensis

Chromatographic separation of the ethanolic extract of the marine sponge, Ircinia aruensis, resulted in the isolation and characterization of six new sterols. 5 alpha,6 alpha-Epoxy-26,27-dinorergosta-7,22-en-3 beta-ol (1), 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxycholesta-7,22-en-3 beta-ol (2), 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxyergosta-7,24(28)-en-3 beta-ol (3), 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxyergosta-7-en-3 beta-ol (4), 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxystigmasta-7,22-en-3 beta-ol (5), 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxystigmasta-7-en-3 beta-ol (6). The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR, HMQC, and HMBC) analyses. The cytotoxic of 1-3 toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines is also reported.