一种灰茶尺蠖高效引诱剂的研制及其田间防效评价

为研制有效诱杀重要害虫灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫的性信息素/植物源信息物复合型性诱剂,选源自茶梢和茶花挥发物的30个主要成分,分别配成10^-6 g/mL、10^-4 g/mL和10^-2 g/mL液体石蜡溶液作味源,检测其引起1日龄灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫的EAG反应值。结果表明：①每种味源的3个剂量处理皆引起明显的EAG反应;随着味源浓度增加,EAG反应值显著增大;②引起的雌、雄成虫EAG反应值相近,差异不显著;③芳樟醇、反-2-己烯醛、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、己醇、苯乙醇和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮的每个剂量处理引起强烈的EAG反应。将这6种EAG活性成分与灰茶尺蠖2个主要的性信息素成分Z, Z, Z-3, 6, 9-十八碳三烯和Z, Z-3, 9-6, 7-环氧-十八碳二烯配成数个备选的复合型性诱剂,载于羊毛毡细条上、塑封、制成诱芯,在茶园中检测其引诱活性,发现诱效最优的复合型性诱剂在每个诱芯上组成为：6种EAG活性成分各2 mg、Z, Z, Z-3, 6, 9-十八碳三烯0.4 mg、Z, Z-3, 9-6, 7-环氧-十八碳二烯0.6 mg、抗氧化剂——2, 6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚1 mg、正己烷100 μL。此外,使用土黄、荧光黄、米黄、素馨黄、桔黄、土褐、墨绿、芽绿、草绿、荧光绿、天蓝、大红和纯白等13种色板诱杀灰茶尺蠖成虫,发现其偏嗜暗黄色,以土黄色效果最佳。遂将该诱芯载于土黄色粘板上组成诱捕器,诱杀防治灰茶尺蠖主害代——第3代,试验程序：在第2代羽化始盛期用诱捕器诱杀成虫以减少交尾几率而压低第3代幼虫数,在第3代初龄幼虫期喷施2.5%联苯菊酯、茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒 · 苏云金杆菌悬浮剂（1×10⁴ PIB · 2000 IU/μL）,接着定期调查三者的防治效果,结果表明复合型性诱剂的防效显著优于后两者。该研究为灰茶尺蠖的绿色防控提供了可敷应用的技术产品。     

Nicorandil alleviates myocardial injury and post-infarction cardiac remodeling by inhibiting Mst1

Background

Cardiomyocyte autophagy and apoptosis are crucial events underlying the development of cardiac abnormalities and dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). A better understanding of the cell signaling pathways involved in cardiac remodeling may support the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of heart failure (HF) after MI.

Cardiac‐specific Mst1 deficiency inhibits ROS‐mediated JNK signalling to alleviate Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis

Apoptosis is associated with various myocardial diseases. Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of RAAS‐triggered cardiac apoptosis. Our previous studies showed that mammalian Ste20‐like kinase 1 (Mst1) aggravates cardiac dysfunction in cardiomyocyte under pathological conditions, but its role in Ang II‐mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis is not known. We addressed this in the present study by investigating whether cardiac‐specific Mst1 knockout can alleviate Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis along with the underlying mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Ang II increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cardiomyocyte apoptosis; these were reversed by administration of the ROS scavenger N‐acetylcysteine and by Mst1 deficiency, which suppressed c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and downstream signaling. Interestingly, Mst1 knockout failed to alleviate Ang II‐induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, and inactivated apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase1 (ASK1) by promoting its association with thioredoxin (Trx), which reversed the Ang II‐induced activation of the ASK1–JNK pathway and suppressed Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Thus, cardiac‐specific Mst1 knockout inhibits ROS‐mediated JNK signalling to block Ang II‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, suggesting Mst1 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of RAAS‐activated heart failure.     

