Larva and pupa of Cyphopisthes descarpentriesi Paulian (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Ceratocanthidae) and their phylogenetic implications

Abstract Pupae and mature larvae of the Australian ceratocanthid beetle, Cyphopisthes descarpentriesi Paulian 1977, are described and extensively illustrated. This is the sixth species of the family for which immature stages are known and the first from the Australian region. Unlike other ceratocanthid larvae described before, those of Cyphopisthes Gestro lack stridulatory teeth on the middle and hind legs and any trace of a frontoclypeal suture on the cranium. Reduced one-segmented labial palpi in Cyphopisthes are unique in Scarabaeoidea. Monophyly of the family is not corroborated by larval characters. Absence of spiracular closing apparatus in larvae is reported in the family for the first time. Like pupae of Ceratocanthus White and Germarostes Paulian, those of Cyphopisthes have thoracic projections, but their shape and location are different. Spiracles are found on abdominal segments 2−4 of pupa; that on segment 2 differs in colour and location from the others.     

The evolutionary transformation of phyllopodous to stenopodous limbs in the Branchiopoda (Crustacea)--is there a common mechanism for early limb development in arthropods?

Arthropods and in particular crustaceans show a great diversity concerning their limb morphology. This makes the homologization of limbs and their parts and our understanding of evolutionary transformations of these limb types problematical. To address these problems we undertook a comparative study of the limb development of two representatives of branchiopod crustaceans, one with phyllopodous the other with stenopodous trunk limbs. The trunk limb ontogeny of a 'larger branchiopod', Cyclestheria hislopi ('Conchostraca') and the raptorial cladoceran Leptodora kindtii (Haplopoda) has been examined by various methods such as SEM, Hoechst fluorescent stain and expression of the Distal-less gene. The early ontogeny of the trunk limbs in C. hislopi and L. kindtii is similar. In both species the limbs are formed as ventrally placed, elongate, subdivided limb buds. However, in C. hislopi, the portions of the early limb bud end up constituting the endites and the endopod of the phyllopodous filtratory limb in the adult, whereas in L. kindtii, similar limb bud portions end up constituting the actual segments in the segmented, stenopodous, and raptorial trunk limbs of the adults. Hence, the portions of the limbs corresponding to the endites of the phyllopodous trunk limbs in C. hislopi (and other 'larger branchiopods') are homologous to the segments of the stenopodous trunk limbs in L. kindtii. It is most parsimonious to assume that the segmented trunk limbs in L. kindtii have developed from phyllopodous limbs with endites and not vice versa. This study has demonstrated at least one way in which segmented limbs have been derived from phyllopodous, multi-lobate limbs during evolution. Similar pathways can be assumed for the evolution of stenopodous, segmented and uniramous limbs in other crustaceans. Irrespective of the differences in the adult limb morphology, the early patterning of arthropod limbs seems to follow a similar principle.     

DNA analysis and sorting of rat testis cells using two-parameter flow cytometry

By use of two-parameter flow cytometry of rat testis cell suspensions stained with mithramycin for DNA (the peak amplitude of the fluorescence signal versus total fluorescence intensity integrated over time), eight cell compartments could be distinguished without pre-enrichment of the samples. Cells in these compartments were identified by sorting and subsequent microscopic examination.     

我国微茎类吸虫研究:ⅩⅢ.微茎类吸虫成虫结构特征排序

对我国52种微茎类吸虫的18项成虫形态学特征进行主成分分析,结果表明:卵巢位置、子宫延伸位置等7项性状对第一主成分贡献较大,提示描述器官位置的指标是重要的分类依据。52个虫种在前三个主成分上的排序图显示应将其划分成4个亚科。     

柱萤叶甲属研究（Ⅰ）鞘翅具黑色刻点的种类记述（鞘翅目：叶甲科）

本文就萤叶甲亚科中柱萤叶甲属鞘翅具黑色刻点的种类进行研究,共记述４种,我国已记录３种,其中１种为新种。     

Helical peptides with three pairs of Asp-Arg and Glu-Arg residues in different orientations and spacings.

