Mrd1p is required for processing of pre-rRNA and for maintenance of steady-state levels of 40 S ribosomal subunits in yeast

Ribosome biogenesis is a conserved process in eukaryotes that requires a large number of small nucleolar RNAs and trans-acting proteins. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MRD1 (multiple RNA-binding domain) gene encodes a novel protein that contains five consensus RNA-binding domains. Mrd1p is essential for viability. Mrd1p partially co-localizes with the nucleolar protein Nop1p. Depletion of Mrd1p leads to a selective reduction of 18 S rRNA and 40 S ribosomal subunits. Mrd1p associates with the 35 S precursor rRNA (pre-rRNA) and U3 small nucleolar RNAs and is necessary for the initial processing at the A(0)-A(2) cleavage sites in pre-rRNA. The presence of five RNA-binding domains in Mrd1p suggests that Mrd1p may function to correctly fold pre-rRNA, a requisite for proper cleavage. Sequence comparisons suggest that Mrd1p homologues exist in all eukaryotes.     

几种杀虫剂对桔小实蝇引诱剂诱杀效果的影响

使用桔小实蝇引诱剂(甲基丁香酚Methyl eugenol,简称Me),按体积比10∶1分别与四种杀虫剂混合,进行了桔小实蝇诱杀效果试验。试验结果表明:四种杀虫剂中,敌敌畏的诱杀效果最佳;马拉硫磷诱杀效果明显优于氯氰菊酯和功夫两种杀虫剂。试验提出了与桔小实蝇引诱剂混合的杀虫剂选择以及换药时间。     

表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒修饰型GP5m蛋白的重组伪狂犬病毒的构建及其在小鼠的免疫反应

猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）是一种良好的兽用活病毒疫苗载体。但以PRV基因缺失疫苗株TK^-/gE^-/LacZ⁺为载体表达PRRSV GP5的重组病毒TK^-/gE^-/GP5⁺免疫实验动物后难以激发抗PRRSV的中和抗体。为了进一步增强这种重组病毒的免疫效力,用具有更好免疫原性的修饰的ORF5基因（ORF5m）代替天然ORF5基因,构建了表达PRRSV的修饰型GP5m蛋白的重组伪狂犬病毒TK^-/gE^-/GP5m⁺。经PCR、Southern blot、Western blot 证实构建正确,并能表达具有活性的GP5m蛋白。将TK^-/gE^-/GP5m⁺与TK^-/gE^-/GP5⁺分别免疫Balb/c小鼠,结果TK^-/gE^-/GP5m⁺免疫小鼠不仅产生了较高水平的抗PRRSV的中和抗体(3/6只达到了1∶16),而且在诱导PRRSV特异性细胞免疫方面也显著优于TK^-/gE^-/GP5⁺,表明TK^-/gE^-/GP5m⁺是一种极有希望的PRRSV和PRV二价基因工程候选疫苗。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素apxH基因无药物抗性标记突变株HBC-/GFP+的构建及其生物学特性研究

通过使用枯草芽胞杆菌一个蔗糖敏感sacB基因发展了一种依靠蔗糖的负向筛选系统,这种方法允许没有标记突变的基因进入胸膜肺炎放线杆菌染色体。首先,构建了猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素apxⅡ基因GFP插入失活型的重组质粒pOSAKCG,其中一个表达盒含有氨苄青霉素基因和以外膜蛋白omlA作为启动子表达sacB基因。重组质粒pOSAKCG通过电穿孔转化,它的突变apxⅡCA基因与野生型亲本菌株胸膜肺炎放线杆菌HB03染色体上野生型apxⅡCA基因发生同源交换,两步法筛选获得了apxⅡ基因突变株HBC^-／GFP^ ,PCR和Southern blot对突变株进行初步鉴定,进一步对突变株的一些生物学特性,包括它的溶血活性、免疫原性、生长特性及其对小鼠的安全性进行了研究。结果表明,无药物抗性标记突变株的构建是成功的。该突变株的构建为进一步研究突变株作为载体和疫苗奠定了坚实的基础。     

纹瓣真片叶蜂的生物学特性

纹瓣真片叶蜂Eutomostethus reticulatusWei是毛竹(Phyllostachys pubercens Mazelex H.de Lehaie)的食叶害虫。该虫适应毛竹2年萌发1次新叶的特性,多数个体也是历经2年发生1代。以预蛹在土茧中越夏越冬,于第2年或第3年春天羽化出土。幼虫为害期为4月上旬~6月上旬,5月上旬起老熟幼虫陆续入土预蛹。1年1代的预蛹历期近11个月,2年1代的预蛹历期近23个月。报道该虫各虫态的形态特征和生物学特性。     

Effects of nitrogen application on beetle communities in tea plantations

In contrast to grassland and forest ecosystems, little is known about insect response to nitrogen deposition in agricultural ecosystems. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of short-term (1–2 years) nitrogen application (0, 172.5, 345.0, 690.0, and 1035.0 kg · N ha⁻¹· y⁻¹) on beetle communities in tea plantations. A collection of 34 families, 89 species of beetles, was obtained from a tea plantation in Wuyishan, China. Among them, herbivores, predators and detritivores had 52, 29, and eight species, respectively. Species richness, effective diversity and abundance (measured as the number of individuals and insect biomass) of the beetle community were not significantly related to the rate of nitrogen application. However, nitrogen application changed the species distribution and weakly increased the evenness of species distribution, while this did not significantly change the species evenness. Species richness and abundance of herbivores and predators were not significantly related to the rate of nitrogen application. However, there were some variations in trophic responses to nitrogen. Species richness and abundance of detritivores increased with increasing nitrogen application.     

三种创伤弧菌免疫原的制备及其对黄姑鱼的免疫保护效果

从创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)中提取菌体脂多糖(lipopolysaccaride,LPS)和外膜蛋白(outer membrane protein,OMP)并制备福尔马林灭活全菌苗(FKC),腹腔注射接种黄姑鱼。分别在注射第0、7、14、21和28天后测定了受免鱼血清中凝集抗体效价、血清溶菌酶活性和血液白细胞吞噬活性,以及免疫28d后的相对免疫保护率。结果表明,3种抗原对黄姑鱼均有较强的免疫原性。免疫后,免疫组血清凝集抗体效价逐渐增高,第28天时最高;溶菌酶活性(LMZ)、白细胞吞噬活性(PP)和吞噬指数(PI)显著升高(P<0.01),第21天达到峰值,随后逐渐下降。各组之间比较表明,受免后7、14、21和28d,免疫组黄姑鱼凝集抗体效价、PP、PI和LMZ显著高于对照组(P<0.05),LPS和OMP组凝集抗体效价低于FKC组,LPS和OMP组的相对免疫保护率高于FKC组,各组间免疫保护率大小顺序为LPS组>OMP组>FKC组>对照组。