Inhibition of Phosphotidylcholine Liposome Oxidation by Phenolics from Aloe Extracts: A. arborescens,A. pillansii,and A. squarrosa

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - Various species from the genus Aloe, which there are more than 500 in the world, are considered to be important sources of biologically active compounds,...     

Initiated Oxidation of Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes with Some Functional Nutraceuticals

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - Design and research of liposome structures on the basis of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) as nanocontainers for delivery of various functional nutraceuticals...     

The cell cycle and retinal histogenesis fidget mutant mice.

The autoradiographic method using [³H]thymidine has shown that the autosomal recessive mutant gene fidget (gene symbol fi) prolonging the presynthetic period of the cell cycle in the retinal anlage in homozygotes retards the transition of retinal cells to the differentiated state. Some retinal cells of normal embryos (+/+) start their transition to the differentiated state on the 11th day of embryogenesis, while in $\text{fi}\text{fi}$ embryos this process starts only on the 12th day. An active transition of retinal cells to the differentiated state especially in the peripheral zone of the mutant retina takes place 2 days later as compared to normal embryos. The number of differentiating cells in the retina of mutants at the stages of development studied is considerably lower as compared to the norm. The analysis of the cell cycle parameters in 15-day embryos has shown that in the mutants the retina is less mature as compared to +/+ embryos. The sequence of transition of various cell types to the differentiated state in the retina of $\text{fi}\text{fi}$ embryos is the same as in the norm. Gene fidget seems to interfere with proliferative rather than critical (quantal) cell cycles in the developing mouse retina.     

Comparative study of antioxidant properties of extracts of various <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aloe</Emphasis> species

Nowadays, a search for sources of the most biologically active antioxidant compounds among various herbs is an urgent problem. In this connection, several succulent plants from the Aloe genus are of special interest, because their preparations are widely used in domestic medicine. In this study, we measured the antioxidant activity (AOA) of an alcoholic extract of leaves of 15 Aloe species by amperometric and chemiluminescent methods and performed a comparative analysis of the results. We observed a considerable difference between the AOA values for the several Aloe species and explained this fact. The most active antioxidant among the samples proved to be the A. pillansii representative of the Aloe genus. Both methods demonstrated that the extracts from leaves of this Aloe species exhibited the high AOA. The A. broomii and A. spinosissima also had rather high AOA along with the A. pillansii and A. arborescens. The newly discovered Aloe species could be as promising a source of biologically active compounds as the traditionally used A. arborescens and A. vera.     

The Relationship between Lipid Peroxidation and Microviscosity in Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes. The Effects of a Plant Antioxidant and a Protein

Biophysics - Abstract—The influence of lipid peroxidation on the structure of biomembranes and liposomes has been studied for many years; however, there are still a number of unexplained...     

The Physico-Chemical Properties of Liposomes Made from Lipids of the Liver and Brain of Mice Receiving Nanolipid Complexes

Biophysics - We studied the physico-chemical properties of lipids of the most important organs (the liver and brain) of mice that received nanoliposomal complexes of different compositions in a...     

Inhibition of DNA synthesis in embryonic mouse retina as a result of gene interaction.

It has been shown by autoradiography using ³H-thymidine that 11-day mouse embryos doubly homozygous for the autosomal recessive genes fidget (gene symbol fi) and ocular retardation (or), have three to five times fewer labelled nuclei in their retina anlages as do normal (genotype +/+ +/+) embryos singly homozygous for fidget (+/+ $\text{fi}\text{fi}$) or ocular retardation (+/+ $\text{or}\text{or}$). In 11-day embryos of +/+ +/+, +/+ $\text{fi}\text{fi}$ and +/+ $\text{or}\text{or}$ genotypes the labelled nuclei are localized mainly in the inner zone of the retina anlage. However, in double homozygotes the indices of labelled nuclei were not significantly different in the inner and outer zones of the retina anlage. The retina anlage of 12-day double homozygote, $\text{fi}\text{fi}\text{or}\text{or}$, has practically no nuclei synthesizing DNA. Consequently, the mutant genes fi and or which prolong the G₁ period of the cell cycle in single homozygotes, act synergetically to stop DNA synthesis in the retina anlage cells of 12-day $\text{fi}\text{fi}\text{or}\text{or}$ embryos.     

Mutant gene expression in mouse aggregation chimeras. 6. An analysis of the effects of the white gene using a histochemical marker

The Miwh expression was studied using a genetical marker, acid beta-galactosidase, in 20 day old chimeric mice Miwh/Miwh Bglb/Bglb C/C in equilibrium +/+ Bgld/Bgld C/Ca and Miwh/Miwh Bglb/Bglb C/C in equilibrium +/+ Bgld/Bgld c/c. Three phenotypically new types of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) regions were found in the chimeras, which were absent in the RPE of the parental strains. The presence in the chimeras of the RPE regions consisting of pigmented and normally differentiated cells with a high activity of the enzyme suggests the normalization of differentiation of the Miwh/Miwh RPE cells, due, apparently, to the inducing influence of the normal (+/+ C/C) mesenchyme cells. In addition, the presence of nonpigmented, both hyperplasied and nonhyperplasied, RPE regions (+/+ C/C) suggests an insufficient growth-inhibiting influence and the absence of melanogenesis-stimulating activity of defective Miwh/Miwh ectomesenchyme. The histochemical and cytological analysis of the RPE in the obtained chimeras has, thus, shown that the Miwh gene primarily affects ectomesenchyme, which does not exert melanogenesis-stimulating and growth-inhibiting influence on the RPE ensuring its hyperplasia and the absence of pigmentation.