Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine on the basis of antigens isolated from the supernatant of culture media K-4

The possibility of using experimental culture medium K-4 prepared on the basis of casein hydrolysate peptides with the isoelectric point 4.1 for obtaining antigens from P. aeruginosa strains was evaluated. Two antigenic fractions were isolated from the culture fluid containing extracellular slime. The study of the toxicity of the antigenic preparations revealed that one of these fractions had low toxicity for mice (the second antigenic fraction was highly toxic). The former P. aeruginosa antigenic fraction was used for obtaining pyocyanic vaccine. One vaccination dose of this vaccine contained 0.2 mg of the antigen adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. Pyocyanic vaccine ensured the active protection of mice challenged with P. aeruginosa homologous and heterologous strains.     

Effect of La(3+) on electrophoretic mobility and aggregation of intact human erythrocytes and those treated with low concentrations of glutaric aldehyde

It was shown that the treatment of erythrocytes with low concentrations of glutaraldehyde (0.01-0.1%) for 30-120 min to a variable extent the aggregation induced by 40-330 microM La3+. The effect of glutaraldehyde on the aggregation increased with concentration and time of fixation. La3+ ions decreased to a similar extent the electrophoretic mobility of intact erythrocytes and erythrocytes treated with 0.1% glutaraldehyde. No relationship was found between the change in the negative charge on the erythrocytes and the degree of their aggregation. Neuraminidase and trypsin were shown to decrease the surface charge on the erythrocytes and the aggregation of fixed erythrocytes.     

Trends of angiosperm genome evolution

Direction of evolutionary variability of parameters of genome size and structurally functional activity of plants on life forms groups and angiosperms taxa are analyzed. It is shown that, in the Cretaceous-Cenozoic, their nuclear genome tended to increase. Functional genome efficiency (intensity of functions per 1 pg of DNA) decreased from as much as possible high at trees and lianas of rain and monsoonal forests of the Paleogene to minimum at shrubs, perennial and annual grasses of meadow-steppe vegetation which had appeared in the neogene. Important for the vegetation environmental changes in temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration in an adverse direction are discussed as the cause of evolutionary genome size growth and decrease in its functional efficiency. Price for phylogenetic adaptogenesis of angiosperms to the step Cenozoic climate cooling was 4-fold and more genome growth.     

Refractory nature of erythrocytes and thrombocytes]

The authors studied the influence of proteolytic enzymes and arachidonic acid on the erythrocyte and platelet aggregation. These substances stimulated the blood formed elements aggregation. At the same time preliminary incubation of fibrinolysin, trypsin and arachidonic acid with the blood formed elements suspension was accompanied by a significant reduction of their aggregation capacity, i.e. by the development of a refractory condition. A possible mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed.     

Effect of diamide on deformability and La(3+)-induced aggregation and fusion of human erythrocytes

The effect of diamide on the deformability and La(3+)-induced aggregation and fusion of human erythrocytes was studied. It was shown that diamide decreased the deformability of erythrocytes and practically completely inhibited their fusion. It was found that diamide did not change the aggregation of erythrocytes.     

Determination with a microelectrode of membrane potential of giant human erythrocytes obtained by La(3+)-induced fusion

The effect of La3+ on the fusion of erythrocytes of blood stored for a week at +4 degrees C was studied. It was shown that the fusion of erythrocytes begins after one day of storage of blood. The most intensive fusion of erythrocytes was observed on day 4 of blood storage. As a result, giant cells with a size of 100 microns and more arise. The electrical potential of giant cells was measured using a microelectrode and was -6.6 +/- 1.5 mV.     

Evaluation of the toxicity of a chemical by adsorbed typhoid vaccine by a pharmacological test (hexenal sleep) and by a change in thymus weight in white mice

With the wide spread of immunoprophylaxis, investigations aimed at introducing new methods for the control of vaccines are gaining in importance. As indicated by the results of investigations, the reactogenicity of vaccinal preparations for humans may be evaluated, to a certain extent, by the degree of the stress action produced by these preparations and the duration of hexenal narcosis in laboratory animals.     

Dicotyledons of cretaceous, palaeogene, and neogene. Adaptogenesis of the terminal phloem

A database containing information on the trait complex for terminal phloem of dicots leaf having been created during the last thirty years was analyzed. The typology of terminal phloem was verified. The monotypy of plant taxa up to the family level was confirmed. For orders and subclasses, the wide distribution of structural parallelisms was demonstrated. The lists of plant families with similar structures of the phloem terminals was elaborated. As a result of comparative analysis of these lists and paleobotanic data on the age of plant families, the specificity of the types of terminal phloem and the associated morphological and functional characteristics of the groups of families of the same evolutionary, age were revealed. Ancestral type prevails among the families belonging to Prodicots, which were emerged during Cretaceous. Symplastic type is characteristic to the families of Eudicots and biomes appeared in Paleogene, while the apoplastic type is characteristic to the families and biomes of Neogene. For each group to taxa, plant stem and root parasitism is characteristic for the crown taxa completing the structural sequences of trees and herbs. All these data allow discussion of the questions of climatic adaptogenesis of the character complex studied here, the impossibility of structural iterations in morphological evolution, and the reasons of similarities and differences in the evolutionary and contemporary zonal series of the terminal phloem in Dicots.     

A study of the aggregation of human red blood cells induced by picric acid

The effect of picric acid on the aggregation of human erythrocytes was studied. It was shown that the addition of picric acid to a suspension of washed erythrocytes leads to a decrease in pH of medium to 1.5-2 and the formation of echinocytes. Stirring the suspension of echinocytes at low pH values results in a strong aggregation of cells. Increasing the pH value to 7.4 leads to a desaggregation of echinocytes. It was found that picric acid does not induce the aggregation of cells fixed by glutaraldehyde. A substantial decrease in the aggegation of spheric erythrocytes obtained after heating the cells at 50 degrees C was observed.     

Experimentally determined safety and immunological activity of vaccine based on antigens isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in medium K-4

The safety and immunological activity of P. aeruginosa vaccine were experimentally evaluated. The vaccine was prepared on the basis of the antigens of P. aeruginosa extracellular slime which was accumulated in medium K-4, obtained with the use of original technology. The immunization of animals with P. aeruginosa vaccine induced the synthesis of antibodies. The introduction of the vaccine in 2 or 3 injections resulted in a high level of antibody formation, differing with the use of various strains. Hyperimmune sera, obtained by the multiple immunization of rabbits with P. aeruginosa vaccine, ensured high protection of mice from P. aeruginosa infection. The vaccine proved to be safe when evaluated in experiments of acute and chronic toxicity, made on laboratory animals.