基于EPG技术分析茶树品种对茶小绿叶蝉的抗性及其相关的抗性物质

为深入探讨假眼小绿叶蝉在茶树上的刺探行为,进而筛选合适的刺探电位(electrical penetration graph,EPG)参数作为评判茶树抗感性指标,遂比较紫鹃、宁波黄金芽和黄观音等11个国家级和特色茶树良种对该叶蝉抗感性,并解析茶树抗感性与主要化学成分的相关性。使用刺探电位仪检测了该叶蝉在这11个茶树品种上的多种刺探行为及其参数、以聚类分析等方法解析各品种上EPG参数而判断每品种对于叶蝉的抗感性;再以HPLC检测茶叶主要成分,分析抗感性与化学成分的关联程度。结果如下:(1)进一步明确了代表该叶蝉在茶树上取食行为的7种EPG波形及其可能的生物学意义,即Np、A、S、C、E、F和R波,解析了各种波形的特征和出现规则,认为E波、F波以及未确定生物学意义的R波是抗性相关波。(2)在5h测试期间,叶蝉在黄观音和龙井43品种上的刺探次数最多,紫鹃、宁波黄金芽和金观音上的次之,铁观音和安吉白茶上的最少;E波平均持续时间在铁观音和黄牡丹上最长,乌牛早和安吉白茶上次之,紫鹃上最短;F波平均持续时间在黄观音上最长,紫鹃、龙井43和宁波黄金芽上次之,金观音上最短。(3)以刺探次数、韧皮部取食波E波历期、韧皮部取食困难波F波历期为指标,将11个品种聚为2类,即第Ⅰ类:安吉白茶、乌牛早、紫牡丹、中茶108、黄牡丹和铁观音;第Ⅱ类为黄观音、龙井43、紫鹃、宁波黄金芽和金观音;抗性强弱为:第Ⅱ类第Ⅰ类。(4)从感性至抗性品种,儿茶素类含量明显升高,且儿茶素总量与E波历期显著负相关(P为深入探讨假眼小绿叶蝉在茶树上的刺探行为,进而筛选合适的刺探电位（electrical penetration graph,EPG）参数作为评判茶树抗感性指标,遂比较紫鹃、宁波黄金芽和黄观音等11个国家级和特色茶树良种对该叶蝉抗感性,并解析茶树抗感性与主要化学成分的相关性。使用刺探电位仪检测了该叶蝉在这11个茶树品种上的多种刺探行为及其参数、以聚类分析等方法解析各品种上EPG参数而判断每品种对于叶蝉的抗感性;再以HPLC检测茶叶主要成分,分析抗感性与化学成分的关联程度。结果如下：（1）进一步明确了代表该叶蝉在茶树上取食行为的7种EPG波形及其可能的生物学意义,即Np、A、S、C、E、F和R波,解析了各种波形的特征和出现规则,认为E波、F波以及未确定生物学意义的R波是抗性相关波。（2）在5h测试期间,叶蝉在黄观音和龙井43品种上的刺探次数最多,紫鹃、宁波黄金芽和金观音上的次之,铁观音和安吉白茶上的最少;E波平均持续时间在铁观音和黄牡丹上最长,乌牛早和安吉白茶上次之,紫鹃上最短;F波平均持续时间在黄观音上最长,紫鹃、龙井43和宁波黄金芽上次之,金观音上最短。（3）以刺探次数、韧皮部取食波E波历期、韧皮部取食困难波F波历期为指标,将11个品种聚为2类,即第Ⅰ类：安吉白茶、乌牛早、紫牡丹、中茶108、黄牡丹和铁观音;第Ⅱ类为黄观音、龙井43、紫鹃、宁波黄金芽和金观音;抗性强弱为：第Ⅱ类 > 第Ⅰ类。（4）从感性至抗性品种,儿茶素类含量明显升高,且儿茶素总量与E波历期显著负相关（P < 0.05）;咖啡碱、氨基酸和可溶性糖含量皆未与E波、F波历期明显相关。认为：E波和F波历期以及刺探次数可作为茶树抗感性的主要参数;R波可能与韧皮部取食抗性相关;儿茶素类是抗性相关物质。研究可为深入探讨茶树抗虫机理提供参考。     

Exosomal Mst1 transfer from cardiac microvascular endothelial cells to cardiomyocytes deteriorates diabetic cardiomyopathy

