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1.
Ganeshan Seedhabadee Båga Monica Harvey Bryan L. Rossnagel Brian G. Scoles Graham J. Chibbar Ravindra N. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2003,73(1):57-64
The in vitro plant regeneration frequencies for immature scutella, leaf-bases/apical meristems (LB/AM) and mature embryos of four commercially important barley genotypes were compared. Production of shoots from mature embryos or calluses of LB/AM incubated on media containing 1.0 or 2.0 mg l–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) were comparable to regeneration frequencies obtained for scutella-derived calluses of the same genotypes. Incubation of excised mature embryos and LB/AM on media containing the plant growth regulator, thidiazuron (TDZ), resulted in an increased shoot production. However, TDZ treatment did not stimulate plant regeneration from calluses derived from scutella or LB/AM. Shoots formed from TDZ-treated mature embryos and LB/AM were induced without a callus interphase and the in vitro culture system gave a three- to eight-fold higher regeneration frequency than recorded for scutella-derived calluses on BA medium. The simplicity and rapid development of shoots using the mature embryo system could potentially be used for the regeneration and genetic transformation of barley over alternative regeneration systems. 相似文献
2.
Tamminga C Sedegah M Regis D Chuang I Epstein JE Spring M Mendoza-Silveiras J McGrath S Maiolatesi S Reyes S Steinbeiss V Fedders C Smith K House B Ganeshan H Lejano J Abot E Banania GJ Sayo R Farooq F Belmonte M Murphy J Komisar J Williams J Shi M Brambilla D Manohar N Richie NO Wood C Limbach K Patterson NB Bruder JT Doolan DL King CR Diggs C Soisson L Carucci D Levine G Dutta S Hollingdale MR Ockenhouse CF Richie TL 《PloS one》2011,6(10):e25868
Background
A protective malaria vaccine will likely need to elicit both cell-mediated and antibody responses. As adenovirus vaccine vectors induce both these responses in humans, a Phase 1/2a clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an adenovirus serotype 5-vectored malaria vaccine against sporozoite challenge.Methodology/Principal Findings
NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC is an adenovirus vector encoding the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 circumsporozoite protein (CSP). It is one component of a two-component vaccine NMRC-M3V-Ad-PfCA consisting of one adenovector encoding CSP and one encoding apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) that was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in an earlier study (see companion paper, Sedegah et al). Fourteen Ad5 seropositive or negative adults received two doses of NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC sixteen weeks apart, at particle units per dose. The vaccine was safe and well tolerated. All volunteers developed positive ELISpot responses by 28 days after the first immunization (geometric mean 272 spot forming cells/million[sfc/m]) that declined during the following 16 weeks and increased after the second dose to levels that in most cases were less than the initial peak (geometric mean 119 sfc/m). CD8+ predominated over CD4+ responses, as in the first clinical trial. Antibody responses were poor and like ELISpot responses increased after the second immunization but did not exceed the initial peak. Pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to Ad5 did not affect the immunogenicity of the first dose, but the fold increase in NAb induced by the first dose was significantly associated with poorer antibody responses after the second dose, while ELISpot responses remained unaffected. When challenged by the bite of P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes, two of 11 volunteers showed a delay in the time to patency compared to infectivity controls, but no volunteers were sterilely protected.Significance
The NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC vaccine expressing CSP was safe and well tolerated given as two doses, but did not provide sterile protection.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00392015相似文献3.
Sedegah M Tamminga C McGrath S House B Ganeshan H Lejano J Abot E Banania GJ Sayo R Farooq F Belmonte M Manohar N Richie NO Wood C Long CA Regis D Williams FT Shi M Chuang I Spring M Epstein JE Mendoza-Silveiras J Limbach K Patterson NB Bruder JT Doolan DL King CR Soisson L Diggs C Carucci D Dutta S Hollingdale MR Ockenhouse CF Richie TL 《PloS one》2011,6(10):e24586
4.