The helix-stabilizing effects of repeating pairs of Asp-Arg and Glu-Arg residues have been characterized using a peptide system of the same design used earlier to study Glu-Lys (Marqusee, S. & Baldwin, R.L., 1987, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 8898-8902) and Asp-Lys ion pairs (Marqusee, S. & Baldwin, R.L., 1990, In Protein Folding [Gierasch, L.M. & King, J., Eds.], pp. 85-94, AAAS, Washington, D.C.). The consequences of breaking ion pair and charge-helix dipole interactions by titration to pH 2 have been compared with the results of screening these interactions with NaCl at pH 7.0 and pH 2.5. The four peptides in each set contain three pairs of acidic (A) and basic (B) residues spaced either i, i + 4 or i, i + 3 apart. In one peptide of each kind the pairwise order of residues is AB, with the charges oriented favorably to the helix macrodipole, and in the other peptide the order is BA. The results are as follows: (1) Remarkably, both Asp-Arg and Glu-Arg peptides show the same pattern of helix stabilization at pH 7.0 found earlier for Glu-Lys and Asp-Lys peptides: i + 4 AB > i + 4 BA approximately i + 3 AB > i + 3 BA. (2) The ion pairs and charge-helix dipole interactions cannot be cleanly separated, but the results suggest that both interactions make important contributions to helix stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

我国微茎类吸虫的研究Ⅻ.类茎属及多黄属二新种报道：复殖目：微茎科

本文报道在湛江市附近海域海鸟体内获得的两种吸虫,经鉴定为新种,命名为巨口类茎吸虫,新种Ｍｉｃｒｏｐｈａｌｌｏｉｄｅｓ ｍａｃｒｏｓｔｏｎｒｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,珊瑚多黄吸虫,新种Ｍｕｌｔｉｖｉｔｅｌｌｕｓ ｃｏｒａｌｉｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

Patterns of daily flight activity in onitine dung beetles (Scarabaeinae: Onitini)

Different species of African dung beetles emerge from the soil at characteristic times of the day to fly and colonize the freshly-deposited dung of mammalian herbivores. Onitine dung beetles in their natural habitat displayed one of five distinctive daily flight behaviours: dusk crepuscular (Onitis alexis Klug, O. caffer Boheman, O. fulgidus Klug, O. tortuosus Houston, O. vanderkelleni Lansberge, O. westermanni Lansberge); dusk/dawn crepuscular (O. pecuarius Lansberge and O. viridulus Boheman); dusk/dawn crepuscular and nocturnal (O. aygulus (Fabricius), O. mendax Gillet, O. uncinatus Klug); late afternoon-dusk and dawn-early morning [Heteronitis castelnaui (Harold)]; or diurnal flight activity [O. belial (Fabricius), O. ion (Olivier)]. These diagnostic daily flight behaviours span a light intensity range of over 6 orders of magnitude and have been retained in selected species introduced into Australia. Ambient light intensity appears to be the primary determinant of the daily flight period in onitine dung beetles. Because the dung of mobile herbivores is rapidly exploited by onitine species for feeding and breeding purposes, different flight behaviours result in a spatial and temporal partitioning of species in the local dung beetle community. The timing of flight may contribute to, or lead to avoidance of, competition between species which may ultimately affect colonization success. Many onitines show a strong preference for dung of specific herbivores, which may further reduce interspecific competition. All crepuscular-nocturnal species examined raised their thoracic temperatures endothermically to between 35°C and 40°C before the onset of flight. In O. aygulus the thoracic temperature excess was as large as 19.3°C. The thermal threshold below which the frequency of flight onsets drops off rapidly is about 12°C for O. aygulus and 17°C for O. alexis and O. pecuarius. Radiant loss of body heat during cool nights and dawns may explain why smaller species (<0.4 g body weight), in particular, are adapted behaviourally so that they fly only during the day or early dusk.     

以化学纯饲料饲养北京的桃蚜

应用修改后的Dadd和Mitter(1966)全纯饲料配方配制成人工饲料饲养定居在北京温室烟草上的桃蚜 Myzus persicae可完成生活史井连续饲养3代。本文描述饲料配制、饲养和取食量测定的方法。这3代初羽化无翅孤雌胎生雌蚜的平均体重分别为:440±90.7μg,264±104.9μg和312±127.9μg。用放射性同位素稀释法测定取食量的结果得悉若虫期的总取食量每蚜约为1.74μg,相当于1.16μl。