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) injury and cardiomyocyte (CM) dysfunction. Exosomes mediated cellular communication between CMECs and CM has emerging roles in the pathogenesis of DCM, but the underlining mechanisms are unclear. Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (Mst1), a key component in Hippo pathway which participates in regulating organ size, apoptosis and autophagy, is involved in the development of DCM. We generated the endothelial-specific Mst1 transgenic mice (Tg-Mst1^EC) and constructed diabetic model with streptozotocin (STZ). Interestingly, Tg-Mst1^EC mice suffered from worse cardiac function and aggravated insulin resistance compared with non-transgenic (NTg) diabetic mice. The content of Mst1 protein was increased, while Mst1 mRNA had no significant change in CM isolated from diabetic Tg-Mst1^EC mice. In vitro, CMECs-derived exosomes were taken up by CM and increased Mst1 protein content which inhibited autophagy, as well as enhanced apoptosis in high glucose (HG) cultured CM as evidenced by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. In addition, Mst1 inhibited glucose uptake under diabetic condition by disrupting the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) membrane translocation through decreasing the interaction between Daxx and GLUT4, as well as enhancing the association of Mst1 and Daxx. Our study exemplifies pleiotropic effects of Mst1-enriched exosomes released from CMECs on inhibiting autophagy, promoting apoptosis and suppressing the glucose metabolism in CM.     

Melatonin activates Parkin translocation and rescues the impaired mitophagy activity of diabetic cardiomyopathy through Mst1 inhibition

Mitophagy eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria and thus plays a cardinal role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We observed the favourable effects of melatonin on cardiomyocyte mitophagy in mice with DCM and elucidated their underlying mechanisms. Electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis revealed that melatonin reduced the number of impaired mitochondria in the diabetic heart. Other than decreasing mitochondrial biogenesis, melatonin increased the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria in mice with DCM. Melatonin increased LC3 II expression as well as the colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes in HG‐treated cardiomyocytes and the number of typical autophagosomes engulfing mitochondria in the DCM heart. These results indicated that melatonin promoted mitophagy. When probing the mechanism, increased Parkin translocation to the mitochondria may be responsible for the up‐regulated mitophagy exerted by melatonin. Parkin knockout counteracted the beneficial effects of melatonin on the cardiac mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetic disorders, thus abolishing the substantial effects of melatonin on cardiac remodelling with DCM. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited Mammalian sterile 20‐like kinase 1 (Mst1) phosphorylation, thus enhancing Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, which contributed to mitochondrial quality control. In summary, this study confirms that melatonin rescues the impaired mitophagy activity of DCM. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to activation of Parkin translocation via inhibition of Mst1.     

花期杭白菊植株引诱菊小长管蚜的嗅觉和视觉线索及应用

杭白菊是一类顶级的茶用菊,原产地是浙江省桐乡市。菊小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella sanborni是菊属植物重要害虫,常常在花期觅食于花上和匿于花内,随着菊花采摘、加工而残留在菊花产品中。冲饮菊花茶过程中,蚜尸或肢体就浮现在菊花茶汤中,致饮者“倒胃口”。为揭示该蚜嗜好花朵原因和研制有效的防控手段以便在花期控制该蚜,分离鉴定了花期杭白菊植株的36种挥发性化合物,挑选其中含量大的、主要的17种用作味源,对该蚜做行为测定。发现a-蒎烯、反-2-己烯醛、(+)-4-蒈烯、顺-3-己烯乙酯、顺式-β-罗勒烯、γ-萜品烯、或者1-辛烯-3-乙酯7种成分的10^-4g/mL的正己烷溶液显著地吸引该蚜雌、雄成蚜。依次将该7种成分的每种10^-2g/mL正己烷溶液与蚜虫性信息素荆芥内酯的10^-4g/mL正己烷溶液按照60∶10∶10∶2∶2∶20∶2∶1体积比配制成复合型蚜虫引诱剂,在菊园中与专利产品蚜虫引诱剂比较诱效,结果表明前者对于该蚜更具有引诱力。此外,在杭白菊园进行的该蚜趋色行为测定中,测得菊花黄对该蚜诱效稍强于芽绿色。随后...