In vitro regeneration of cereals based on multiple shoot induction from mature embryos in response to thidiazuron 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seedhabadee Ganeshan Sanjay V. Chodaparambil Monica B?ga D. Brian Fowler Pierre Hucl Brian G. Rossnagel Ravindra N. Chibbar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,85(1):63-73
The in vitro competency of mature cereal embryos (winter, spring and durum wheats, oat, barley and triticale) was assessed for direct
multiple shoot production on culture media containing the plant growth regulators, thidiazuron (TDZ) and/or 6–benzylaminopurine
(BAP). Mature embryos of CDC Dancer oat showed the best response, with 69 shoots per explant on culture medium containing
a combination of 4.5 μM TDZ and 4.4 μM BAP. TDZ alone induced about 16 shoots per explant from the oat. Among the wheat genotypes,
durum wheat showed the most number of shoots (35) per explant on culture medium containing 4.5 μM of TDZ and 4.4 μM of BAP.
With TDZ alone, shoot regeneration for durum wheat ranged from 27–32 shoots per explant. The regeneration frequency from the
three winter wheat genotypes ranged from 11–25 shoots per explant and was highest on culture medium containing 9.1 μM TDZ
and 4.4 μM BAP. The latter culture medium was also effective for a triticale genotype, inducing 34 shoots per explant. The
regeneration from mature embryos of barley genotypes ranged from 5–9 shoots per explant. The mature embryos of all the cereals
tested could be used for in vitro regeneration with TDZ and TDZ+BAP combinations. 相似文献
5.
6.
Venu L Padmavathi IJ Kishore YD Bhanu NV Rao KR Sainath PB Ganeshan M Raghunath M 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2008,16(6):1270-1276
Objective: We investigated the long‐term effects of maternal/postnatal magnesium (Mg) restriction on adiposity, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion in the offspring and the probable biochemical mechanisms associated with them. Methods and Procedures: Female weanling Wistar/NIN (WNIN) rats received a control diet or 70% Mg‐restricted (MgR) diet for 9 weeks and mated with control males. A third of the restricted dams were shifted to control diet from parturition. Half of the pups born to the remaining restricted dams were weaned on to control diet, while the other half continued on MgR diet. Various parameters were determined in the offspring at 18 months of age. Results: The percentage of body fat increased, lean body mass (LBM) and fat free mass (FFM) decreased in restricted offspring and were irreversible by rehabilitation. While glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (IR) were comparable among groups, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and basal glucose uptake by the diaphragm were significantly decreased in restricted offspring and not corrected by rehabilitation. Plasma leptin was lower, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) was higher in restricted offspring, whereas expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acyl transport protein 1 (FATP 1) was higher in liver and adipose tissue. While changes in FAS and FATP 1 were not correctible by rehabilitation, those in leptin and TNF‐α were corrected by rehabilitation from parturition but not from weaning. Tissue oxidative stress and antioxidant status were comparable among groups. Discussion: Results indicate that maternal and postnatal Mg status is important in the long‐term programming of body adiposity and insulin secretion in rat offspring. 相似文献
7.
Pradip Bhattacharya Tamil Ganeshan Soumiyadeep Nandi Alok Srivastava Prashant Singh Mohommad Rehan Reshmi Rashkush Naidu Subbarao Andrew Lynn 《Journal of molecular modeling》2009,15(9):1013-1025
During thermal transition and variation of pH, structural properties of 35 proteins and their complexes (bound with substrate
and co-factor) were analyzed in detail. During pH alteration, these proteins were shown to have substantial differences in
conformations. pH conformers were analyzed in detail. Free energy and other energy parameters were also estimated for these
proteins at various pH and temperatures. Detailed structural analysis and binding interfaces of various substrates, inhibitors
and cofactor of these proteins were also investigated using docking and molecular dynamic simulation.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
8.
An efficient in vitro system for somatic embryogenesis and podophyllotoxin production in Podophyllum hexandrum Royle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manoharan Rajesh Ganeshan Sivanandhan Murugaraj Jeyaraj Rajan Chackravarthy Markandan Manickavasagam N. Selvaraj Andy Ganapathi 《Protoplasma》2014,251(5):1231-1243
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle known as Indian mayapple is an important medicinal plant found only in higher altitudes (2,700 to 4,200 m) of the Himalayas. The highly valued anticancer drug Podophyllotoxin is obtained from the roots of this plant. Due to over exploitation, this endemic plant species is on the verge of extinction. In vitro culture for efficient regeneration and the production of podophyllotoxin is an important research priority for this plant. Hence, in the present study, an efficient plant regeneration system for mass multiplication through somatic embryogenesis was developed. We have screened P. hexandrum seeds collected from three different regions in the Himalayas to find their regenerative potentials. These variants showed variation in germination percentage as well as somatic embryogenic frequency. The seeds collected from the Milam area of Pithoragarh district showed better germination response (99.3 %) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with Gibberellic acid (GA3 [5 mg/l]) and higher direct somatic embryogenic frequency (89.6 %). Maximum production of embryogenic callus (1.2 g fresh weight [FW]) was obtained when cotyledons containing the direct somatic embryo clusters were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D [1.5 mg/l]) after 4 week of culture in complete darkness. In the present investigation, somatic embryogenesis was accomplished either by direct organogenesis or callus mediated pathways. The latter method resulted in a higher frequency of somatic embryo induction in hormone-free MS medium yielding 47.7 embryos/50 mg of embryogenic callus and subsequent germination in MS medium supplemented with GA3 (5 mg/l). Seventy-nine percent of embryos attained complete maturity and germinated into normal plants with well-developed roots. Systematic histological analysis revealed the origin of somatic embryo and their ontogenesis. The higher level of podophyllotoxin (1.8 mg/g dry weight [DW]) was recorded in germinated somatic embryos when compared to field grown plants. The present system can be widely used for mass propagation, transgenic recovery, and podophyllotoxin production for commercial utilization. 相似文献
9.
Ganeshan Sivanandhan Natesan Selvaraj Andy Ganapathi Markandan Manickavasagam 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2014,119(1):221-225
The influence of Gracilaria edulis and Sargassum wightii extracts was investigated for the production of biomass and withanolides in the multiple shoot suspension culture of Withania somnifera. Supplementation of 40 % G. edulis extract in MS liquid medium for 24 h exposure time in the culture recorded the highest biomass accumulation [62.4 g fresh weight and 17.82 g dry weight (DW)] and withanolides production (withanolide A 0.76 mg/g DW; withanolide B 1.66 mg/g DW; withaferin A 2.80 mg/g DW and withanone 2.42 mg/g DW) after 5 weeks of culture, which were 1.45–1.58-fold higher than control culture. This naturally available G. edulis extract-treated multiple shoot suspension culture protocol offers a potential alternative for the optimum production of biomass and withanolides utilizing shake-flasks. 相似文献
10.
Kathamuthu GokulRaj Natesan Sundaresan Enthai Jagan Ganeshan Pandi Rajapriya Johnpaul Muthumary Jayavel Sridhar Mohan Pandi 《Bioinformation》2014,10(6):320-328
Endophytic fungi are inhabitants of plants, living most part of their lifecycle asymptomatically which mainly confer protection and
ecological advantages to the host plant. In this present study, 48 endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of three medicinal
plants and characterized based on ITS2 sequence – secondary structure analysis. ITS2 secondary structures were elucidated with
minimum free energy method (MFOLD version 3.1) and consensus structure of each genus was generated by 4SALE. ProfDistS
was used to generate ITS2 sequence structure based phylogenetic tree respectively. Our elucidated isolates were belonging to
Ascomycetes family, representing 5 orders and 6 genera. Colletotrichum/Glomerella spp., Diaporthae/Phomopsis spp., and Alternaria
spp., were predominantly observed while Cochliobolus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Emericella sp., were represented by singletons. The
constructed phylogenetic tree has well resolved monophyletic groups with >50% bootstrap value support. Secondary structures
based fungal systematics improves not only the stability; it also increases the precision of phylogenetic inference. Above ITS2 based
phylogenetic analysis was performed for our 48 isolates along with sequences of known ex-types taken from GenBank which
confirms the efficiency of the proposed method. Further, we propose it as superlative marker for reconstructing phylogenetic
relationships at different taxonomic levels due to their lesser length. 相似文献